Regulation S-B
Item 601

Exhibits

a. Exhibits and index of exhibits.

1. The exhibits required by the exhibit table generally must be filed or incorporated by reference.

2. Each filing must have an index of exhibits. The exhibit index must list exhibits in the same order as the exhibit table. If the exhibits are incorporated by reference, this fact should be noted in the exhibit index. In the manually signed registration statement or report, the exhibit index should give the page number of each exhibit.

3. If a material contract or plan of acquisition, reorganization, arrangement, liquidation or succession is executed or becomes effective during the reporting period covered by a Form 10-QSB or Form 10-KSB, it must be filed as an exhibit to the Form 10-QSB or Form 10-KSB filed for the same period. Any amendment or modification to a previously filed exhibit to a Form 10-SB, 10-KSB or 10-QSB document must be filed as an exhibit to a Form 10-QSB or 10-KSB. The amendment or modification does not need to be filed if the previously filed exhibit would not be currently required.

Instructions to Item 601(a):

1. If an exhibit (other than an opinion or consent) is filed in preliminary form and is later changed to include only interest, dividend or conversion rates, redemption or conversion prices, purchase or offering prices, underwriters' or dealers' commissions, names, addresses or participation of underwriters or similar matters and the information appears elsewhere in the registration statement or a prospectus, no amendment need be filed.

2. Small business issuers may file copies of each exhibit, rather than originals, except as otherwise specifically noted.

3. Electronic filings. Whenever an exhibit is filed in paper pursuant to a hardship exemption, the letter "P" (paper) should be placed next to the exhibit in the list of exhibits required by Item 601(a)(2) of this Rule. Whenever an electronic confirming copy of an exhibit is filed pursuant to a hardship exemption (Rule 201 or Rule 202(d) of Regulation S-T), the exhibit index should specify where the confirming electronic copy can be located; in addition, the designation "CE" (confirming electronic) should be placed next to the listed exhibit in the exhibit index.

EXHIBIT TABLE

*  Only if incorporated by reference into a prospectus and delivered to holders along with the prospectus as permitted by the registration statement; or in the case of a Form 10-KSB, where the annual report is incorporated by reference into the text of the Form 10-KSB.

**   Where the opinion of the expert or counsel has been incorporated by reference into a previously filed Securities Act registration statement.

***  An issuer need not provide an exhibit if: (1) an election was made under Form S-4 to provide S-2 or S-3 disclosure; and (2) the form selected (S-2 or S-3) would not require the company to provide the exhibit.

****  If required under Item 304 of Regulation S-B.

b. Description of exhibits. Below is a description of each document listed in the exhibit table.

1. Underwriting agreement. Each agreement with a principal underwriter for the distribution of the securities. If the terms have been determined and the securities are to be registered on Form S-3, the agreement may be filed on Form 8-K after the effectiveness of the registration statement.

2. Plan of purchase, sale, reorganization, arrangement, liquidation or succession. Any such plan described in the filing. Schedules or attachments may be omitted if they are listed in the index and provided to the Commission upon request.

3. Articles of incorporation and by-laws.

i. A complete copy of the articles of incorporation. Whenever amendments to articles of incorporation are filed, a complete copy of the articles as amended shall be filed.

ii. A complete copy of the by-laws. Whenever amendments to the bylaws are filed, a complete copy of the by-laws as amended shall be filed.

4. Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures.

i. All instruments that define the rights of holders of the equity or debt securities that the issuer is registering, including the pages From the articles of incorporation or by-laws that define those rights.

ii. All instruments defining the rights of holders of long term debt unless the total amount of debt covered by the instrument does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the small business issuer.

iii. Copies of indentures to be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 shall include an itemized table of contents and a cross reference sheet showing the location of the provisions inserted in accordance with Sections 310 through 318(a) of that Act.

Instruction to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) for electronic filings. If the instrument defining the rights of security holders is in the form of a certificate, the text appearing on the certificate shall be reproduced in an electronic filing together with a description of any other graphic and image material appearing on the certificate, as provided in Rule 304 of Regulation S-T.

5. Opinion on legality.

i. An opinion of counsel on the legality of the securities being registered stating whether they will, when sold, be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and, if debt securities, whether they will be binding obligations of the small business issuer.

ii. If the securities being registered are issued under a plan that is subject to the requirements of ERISA furnish either:

A. An opinion of counsel which confirms compliance with ERISA; or

B. A copy of the Internal Revenue Service determination letter that the plan is qualified under section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code.

If the plan is later amended, the small business issuer must have the opinion of counsel and the IRS determination letter updated to confirm compliance and qualification.

6. No Exhibit Required.

7. No Exhibit Required.

8. Opinion on tax matters. If tax consequences of the transaction are material to an investor, an opinion of counsel, an independent public or certified public accountant or, a revenue ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, supporting the tax matters and consequences to the shareholders. The exhibit is required for filings to which Securities Act Industry Guide 5 applies.

9. Voting trust agreement and amendments.

10. Material contracts.

i. Every material contract, not made in the ordinary course of business, that will be performed after the filing of the registration statement or report or was entered into not more than two years before such filing. Also include the following contracts:

A. Any contract to which directors, officers, promoters, voting trustees, security holders named in the registration statement or report, or underwriters are parties other than contracts involving only the purchase or sale of current assets having a determinable market price, at such market price;

B. Any contract upon which the small business issuer's business is substantially dependent, such as contracts with principal customers, principal suppliers, franchise agreements, etc.;

C. Any contract for the purchase or sale of any property, plant or equipment for a consideration exceeding 15 percent of such assets of the small business issuer; or

D. Any material lease under which a part of the property described in the registration statement or report is held by the small business Issuer.

ii.

A. Any management contract or any compensatory plan, contract or arrangement, including but not limited to plans relating to options, warrants or rights, pension, retirement or deferred compensation or bonus, incentive or profit sharing (or if not set forth in any formal document, a written description thereof) in which any director or any of the named executive officers of the registrant as defined by Item 402(a)(2) participates shall be deemed material and shall be filed; and any other management contract or any other compensatory plan, contract, or arrangement in which any other executive officer of the registrant participates shall be filed unless immaterial in amount or significance.

B. Any compensatory plan, contract or arrangement adopted without the approval of security holders pursuant to which equity may be awarded, including, but not limited to, options, warrants or rights (or if not set forth in any formal document, a written description thereof), in which any employee (whether or not an executive officer of the small business issuer) participates shall be filed unless immaterial in amount or significance. A compensation plan assumed by a small business issuer in connection with a merger, consolidation or other acquisition transaction pursuant to which the small business issuer may make further grants or awards of its equity securities shall be considered a compensation plan of the small business issuer for purposes of the preceding sentence.

C. The following management contracts or compensatory plans need not be filed:

1. Ordinary purchase and sales agency agreements;

2. Agreements with managers of stores in a chain organization or similar organization;

3. Contracts providing for labor or salesmen's bonuses or payments to a class of security holders, as such;

4. Any compensatory plan which is available to employees, officers or directors generally and provides for the same method of allocation of benefits between management and nonmanagement participants; and

5. Any compensatory plan if the issuer is a wholly owned subsidiary of a reporting copy and is filing a report on Form 10-KSB, or registering debt or non-voting preferred stock on Form S-2.

Instruction 1 to Item 601(b)(10):

Only copies of the various remunerative plans need be filed. Each individual director's or executive officer's personal agreement under the plans need not be filed, unless they contain material provisions.

Instruction 2 to Item 601(b)(l0):

If a material contract is executed or becomes effective during the reporting period reflected by a Form 10-QSB or Form 10-KSB, it shall be filed as an exhibit to the Form 10-QSB or Form 10-KSB filed for the corresponding period. See paragraph (a)(3) of this item. With respect to quarterly reports on Form 10-QSB, only those contracts executed or becoming effective during the most recent period reflected in the report shall be filed.

11. Statement re: computation of per share earnings. An explanation of the computation of per share earnings on both a primary and fully diluted basis unless the computation can be clearly determined From the registration statement or report.

12. No exhibit required.

13.

i. Annual report to security holders for the last fiscal year, Form 10-Q or 10-QSB or quarterly report to security holders. If incorporated by reference in the filing. Such reports, except for the parts which are expressly incorporated by reference in the filing are not deemed "filed" as part of the filing If the financial statements in the report have been incorporated by reference in the filing, the accountant's certificate shall be manually signed in one copy. See Rule 411(b).

ii. If the annual or quarterly report to security holders is incorporated by reference in whole or in part into an electronic filing, whatever is so incorporated must be filed in electronic format as an exhibit to the filing.

14. [Removed and reserved in Release 33-7300, effective July 15, 1996, 61 FR 30397.]

15. Letter on unaudited interim financial information. A letter, where applicable, From the independent accountant which acknowledges awareness of the use in a registration statement of a report on unaudited interim financial information. The letter is not considered a part of a registration statement prepared or certified by an accountant or a report prepared or certified by an accountant within the meaning of sections 7 and 11 of the Securities Act. Such letter may be filed with the registration statement, an amendment thereto, or a report on Form 10-QSB which is incorporated by reference into the registration statement.

16. Letter on change in certifying accountant. File the letter required by Item 304(a)(3).

17. Letter on director resignation. Any letter from a former director which describes a disagreement with the small business issuer that led to the director's resignation or refusal to stand for re-election and which requests that the matter be disclosed.

18. Letter on change in accounting principles. Unless previously filed, a letter From the issuer's accountant stating whether any change in accounting principles or practices followed by the issuer, or any change in the method of applying any such accounting principles or practices, which affected the financial statements being filed with the Commission in the report or which is expected to affect the financial statements of future fiscal years is to an alternative principle which in his judgment is preferable under the circumstances. No such letter need be filed when such change is made in response to a standard adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board that creates a new accounting principle, that expresses a preference for an accounting principle, or that rejects a specific accounting principle.

19. Report furnished to security holders. If the issuer makes available to its stockholders or otherwise publishes, within the period prescribed for filing the report, a document or statement containing information meeting some or all of the requirements of Part I of Form 10-Q or 10-QSB, the information called for may be incorporated by reference to such published document or statement provided copies thereof are included as an exhibit to the registration statement or to Part I of the Form 10-Q or 10-QSB report.

20. Other documents or statements to security holders or any document incorporated by reference.

21. Subsidiaries of the small business issuer. A list of all subsidiaries, the state or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization of each, and the names under which such subsidiaries do business.

22. Published report regarding matters submitted to vote of security holders. Published reports containing all of the information called for by Item 4 of Part II of Form 10-Q (or 10-QSB) or Item 4 of Part I of Form 10-K or 10-KSB which is referred to therein in lieu of providing disclosure in Form 10-Q (10-QSB) or 10-K (10-KSB), which are required to be filed as exhibits by Rule 12b-23(a)(3) under the Exchange Act.

23. Consents of experts and counsel.

i. Securities Act filings--Dated and manually signed written consents or a reference in the index to the location of the consent.

ii. Exchange Act reports. If required to file a consent for material incorporated by reference in a previously filed registration statement under the Securities Act, the dated and manually signed consent to the material incorporated by reference: The consents shall be dated and manually signed.

24. Power of attorney. If a person signs a registration statement or report under a power of attorney, a manually signed copy of such power of attorney or if located elsewhere in the registration statement, a reference in the index to where it is located. In addition, if an officer signs a registration statement for the small business issuer by a power of attorney, a certified copy of a resolution of the board of directors authorizing such signature. A power of attorney that is filed with the Commission must relate to a specific filing or an amendment, provided, however, that a power of attorney relating to a registration statement under the Securities Act or an amendment thereto also may relate to any registration statement for the same offering that is effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act. A power of attorney that confers general authority must not be filed with the Commission.

25. Statement of eligibility of trustee.

i. Form T-1 if an indenture is being qualified under the Trust Indenture Act, bound separately from the other exhibits.

ii. The requirement to bind separately the statement of eligibility and qualification does not apply to statements submitted in electronic format. Rather, such statements must be submitted as exhibits in the same electronic submission as the registration statement to which they relate, or in an amendment thereto, except that electronic filers that rely on Trust Indenture Act Section 305(b)(2) for determining the eligibility of the trustee under indentures for securities to be issued, offered or sold on a delayed basis by or on behalf of the registrant shall file such statements separately in the manner prescribed by 17 CFR 260.5b-1 through § 260.5b-3 and by the EDGAR Filer Manual.

26. Invitations for competitive bids. If the registration statement covers securities that the small business issuer is offering at competitive bidding, any invitation for competitive bid that the small business issuer will send or give to any person shall be filed.

(27) through (30) [Reserved]

1. Rule 13a-14/15d-14(a) Certifications. The certifications required by Rule 13a-14(a) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)) or Rule 15d-14(a) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)) exactly as set forth below:

Certifications *

I, [identify the certifying individual], certify that:

1. I have reviewed this [specify report] of [identify small business issuer];

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the small business issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The small business issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the small business issuer and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the small business issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the small business issuer's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the small business issuer's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the small business issuer's most recent fiscal quarter (the small business issuer's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the small business issuer's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The small business issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the small business issuer's auditors and the audit committee of the small business issuer's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the small business issuer's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the small business issuer's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:

[Signature]

[Title]

* Provide a separate certification for each principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the small business issuer. See Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a).

2. Section 1350 Certifications.

i. The certifications required by Rule 13a-14(b) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(b)) or Rule 15d-14(b) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(b)) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350).

ii. A certification furnished pursuant to this Item will not be deemed "filed" for purposes of section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the small business issuer specifically incorporates it by reference.

(33) through (98) [Reserved]

1. Additional Exhibits.

i. Any additional exhibits if listed and described in the exhibit index.

ii. If pursuant to Section 11(a) of the Securities Act an issuer makes generally available to its security holders an earnings statement covering a period of at least 12 months beginning after the effective date of the registration statement, anti if such earnings statement is made available by "other methods" than those specified in paragraphs (a) or (b) of Rule 158, it must be filed as an exhibit to the Form 10-QSB or the Form 10-KSB, as appropriate, covering the period in which the earnings statement was released.