Company Name: Wendy's International, Inc.
Public Availability Date: February 13, 2008
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
INQUIRY LETTER
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 20, 2007
Via Federal Express
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Re: Securities Exchange Act of 1934/Rule 14a-8
I am the Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Wendy's
International, Inc. ("Wendy's" or the "Company"). I am submitting this letter on
behalf of the Company to request the concurrence of the staff of the Division of
Corporation Finance (the "Staff") that no enforcement action will be recommended
to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC" or "Commission") if the
Company omits from its proxy statement and form of proxy for its 2008 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders (the "2008 Proxy Materials"), for the reasons outlined
below, a shareholder proposal (the "Proposal") received from the Province of
Saint Joseph of the Capuchin Order and Trinity Health (the "Proponents").
In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j) under Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, enclosed are six paper copies of this letter, the Proposal and
other correspondence we have exchanged with the Proponents relating to the
Proposal. One copy of this letter, with copies of all enclosures, is being sent
simultaneously to the Proponents by overnight delivery.
The Company presently expects to file its definitive 2008 Proxy Materials with
the SEC on or about March 10, 2008.
SUMMARY OF THE COMPANY'S POSITION
In summary, the Company believes that it may exclude the Proposal from its 2008
Proxy Materials pursuant to the following rules:
Rule 14a-8(i)(3): The Proposal is so vague and indefinite as to be materially
misleading.
Rule 14a-8(i)(6): The Company would lack the power and authority to implement
the Proposal, if approved by the shareholders, because the Proposal sets forth
vague and general objectives with no specific means to achieve them.
Rule 14a-8(i)(7): The proposal deals with a matter relating to the Company's
ordinary business operations.
THE PROPOSAL
The Company received the following shareholder Proposal from Proponents, dated
November 9, 2007:
RESOLVED: shareholders urge the Board of Directors to adopt principles for
comprehensive health care reform (such as those based upon principles reported
by the Institute of Medicine:
1. Health care coverage should be universal.
2. Health care coverage should be continuous.
3. Health care coverage should be affordable to individuals and families.
4. The health insurance strategy should be affordable and sustainable for
society.
5. Health insurance should enhance health and well being promoting access to
high-quality care that is effective, efficient, safe, timely, patient-centered,
and equitable).
GROUNDS FOR EXCLUSION OF THE PROPOSAL
I. The Proposal may be excluded because it is so vague and indefinite as to be
materially misleading.
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) allows the omission of a shareholder proposal if the proposal
or its supporting statement is contrary to the proxy rules, including Rule
14a-9, which prohibits materially false or misleading statements in proxy
soliciting materials. The Staff has consistently taken the position that
shareholder proposals that are vague and indefinite are excludable under Rule
14a-8(i)(3) as inherently misleading where neither the shareholders nor the
Company would be able to determine, with any reasonable amount of certainty,
what action or measures would need to be taken if the proposal was implemented.
Indeed, while the Staff, in Staff Legal Bulletin 14B (September 15, 2004),
clarified the circumstances in which companies will be permitted to exclude
proposals pursuant to 14a-8(i)(3), it expressly reaffirmed that vague and
indefinite proposals remain subject to exclusion. According to Staff Legal
Bulletin 14B:
There continue to be certain situations where we believe modification or
exclusion may be consistent with our intended application of rule 14a-8(i)(3).
In those situations, it may be appropriate for a company to determine to exclude
a statement in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(3) and seek our concurrence with that
determination. Specifically, reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(3) to exclude or modify a
statement may be appropriate where:
... the resolution contained in the proposal is so inherently vague or
indefinite that neither the shareholders voting on the proposal, nor the company
in implementing the proposal (if adopted), would be able to determine with any
reasonable certainty exactly what actions or measures the proposal requiresthis
objection also may be appropriate where the proposal and the supporting
statement, when read together, have the same result....
The Staff's prior no-action letters provide guidance regarding the
interpretation of the Staff's stated position with respect to Rule 14a-8(i)(3)
set forth in Bulletin 14B (reproduced above). These no-action letters establish
that shareholder proposals that (i) leave key terms and/or phrases undefined, or
(ii) are so vague in their intent generally that they are subject to multiple
interpretations, should be excluded because any action ultimately taken by the
company upon implementation could be significantly different from the actions
envisioned by shareholders voting on the proposal. To restate, in the Staff's
view, a proposal that requires that highly subjective determinations be made
with respect to either the meaning of key terms and/or phrases, or the intent of
the proposal generally, without guidance provided in the proposal itself, would
be subject to differing interpretations of shareholders voting on the proposal
and the company implementing the proposal and may be excluded under Rule
14a-8(i)(3). Implementing such an inherently vague and indefinite proposal would
likely result in company action that is "significantly different from the action
envisioned by the shareholders voting on the proposal." NYNEX Corporation
(January 12, 1990). See also Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. (February 1, 1999).
The following are examples of proposals that the Staff determined may be omitted
from proxy materials because they are generally vague in their intent. In
Maryland Realty Trust (February 7, 1980), the Staff allowed the omission under
former Rule 14a-8(c)(3) (i.e., predecessor to Rule 14a-8(i)(3)) of a proposal
requiring that the trustees "take steps to claim equal restitution to all
original stockholders." The Staff stated its view that the proposal was vague
because it was not clear that the shareholders would know what action they were
requesting management to take, and management would not be able to ascertain
what mandate was being given to them by the shareholders if the proposal was
adopted. Similarly, in Bristol-Myers Squibb the Staff granted no-action relief
for a proposal requesting that the company adopt a policy to pursue preservation
of life of unborn children because it was sufficiently vague to justify
exclusion under Rule 14a-8(i)(3). In H.J. Heinz Company (May 25, 2001), a
proposal requesting that the company implement a human rights standards program
was considered to be vague and indefinite permitting exclusion under Rule
14a-8(i)(3). More recently, in NSTAR (January 5, 2007) the staff granted relief
under Rule 14a-8(i)(3) with regard to a proposal that requested that the company
provide shareholders with "standards of record keeping of our financial records
as stockholders and proxies and fiduciaries." See also Wendy's International,
Inc. (February 24, 2006) (granting relief under Rule 14a-8(i)(3) regarding a
proposal requesting that the board of directors issue interim reports to
shareholders that detail the progress made toward "accelerating development" of
controlled-atmosphere killing).
In like manner to the proposals in the no-action letters cited above, the
operative phrase in the Proposal, "to adopt principles for comprehensive health
care reform," is perplexing and generally so inherently vague and indefinite
that neither the Company's shareholders nor the Company would be able to
determine either the precise objective of the adoption of principles that the
Proposal requests. Additionally, this imprecise language and the lack of
clarifying language in the supporting statement, results in a proposal that is
materially misleading because the principles adopted by the board of directors
are not likely to address, with any reasonable amount of certainty, the matters
that the shareholders may have believed the principles would address when they
voted on the Proposal.
In this regard, the Proposal requests that the board of directors "adopt
principles for comprehensive health care reform," such as those reported by the
Institute of Medicine. More specifically, the principles reported by the
Institute of Medicine call for widespread initiatives, such as universal health
care, continuous health care coverage, affordable health care coverage to
individuals and families, etc. In light of the fact that Wendy's and the
Institute of Medicine have been organized for very different purposes, the
general nature and intent of the phrase, "to adopt principles for comprehensive
health care reform," is vague and indefinite and is subject to varying
interpretations as it applies to a company conducting business in the quick
serve restaurant industry. For example, it is unclear whether the Proposal was
drafted to have Wendy's adopt universal principles for comprehensive health care
reform to influence policy makers and legislation, whether the Proposal should
be construed to urge the board of directors to somehow adapt principles for
comprehensive health care reform to the Company's business or whether there is
an entirely different intent. In other words, as a business in the quick serve
restaurant segment, it is not clear to the Company what actions are required in
order for it to "adopt principles for comprehensive health care reform," or what
the objective of these principles would be and therefore, any principles adopted
to achieve this vague, undefined objective would be unavoidably materially
misleading.
Furthermore, the Company is not a lobbying, political or lawmaking entity and
does not hold a local, state or federal government position, and therefore, is
not in a position to directly or indirectly "adopt principles for comprehensive
health care reform," similar to those reported by the Institute of Medicine,
which, according to information found on its web site, was created to serve as
an adviser to the nation to improve health, either in terms of implementing
comprehensive health care reform or influencing policy makers on the subject
matter of comprehensive health care reform. In attempting to interpret the
phrase "to adopt principles for comprehensive health care reform" in a manner
that correlates to the business actually conducted by the Company, it is
difficult to fathom what the Proponents have in mind. This is particularly true
because it is unlikely that principles for comprehensive health care reform
adopted by Wendy's would be persuasive over the public or its policy makers with
whom the Company has no health care based influence.
Adding to the confusion regarding the interpretation of the phrase "to adopt
principles for comprehensive health care reform" is the fact that the remainder
of the Proposal and the supporting statement do not provide any clarity as to
the goal of the Proposal. Rather, the remainder of the Proposal notes that many
national organizations have made health care a priority and specifically
references the American Cancer Society and to the National Coalition on Health
Care, which further clouds the purpose of the Proposal. In this regard, unlike
Wendy's, the National Cancer Society is a health based organization that is
dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem by preventing cancer,
saving lives, and diminishing suffering from cancer, through research,
education, advocacy, and service and the National Coalition on Health Care is an
alliance working to improve America's health care. The difference between those
organizations and Wendy's is immense and obvious.
Neither the National Cancer Society nor the National Coalition on Health Care is
a publicly traded company in the quick serve restaurant industry. As noted in
the supporting statement, the Institute of Medicine was established by Congress
and was created as a health based organization to be an advisor to the nation to
improve health. Wendy's was created by Dave Thomas to sell hamburgers. Although
these comparisons may appear at first to be frivolous, they demonstrate the fact
that a proposal urging the board of directors "to adopt principles for
comprehensive health care reform" similar to the Institute of Medicine and
comparing Wendy's to "national organizations," such as the American Cancer
Society and the National Coalition on Health Care, is so vague and indefinite as
to be materially misleading.
Accordingly, the Proposal, as directed to a quick serve restaurant company,
lacks a readily-identifiable directive and specific guidance resulting in a
Proposal that is materially misleading. While the Proposal may be readily
interpreted in relation to a health based organization, in the context of a
quick serve restaurant company, the Proposal is subject to varying
interpretations to shareholders with different perspectives. This would
inevitably result in the Company attempting to implement a Proposal, if adopted,
for which its understanding of the directive is substantially different from
that of its shareholders in voting on the Proposal. Because the shareholders and
Company are likely to have developed differing interpretations of the principles
that the Company is to adopt with regard to "comprehensive health care reform,"
any principles generated by the board of directors in attempting to achieve this
objective would be materially misleading to the Company's shareholders.
As the Staff succinctly stated in Trammel Crow Real Estate Investors (March 11,
1991), when a proposal is so vague and indefinite that neither the shareholders
voting on the proposal or the company implementing the proposal, if adopted,
would be able to determine with any reasonable certainty what actions would be
taken under the proposal, the proposal may be misleading "because any action
ultimately taken by the [company] upon implementation could be significantly
different from the actions envisioned by the shareholders voting on the
proposal." As evidenced by the foregoing analysis, the Proposal is materially
misleading and should be omitted from the Company's 2008 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(3).
II. The Proposal may be excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(6) because the Proposal
sets forth vague and general objectives and lacks specific guidance on achieving
such objectives, and the Company, therefore, lacks the power and authority to
implement the Proposal.
The Staff has consistently determined that proposals that request the
implementation of vague and general objectives or goals with no stated means to
achieve them are not within a company's power and authority to effectuate and
may be excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(6). Absent some form of further guidance, a
company faced with such a proposal is left guessing as to the means and manner
by which the proposal should be implemented. In Dyer v. SEC, 287 F.2d 773, 781
(8th Cir. 1961), the court upheld the SEC's determination that the proposal was
so vague and indefinite as to "make it impossible for either the board of
directors or the shareholders at large to comprehend precisely what the proposal
would entail." See also NYC Employees' Retirement System v. Brunswick Corp., 789
F. Supp. 144 (S.D.N.Y. 1992) (holding that a proposal that essentially directs
the board of directors to analyze the implementation of a national health
insurance plan in the U.S. violated Rule 14a-8(c)(3) as vague and misleading and
14a-8(c)(6) as beyond the corporation's power to effectuate and that the
proposal otherwise was not limited to the corporation's policies but instead
sought to require the corporation to form a national policy).
In Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. (February 9, 1993), the Staff determined that
a proposal requesting that a company make charitable contributions to "... only
those little league organizations that give each child the same amount of
playing time as practically possible," could be excluded under the predecessor
to Rule 14a-8(i)(6) (i.e., Rule 14a-8(c)(6)) because the requested action was
"... beyond the registrants power to effectuate." See also The Southern Company
(February 23, 1995) (allowing omission of a proposal that recommended that the
Board of Directors take the essential steps to ensure the highest standards of
ethical behavior of employees appointed to serve in the public sector pursuant
to Rule 14a-8(c)(6) as the proposal appears to be beyond the power of the
company to effectuate); and International Business Machines Corp. (January 14,
1992) (in which the Staff ruled that a matter may be considered beyond a
registrant's power to effectuate where a proposal is so vague and indefinite
that a registrant would be unable to determine what action should be taken with
respect to a proposal in which the proponents stated that women's rights were
being violated within the company, and resolving that "it is now apparent that
the need for representation has become a necessity").
In addition to the discussion set forth in Section I of this letter, not only is
the Proposal so vague and indefinite that it is materially misleading, but it
also lacks any specific guidance on how the Proposal should be implemented. The
Proposal is a text-book example of the kind of proposal that the Staff has
provided no-action relief under Rule 14a-8(i)(6), as one which requests the
implementation of vague and general goals with no stated means to achieve them
(i.e., in this case, the adoption of principles relating to the achievement of
the vague, indefinite and undefined objective "to adopt principles for
comprehensive health care reform").
One thing about the Proposal is clear: adoption of principles for "comprehensive
health care reform" is a vague and general objective about which the Proponents
have not provided sufficient guidance. Although there are references to
principles reported by the Institute of Medicine and the practices of the
American Cancer Society, which have little to no applicability to a publicly
traded quick serve restaurant company, there are no stated means in the Proposal
or supporting statement as to how this objective is to be achieved. Accordingly,
the Company lacks the power and authority to implement principles that would
meet the varied expectations of the shareholders. This is true because it is
impossible for the Company to know (when attempting to implement the Proposal)
the nature of the objective as interpreted by the shareholders due to the lack
of guidance on how to achieve health care reform in a manner that is within the
Company's power and authority to effectuate. For example, it is unclear how the
Company is to implement principles for comprehensive health care reform that
will simultaneously result in a decrease in health care costs borne by the
Company, as well as its employees. In this regard, the Proposal fails to provide
sufficient guidance as to the interplay between the principles to be adopted and
the distribution of health care costs to accurately implement the Proposal.
More specifically, while the Proposal urges the board of directors to adopt
principles for health care reform such as universal health care coverage,
continuous health care coverage and affordable health care coverage, the
Proposal also notes that increasing health care costs have been shifted to
employees and that rising health care costs borne by the Company have an adverse
effect on shareholder value. Therefore it is unknown what the actual objective
of the principles should be, as well as how they should be implemented. Is the
intent of the Proposal to focus on reforms that will provide universal health
care, to reduce health care spending, or both? Are the Proponents suggesting
that the Company is to adopt principles that somehow call for the reduction
health care costs borne by both employees and the Company and allow for
universal, continuous and affordable health care? If so, do the Proponents want
local, state and federal government to be responsible for bearing the costs of
rising health care? Alternatively, are the Proponents suggesting that taxpayers
be responsible for bearing the costs of rising health care? If the Proponents
envision that the principles will ultimately have the effect of reducing health
care costs, rather than increasing health care costs, how do they suggest that
the Company carryout this objective while ensuring universal, continuous and
affordable health care? Quality of health care is another significant
implementation issue not addressed by the Proposal. These and other similar
questions make it impossible for the Company to implement the Proposal without
further guidance.
The Company's quandary in this regard is made even stronger when considered in
connection with potential interpretations of the general objective from the
Company's perspective, and the inherent vagueness in any attempt by the Company
to implement the objective, as described in Section I. For example, it is not
clear whether implementing "principles for comprehensive health care reform"
means engaging in activities to influence policy makers to implement
"comprehensive health care reform," whether the Proposal should be construed to
urge the board of directors to somehow implement principles for comprehensive
health care reform to the Company's business or whether it means something else
entirely. The vague and indefinite nature of the Proposal makes it impossible
for shareholders voting on the Proposal to know with any certainty what action
of the Company should be conducted in implementing "principles for comprehensive
health care reform." If the Proposal were adopted, the Company also would not be
able to implement it because the Company would not have a clear directive as to
the shareholders' interpretation and understanding of the effect of voting for
the Proposal (i.e., the Company could not discern from the Proposal the precise
matters that the Company is to consider when implementing "principles for
comprehensive health care reform" nor how the Company would have the power to
implement "principles for comprehensive health care reform," if in fact they
were adopted).
Further, as noted above, the Company is not a political entity and does not hold
a position in any local, state or federal government, and it is not, therefore,
in a position, nor does it have the power, to directly or indirectly implement
"principles for comprehensive health care reform" regardless of the manner in
which this phase may be interpreted. The Company provides health care benefits
to its employees and their dependents based on the existing health care system.
The Company cannot control the design of that system, which is shaped by federal
and state law, health care providers, insurers and related organizations. These
facts illustrate the misleading nature of the general objective of the Proposal.
The Company is left the responsibility of attempting to interpret of the
Proponents' intent without any specific guidance from the Proposal itself. This
alone creates sufficient basis for the Company to exclude the Proposal from its
2008 Proxy Materials under Rule 14a-8(i)(6) because the Company lacks the
necessary power and authority to implement the Proposal.
Absent additional guidance, the Company lacks the power and authority to
implement principles toward achievement of an objective (i.e., "for
comprehensive health care reform") that is vague and indefinite, and the
Proposal should, therefore, be excluded from the 2008 Proxy Materials under Rule
14a-8(i)(6). The confusion created by the vague and indefinite Proposal, without
the provision of specific guidance to support its intended implementation
actions, makes the Proposal misleading to shareholders and beyond the power and
authority of the Company to implement. As the Court in NYC Employees' Retirement
System succinctly stated, "shareholders are entitled to know precisely the
breadth of the proposal on which they are asked to vote." Because the Proposal
does not plainly provide the means by which its general goal of "adopt[ing]
principles for comprehensive health care reform" is to be implemented, and any
construction of the phrase that the Company has identified in an attempt to
parse the Proponents' intent with respect to the Proposal merely compounds the
confusion, it is impossible for the shareholders to know the "breadth" of the
Proposal. Furthermore, while the residual effects of health care policy impact
the cost of health care coverage, a business, no matter how large or
influential, does not have the ability or the authority to implement principles
of comprehensive health care reform. Rather, the implementation of
"comprehensive health care reform" is a function of government or health based
organizations that have the role of advising or influencing policy makers or
government representatives that have the power and means to pass legislation.
Thus, the Proposal is beyond the power and authority of the Company to implement
and should be excluded on the basis of Rule 14a-8(i)(6).
III. The Proposal may be excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because the Proposal
sets forth matters relating to the Company's ordinary business operations.
In addition to the preceding arguments, Wendy's believes that the Proposal can
be properly excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). Not only does the subject matter of
the Proposal relate to tasks that are "fundamental to management's ability to
run the company on a day-to-day basis," but the Proposal also seeks to
"micro-manage" the affairs of the Company, by seeking to impose specific and
complex requirements and limitations on the business operations of Wendy's. In
this regard, the Proposal relates to the Company's ordinary business operation
as it involves the Company in the political and legislative process relating to
an aspect of the Company's ordinary business and ultimately addresses costs
related to employee benefits.
Under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), a proposal may be excluded if it "deals with a matter
relating to the conduct of the ordinary business operations of the registrant,"
provided that it does not have "significant policy, economic or other
implications inherent in" it. Exchange Act Release No. 34-12999 (November 22,
1976). For example, the Staff has indicated that where a proposal requests a
report on a specific aspect of the registrant's business, as is the case with
the Proposal, the Staff will consider whether the subject matter of the proposal
relates to the conduct of ordinary business operations. Where it does, such
proposal, although only requiring the preparation of a report, will be
excludable. Exchange Act Release No. 34-20091 (August 16, 1983).
The Commission has clarified the policy behind the Rule 14a-8(i)(7) exclusion
for ordinary business operations. In Exchange Act Release No. 34-40018 (May 21,
1998) (the "1998 Release"), the Commission stated that the general policy
consideration behind the 14a-8(i)(7) exclusion "is consistent with the policy of
most state corporate laws: to confine the resolution of ordinary business
problems to management and the board of directors, since it is impracticable for
shareholders to decide how to solve such problems at an annual shareholders
meeting." The Commission went on to state that:
The policy underlying the ordinary business exclusion rests on two central
considerations. The first relates to the subject matter of the proposal. Certain
tasks are so fundamental to management's ability to run a company on a
day-to-day basis that they could not, as a practical matter, be subject to
direct shareholder oversight.... The second consideration relates to the degree
to which the proposal seeks to `micro-manage' the company by probing too deeply
into matters of a complex nature upon which shareholders, as a group, would not
be in a position to make an informed judgment. This consideration may come into
play in a number of circumstances, such as where the proposal involves intricate
detail, or seeks to impose specific timeframes or methods for implicating
complex policies.
Under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), a company may exclude a shareholder proposal from its
proxy materials "[i]f the proposal deals with a matter relating to the company's
ordinary business operations." The Proposal relates to the Company's ordinary
business operations and it therefore may be omitted from the Company's 2008
Proxy Materials.
A. The Proposal involves ordinary business matters because it attempts to
involve Wendy's in public policy discussions regarding specific legislative and
regulatory initiatives
Even though the Proposal is phrased in terms of urging the adoption of
principles for comprehensive health care reform report on the Company's
activities and plans regarding legislative and regulatory initiatives, as
discussed above, it is well established that when determining whether a proposal
is excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), the Staff will consider whether the
subject matter of the proposal involves a matter of ordinary business. See
Exchange Act Release No. 20091 (August 16, 1983). In fact, in a number of
no-action letters, the Staff has concurred that a proposal is excludable where,
as here, it seeks to involve a company in the political or legislative process.
For example, in International Business Machines Corp. (March 2, 2000), the Staff
concurred in the omission of a proposal requesting that the company prepare a
report discussing issues under review by federal regulators and legislative
proposals relating to cash balance plan conversions. In concurring that the
proposal was excludable, the Staff stated, "[w]e note that the proposal appears
directed at involving IBM in the political or legislative process relating to an
aspect of IBM's operations."
Two years later, the Staff again concurred that a proposal requiring
International Business Machines to "[j]oin with other corporations in support of
the establishment of a properly financed national health insurance system" was
excludable because it "appear[ed] directed at involving IBM in the political or
legislative process relating to an aspect of IBM's operations." International
Business Machines Corp. (January 21, 2002); See also General Motors Corp. (April
7, 2006) (permitting the exclusion under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) of a proposal
requesting that the company petition the U.S. Government for improved corporate
average fuel economy standards, "lead the effort to enroll the assistance of the
Administration and Congress" and the automotive industry to develop a non-oil
based transportation system, and spread this technology to other nations).
Similarly, in Chrysler Corp. (February 10, 1992) the Staff concurred, in
reliance on Rule 14a-8(c)(7), in the omission of a proposal requesting that the
company actively support and lobby for universal health coverage.
The no-action letters cited above are consistent with other historical treatment
of proposals addressing the subject of health care that are directed at
involving a company in the political or legislative process. Since the 1990s,
shareholders sought to have proposals promoting national health insurance or
similar insurance included in company proxy materials. "In all of those earlier
cases advocating or otherwise promoting national health care coverage or similar
insurance, the staff uniformly concurred with corporations that proposals on
this subject could be omitted from their proxy materials under the ordinary
business exclusion." International Business Machines (January 13, 2005) (citing
Chrysler Corporation (February 10, 1992) and Brunswick Corporation (February 4,
1992)). For example, in Brunswick, the proponents sought to implement a proposal
relating to the preparation of a report by a committee of the company's board of
directors to evaluate various health-care proposals being considered by national
policy makers. The staff granted no-action relief, based on Rule 14a-8(c)(7),
the predecessor to Rule 14a-8(i)(7), because the proposal was directed at
involving the company in the political process relating to an aspect of the
company's operations.1 Further, in Pepsico, Inc. (March 7, 1991), no action
relief was granted by the Staff for a proposal calling for the establishment of
a "committee of the Board consisting of outside and independent directors for
the purpose of evaluating the impact of a representative across section of the
various health care reform proposals being considered by national policy makers
on the company" based on former Rule14a-8(c)(7).
Similarly, in recent years the staff has consistently granted no-action relief
for other matters where the proposal appeared to be directed at engaging the
company in a political or legislative process relating to an aspect of its
business operations. For example, in General Electric Co. (January 17, 2006),
the Staff concluded that a proposal relating to a report on the impact of a flat
tax was properly excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) as relating to General
Electric's "ordinary business operations (i.e., evaluating the impact of a flat
tax on GE)." See also Johnson & Johnson (January 24, 2006) (same); Citigroup
Inc. (January 26, 2006) (same) and Verizon Communications Inc. (January 31,
2006) (same). Likewise, in Niagara Mohawk Holdings, Inc. (March 5, 2001),
no-action relief was granted by the Staff under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) for a proposal
requesting that the company prepare a report on pension-related issues being
considered in federal regulatory and legislative proceedings. See also
Electronic Data Systems Corp. (March 24, 2000) (concurring in the exclusion of a
similar proposal under Rule 14a-8(i)(7)).
Consistent with the proposals discussed above, the Proposal ultimately seeks to
direct Wendy's political and lobbying activities with respect to a specific
agenda of legislative reforms and public policies affecting the operations of
Wendy's. Although the Proposal does not require that the principles for
comprehensive health care reform include any particular characteristics, the act
of adopting principles itself thrusts Wendy's into the political process as it
relates to health care reform since Wendy's is not a health care provider. An
assessment of and approach to regulatory or legislative reforms and public
policies impacting many aspects of Wendy's business is a customary and important
responsibility of management, and is not a proper subject for shareholder
involvement.
Wendy's devotes significant time and resources to monitoring its compliance with
existing laws and participating in the legislative and regulatory process,
including taking positions on legislative policies that are in line with the
best interests of Wendy's and its various stakeholders. This process involves
the study of a number of factors, including the likelihood that lobbying efforts
will be successful and the anticipated effect of specific regulations on Wendy's
financial position and shareholder value. All of the above referenced tasks are
undertaken and handled by the Company on a day-to-day basis as a part of the
Company's ordinary business operations. Only after this detailed process occurs
can the Company make informed and intelligent business decisions on what the
best course of action for the Company should be. Thus, the Proposal contradicts
both central considerations described in the 1998 Release. It would infringe on
management's ability to run the Company on a day-to-day basis and it would
involve shareholders in micro-managing a complex subject in which shareholders,
as a group, would not be in a position to make an informed judgment.
Likewise, decisions as to how and whether to lobby on behalf of particular
legislative or political initiative, or whether to participate otherwise in the
political process by taking an active role in public policy debates on current
or potential legislative initiatives, involve complex decisions implicating the
impact of proposed legislation on Wendy's business, the use of corporate
resources and the interaction of such efforts with other lobbying and public
policy communications by the Company. Shareholders are not positioned to make
such judgments. Rather, determining appropriate legislative and policy reforms
to advocate on behalf of Wendy's and assessing the impact of such reforms are
matters more appropriately addressed by management. Thus, this Proposal
implicates Wendy's ordinary business operations by seeking to involve Wendy's in
a current political debate and potential legislative initiatives.
This Proposal is clearly distinguishable from other proposals that ask companies
to list and report generally on their political activities but that do not
require particular legislative or public policy actions. For example, in
American Telephone and Telegraph Co. (January 11, 1984), the proposal requested
that the company disclose each political contribution made by the company. In
its letter stating that it did not concur that the proposal was excludable, the
Staff viewed the proposal as relating to "general political activities" and not
"activities that relate directly to the [c]ompany's ordinary business." See also
Exxon Mobil Corp. (March 5, 2004) (the Staff did not concur with excluding as
ordinary business a proposal that asked the company to prepare a report on the
company's policies and business rationale for political contributions, the
identity of the person making the decisions about political contributions, and
an accounting of the company's political contributions).
In contrast to the proposals in American Telephone and Telegraph Co. and Exxon
Mobil Corp., here the Proposal focuses on a political hot button topic which is
likely to be accompanied by legislative initiatives applicable to Wendy's
business operations. We also note that health care reform continues to be hotly
debated by all of the current candidates for President of the United States.
Thus, the Proposal is more closely analogous to the proposals that were the
subject of the no-action letters discussed above. Just as with those proposals,
the Proposal here, while framed as a general request for the adoption of
principles related to health care reform, clearly seeks to address Wendy's
activities with respect to public policy and potentially specific legislative
initiatives, namely comprehensive health care reform. The principles established
by existing staff no-action letters, which have uniformly concurred in the
exclusion of a variety of substantially similar stockholder proposals as
ordinary business matters, are fully applicable to exclude the Proposal as a
matter relating to the ordinary business operations of Wendy's.
B. The Proposal involves ordinary business matters because it involves Wendy's
general employee compensation, employee health, medical and other welfare
Benefits.
In addition to the application of Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because the Proposal would
involve Wendy's in public policy discussions regarding specific legislative and
regulatory initiatives, we note that the Staff recently recognized the exclusion
of proposals that likewise invoke Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because they involve employee
benefits, such as health care expenses. In Federated Department Stores, Inc.
(February 26, 2007), Target Corporation (February 27, 2007) and Kohl's Corp.
(January 8, 2007), Federated, Target and Kohl's sought to exclude proposals
relating to the public policy issues of health care expenses. One of the
Proponents, Trinity Health, was also a co-sponsor of the proposal in Federated,
Target and Kohl's. In each of these no-action letters, the Staff granted relief
finding that the proposals dealt with "employee benefits," which are related to
the ordinary business of Federated, Target and Kohl's, respectively. The result
should be no different here. In this regard, the premise of comprehensive health
care championed by the Proposal ultimately impacts the Company's employee
benefits, which fits squarely within the ordinary business of the Company.
Similarly, in Knight-Ridder, Inc. (January 23, 1991), a shareholder requested
that the company prepare a report involving the costs associated with providing
health care. Noting that the proposal involved a decision "relating to the
selection and evaluation of employee health and welfare plans[,]" and which
therefore involve "the Company's ordinary business operations[,]" the Staff
concurred with Knight-Ridder's position that the proposal was excludable because
"decisions relating to the selection and evaluation of employee health and
welfare plans are matters involving the [c]ompany's ordinary business
operations." More recently, the Staff has consistently concurred in the omission
under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) of a variety of proposals regarding general employee
compensation, employee health, medical and other welfare benefits, and the
effect of changes in health insurance costs. See, e.g., Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
(March 24, 2006) (a proposal requesting that the board of directors report on
the public health services used by the company in its domestic operations was
excludable as relating to Wal-Mart's ordinary business operations (i.e.,
employee benefits)); International Business Machines Corporation (January 13,
2005) (granting relief for a proposal requesting a report on the competitive
impact of rising health insurance costs because it related to IBM's ordinary
business operations (i.e., employee benefits)); BellSouth Corporation (January
3, 2005) (excluding a proposal asking the board to increase the pensions of
BellSouth retirees because it related to BellSouth's ordinary business
operations (i.e., employee benefits)); Sprint Corporation (January 28, 2004)
(granting relief pursuant to 14a-8(i)(7) for a proposal seeking a report on the
potential impact on the recruitment and retention of Sprint employees due to
changes in retiree health care and life insurance because it related to Sprint's
ordinary business operations (i.e., general employee benefits)); General Motors
Corporation (March 24, 2005) (excluding a proposal asking General Motors to
establish a committee of directors to develop specific reforms for the health
cost problem because it related to General Motor's ordinary business operations
(i.e., employee benefits)); Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (March 17, 2003) (granting
relief for a proposal asking the board of directors to incorporate increases in
the percentage of Wal-Mart employees covered by its medical health insurance
plan in Wal-Mart's determination of senior executive compensation until
Wal-Mart's coverage rate equals or exceeds that of the national average for
large firms because it related to Wal-Mart's ordinary business operations (i.e.,
general employee benefits)).
Like almost all business considerations, decisions relating to health care
benefits cannot be made independently. Health care benefits are just one
component of the Company's entire compensation package. Each decision with
respect to health care benefits can impact Wendy's ability to attract and retain
employees, and must be made with a full knowledge and understanding of the
competitive business landscape and the impact on the other components of the
overall compensation package. Any change to one benefit would likely impact
other benefits. Management must assess the balance between the costs and
benefits of offering varying levels of compensation and employee benefits,
including health care benefits. Due to the complexity of these issues, the
Company's shareholders, as a group, would not have the general business
expertise or intimate knowledge of Wendy's business and compensation programs to
make any informed judgment on the subject matter of the Company's health care
programs and health care costs from the materials in the requested report. In
order to make an informed decision about health care benefits provided to its
employees, Wendy's management requires the ability and flexibility to conduct
its own review of benefit programs and consider many factors, including the
Company's hiring and retention objectives, the competitive landscape, legal
requirements, available support from third-party administrators and alternatives
available from health care provider networks. These functions are managerial in
nature and fall within the Company's ordinary business operations.
Although the Proposal does not directly link Wendy's day-to-day health care
benefits and the adoption of principles for comprehensive health care reform,
one can only conclude that the principles required to be adopted by the Proposal
will ultimately impact the decision making functions of its management related
to health care and ultimately employee benefits, in general. The adoption of
such principles would no doubt overlap with the methodologies behind its health
care plan designs, the management of the health care benefits that Wendy's
provides to its employees and the costs (and management of costs) of those
benefits. In fact, the Proposal specifically links health care reform and an
employee's health insurance, which suggests that the principles the Proponents
are urging the board of directors to adopt relates to the ordinary business of
Wendy's, namely employee benefits. Accordingly, to the extent that the Proposal
seeks the adoption of principles that impact the management of employee benefits
provided to the Company's workforce, it clearly relates to Wendy's ordinary
business operations of providing employee benefits. As noted above, proposals of
this type have consistently been deemed by the Staff as excludable pursuant to
Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
The Proponents may argue that the Proposal does not request any information on
the design and management of Wendy's health care programs or the specific
principles to be adopted, per se; but on the subject of health care reform and
Wendy's response to the problem of health care costs and health care access and
that, consequently, the Proposal is not excludable because it focuses on
"significant policy issues" which would "transcend the day-to-day business
matters," as described in the 1998 Release. In substance, however, the Proposal
requires Wendy's to adopt specific principles regarding health care, which will
ultimately fall into the category of employee benefits and compensation for the
Company's general workforce and relate to a matter that is, in essence,
managerial in nature. Principles for comprehensive health care reform may not be
adopted without impacting the health care benefits and policies (i.e., employee
benefits) applicable to the employees of Wendy's. As described in Wal-Mart,
International Business Machines and the other matters cited above, the clear
precedent of the Staff has been to reject such arguments with respect to
proposals seeking the same type of report on employee benefits requested in this
Proposal.
It should be further noted that, regardless of whether the Proposal relates to a
significant social policy issue, that aspect of the Proposal is not relevant for
purposes of Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because elements of the Proposal implicate the
Company's ordinary business operations. It has been recognized by the Staff that
a proposal may be excluded in its entirety when it addresses ordinary business
matters, even if the proposal touches upon a significant social policy issue.
See, e.g., General Electric Company (February 10, 2000) (concurring that General
Electric may exclude a proposal requesting that it (i) discontinue an accounting
technique, (ii) not use funds from General Electric's Pension Trust to determine
executive compensation, and (iii) use funds from the trust as intended under
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because a portion of the proposal related to ordinary business
matters (i.e., the choice of accounting methods) and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
(March 15, 1999) (excluding a proposal in its entirety under 14a-8(i)(7) that
requested a report to ensure that the company did not purchase goods from
suppliers using, among other things, forced labor, convict labor and child labor
because the proposal also requested that the report address ordinary business
matters).
The similarity of the subject matter in Knight-Ridder, International Business
Machines and, most recently, in the Federated, Target and Kohl's proposals to
the subject matter of the current Proposal, should lead the Staff to treat the
Proposal no differently and allow Wendy's to exclude the Proposal from its 2008
Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing, Wendy's respectfully requests that the Staff confirm,
at its earliest convenience, that it will not recommend any enforcement action
if the Company excludes the Proposal from the 2008 Proxy Materials for its 2008
Annual Meeting of Shareholders in reliance on Rules 14a-8(i)(3) and 14a-8(i)(6).
To the extent that any of the foregoing reasons for omitting the proposal are
based on matters of law, this letter shall constitute the opinion of counsel as
may be required by any of the applicable proxy rules. As noted above, the
Company presently anticipates mailing its 2008 Proxy Materials for the 2008
Annual Meeting of Shareholders on or about March 10, 2008. Final 2008 Proxy
Materials will need to be submitted for printing on or about March 5, 2008. We
would appreciate a response from the Staff in time for the Company to meet this
schedule. In order to facilitate delivery of the Staffs response to this letter,
the Staff's decision may be sent by facsimile to the Proponents at (414)
271-0637 and (718) 504-4787 and to the Company at (614) 764-3243.
If the Staff has any questions or comments regarding this filing, or if
additional information is required in support of the Company's position, please
feel free to contact me.
Sincerely,
/s/
Leon M. McCorkle, Jr.
Executive Vice President,
General Counsel and Secretary
Enclosures
cc: Trinity Health
Province of Saint Joseph of the Capuchin Order
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 The Proponent in Brunswick challenged the SEC's determinations that its
proposals could be excluded as ordinary business. The Southern District of New
York denied the proponent's motion, upholding the Commission's determination
that the proposal could be excluded as ordinary business. See New York City
Employees' Retirement System v. Brunswick Corp., 789 F. Supp. 144 (S.D.N.Y.
1992).
[APPENDIX 1]
November 9, 2007
Kerrii B. Anderson
Wendy's International, Inc.
PO Box 256
Dublin, OH 43017-0256
Dear Ms. Anderson,
Trinity Health, the beneficial owner of over $2000 worth of shares of common
stock in Wendy's International, Inc., Inc. looks for social and environmental as
well as financial accountability in its investments.
Health care reform has been called the most critical domestic social issue of
our day. Wendy's as a large employer can play a positive role in the national
effort for universal access to quality health care that is accessible,
affordable and provides for accountability and equitable financing for all
stakeholders.
Proof of ownership of common stock in Wendy's International, Inc., Inc. is
enclosed. Trinity Health has held stock in Wendy's continuously for over one
year and intends to retain the requisite number of shares through the date of
the Annual Meeting.
Acting on behalf of Trinity Health, I am authorized to notify you of Trinity
Health's intention to present the enclosed proposal for consideration and action
by the stockholders at the next annual meeting, and I hereby submit it for
inclusion in the proxy statement in accordance with Rule 14-a-8 of the General
Rules and Regulations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
This proposal is the same one being filed by the Province of St. Joseph of the
Capuchin Order (Rev. Michael Crosby, OFM, CAP, 414-271-0735). We look forward to
a constructive dialogue on this issue.
Sincerely,
/s/
Catherine Rowan
Corporate Responsibility Consultant, representing Trinity Health
enc
[APPENDIX 2]
HEALTH CARE REFORM PRINCIPLES
RESOLVED: shareholders urge the Board of Directors to adopt principles for
comprehensive health care reform (such as those based upon principles reported
by the Institute of Medicine:
1. Health care coverage should be universal.
2. Health care coverage should be continuous.
3. Health care coverage should be affordable to individuals and families.
4. The health insurance strategy should be affordable and sustainable for
society.
5. Health insurance should enhance health and well being by promoting access to
high-quality care that is effective, efficient, safe, timely, patient-centered,
and equitable).
Consistently polls show that access to affordable, comprehensive health care
insurance is the most significant social policy issue in America (NBC News/Wall
Street Journal, the Kaiser Foundation and The New York Times/CBS News). Health
care reform also has become a core issue in the 2008 presidential campaign.
Many national organizations have made health care reform a priority. In 2007,
representing "a stark departure from past practice," the American Cancer Society
redirected its entire $15 million advertising budget "to the consequences of
inadequate health coverage" in the United States (New York Times, 8/31/07).
John Castellani, president of the Business Roundtable (representing 160 of the
country's largest companies), states that 52% of the Business Roundtable's
members say health costs represent their biggest economic challenge. "The cost
of health care has put a tremendous weight on the U.S. economy," according to
Castellani, "The current situation is not sustainable in a global, competitive
workplace." (BusinessWeek, July 3, 2007). The National Coalition on Health Care
(whose members include 75 of the United States' largest publicly-held companies,
institutional investors and labor unions), also has created principles for
health insurance reform. According to the National Coalition on Health Care,
implementing its principles would save employers presently providing health
insurance coverage an estimated $595-$848 billion in the first 10 years of
implementation.
Annual surcharges as high as $1160 for the uninsured are added to the total cost
of each employee's health insurance, according to Kenneth Thorpe, a leading
health economist at Emory University. Consequently, we shareholders believe that
the 47 million Americans without health insurance results in higher costs for
Wendy's International, Inc. and other U.S. companies providing health insurance
to their employees.
In our view, increasing health care costs have focused growing public awareness
and media coverage on the plight of active and retired workers struggling to pay
for medical care. Increasing health care costs leads companies to shift costs to
employees. This can reduce employee productivity, health and morale. We also
believe rising healthcare costs borne by the company have an adverse affect on
shareholder value.
Supporting Statement
The Institute of Medicine, established by Congress as part of the National
Academy of Sciences, issued its principles for reforming health insurance
coverage in Insuring America's Health: Principles and Recommendations (2004). We
believe principles for health care reform, such as the IOM's, are essential if
public confidence in our company's commitment to its employees' health care
coverage is to be maintained. We ask shareholders to support this resolution.
[INQUIRY LETTER]
January24, 2008
Office of Chief Counsel, Division of Corporation Finance
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, DC 20549
Re: Wendy's International, Inc.'s Request to Exclude Proposal Submitted by
Trinity Health and the Province of Saint Joseph of the Capuchin Order
Dear Sir/Madam:
This letter is submitted in response to a previous letter to the Commission from
Wendy's International, Inc. ("Wendy's" or the "Company"), dated December 20,
2007, claiming that the Company may exclude the shareholder proposal
("Proposal") of Trinity Health and the Province of Saint Joseph of the Capuchin
Order (the "Proponents") from its 2008 proxy materials.
Introduction
Proponent's shareholder proposal to Wendy's urges:
the Board of Directors to adopt principles for comprehensive health care reform
(such as those based upon principles reported by the Institute of Medicine:
1. Health care coverage should be universal.
2. Health care coverage should be continuous.
3. Health care coverage should be affordable to individuals and families.
4. The health insurance strategy should be affordable and sustainable for
society.
5. Health insurance should enhance health and well being by promoting access to
high quality care that is effective, efficient, safe, timely, patient-centered,
and equitable).
Wendy's argues that the Proposal is excludable because:
"The Proposal is so vague and indefinite as to be materially misleading."
[Rule 14a-8(i)(3)]
"The Company would lack the power and authority to implement the Proposal ..."
[Rule 14a-8(i)(6)]
"The Proposal deals with a matter relating to the Company's ordinary business
operations." [Rule 14a-8(i)(7)]
Wendy's maintains that the Proposal may be excluded since it raises ordinary
business matters that would involve the Company in political or legislative
initiatives. The Company also asserts that the Proposal is "vague and
misleading" because it is "a publicly traded company in the quick serve
restaurant industry" with "no health care based influence (sic)." Finally,
Wendy's argues that since it "does not have the ability or the authority to
implement principles of comprehensive health care reform," it lacks the power
and authority to implement the Proposal. The Company is in error on each of
these points.
The Proposal, in fact, is a clearly stated request to the Wendy's Board of
Directors to adopt principles on the significant social policy issue of health
care reform. Citing past staff decisions involving IBM, however, Wendy's seeks
to exclude this Proposal. Yet IBM and Bristol-Meyers Squibb, which each received
the same shareholder proposal for 2008 that Wendy's now opposes, recently
adopted principles for health care reform.1 The same IOM Principles that Wendy's
says are not able to be accepted were adopted en toto by Medco's Board of
Directors on January 11, 2008. This was done in response to virtually the same
resolution submitted Medco by the Province of St. Joseph of the Capuchin Order,
one of the two proponents of the same "resolved" to Wendy's.
As outlined in detail below, past decisions of the Staff do not support Wendy's
argument. A careful reading of the Proposal demonstrates that its terms are
clear and that it urges the Board of Directors to adopt Wendy's own principles
on a significant social policy issue, just as other proposals have done on
another significant public issue: labor and human rights. In sum, the Proposal
carefully focuses on a significant social policy issue and it belongs on the
Wendy's proxy for 2008.
The Proposal is not excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), as an ordinary business
matter, because it focuses on a significant social policy issue that transcends
the day-to-day business matters of the Company.
A. Health care reform is a significant social policy issue.
The Commission stated in Exchange Act Release No. 40018 that "proposals that
relate to ordinary business matters but that focus on "sufficiently significant
social policy issues...would not be excludable, because the proposals would
transcend day-to-day business matters...." The Proposal before Wendy's is just
such a proposal. It urges the Board of Directors to adopt principles for health
care reform based upon principles reported by the nation's leading authority on
health care issues, the Institute of Medicine. The Proposal does not ask the
Company to provide any information or reports on its internal operations nor how
it will implement the specifics of the Principles vis-|pi|wa-vis public policy.
Instead, it asks the Company to focus externally on health care reform as a
significant social policy issue affecting the Company and the public's health.
Health care reform is, in fact, one of the most important domestic issues in
America. Public opinion polls by The Wall Street Journal/NBC News, the Kaiser
Foundation, the Associated Press,2 the Commonwealth Fund3 and The New York Times
all document its significance. The November 2007 Wall Street Journal/NBC News
poll, for example, reported 52% of Americans "say the economy and health care
are most important to them in choosing a president, compared with 34% who cite
terrorism and social and moral issues.... That is the reverse of the percentages
recorded just before the 2004 election. The poll also shows that voters see
health care eclipsing the Iraq war for the first time as the issue most urgently
requiring a new approach." 4
Many businesses now cite health care costs as their biggest economic challenge.
John Castellani, president of the Business Roundtable, has called health care
reform a top priority for business and Congressional action." 5 In September,
the CEOs of Kelly Services and Pitney Bowes, Inc, together with GE's Global
Health Director, called on Congress to enact health care reform.6 They joined
other leading business coalitions, including the National Coalition on Health
Care and the National Business Group on Health. The latter's membership consists
of 245 major companies, including 60 of the Fortune 100.7 Each organization
maintains that the cost of health care for business is now greater than it
should be and will continue to rise as long as 47 million Americans who have no
health insurance remain without coverage.
Other leading business organizations have recently announced their support for
health care reform: Divided We Fail, a coalition of the AARP, the Business
Roundtable, the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) and the National
Federation of Independent Business, states that it will "make access to quality,
affordable health care and long-term financial security top issues in the
national political debate." 8 In addition, Wal-Mart has joined with SEIU,
calling on Congress to enact health care reform.9
Underscoring the significance of health care reform as a major social policy
issue in 2007, the American Cancer Society has taken the unprecedented step of
redirecting its entire $15 million advertising budget "to the consequences of
inadequate health care coverage" in the United States.10
B. The Proposal focuses on principles for health care reform as a significant
social policy issue, not as a matter of internal risk assessment.
The Proposal urges the Company to adopt a statement of principles for health
care reform. It neither asks for a report on this significant social policy
issue, nor does it require any assessment of internal matters of risk affecting
the Company. The Proposal, in fact, is more akin to proposals that have called
upon companies to adopt a code of conduct dealing with human rights. Such codes
are statements of principles that guide a company in dealing with the
significant social policy issue of human rights. The Staff has decided that such
proposals are not excludable as matters relating to ordinary business operations
under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). In both McDonald's Corporation, 2007 SEC No-Act. LEXIS
378 (March 22, 2007), and Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2004 SEC No-Act. LEXIS
806 (October 26, 2004), companies cited "ordinary business operations," to
exclude proposals calling for the adoption of a company code of conduct. The
Staff denied each company's request.
Wendy's narrowly characterizes the Proposal here as an attempt to "micro-manage"
the Company." But the plain language of the Proposal and the Supporting
Statement describe the broadest possible approach to "health care reform" in the
context of a significant social policy affecting the Company and the nation in
the form of Principles, not micro-managed concretization of those Principles.
The Principles are to be the basis for subsequent and varied proposals that will
be forthcoming. The Proposal describes "universal" coverage of all Americans and
repeatedly speaks in terms of businesses in the U.S. and the global economy. It
cites research from one of the nation's leading health economists, Dr. Kenneth
Thorpe, that shows companies pay as much as $1,160 in surcharges for each
insured employee to cover the costs of medical care delivered to the 47 million
Americans who are uninsured.11 The Supporting Statement also describes Dr.
Thorpe's finding that universal health insurance coverage would save employers
presently providing health insurance an estimated $595-$848 billion in the first
10 years of implementation.12
Just as the human rights proposals in McDonald's Corporation and Costco
Wholesale Corporation involved companies in the U.S. and the global economy and
the significant social policy issue of human rights, the Proposal here focuses
on the Company in the U.S. and the global economy and health care as a
significant social policy issue.
C. While proposals calling for reports on health care have generally been
excluded as matters involving an analysis of internal risk, Proponent's Proposal
calls for an entirely different measure: the adoption of principles for health
care reformon a matter of significant social policy.
The Company cites International Business Machines Corporation, 2002 SEC No-Act.
LEXIS 85 (January 21, 2002), in support of its request to exclude the Proposal.
IBM, in fact, received a nearly identical proposal for inclusion in its 2008
proxy. Unlike Wendy's, however, IBM chose not to file a No-Action Letter with
the Commission. Instead, IBM began a dialogue with proponents. IBM and the
proponents reached an agreement on the text of a letter that IBM sent to the
proponents (Attachment "A"), describing its principles for health care reform.13
Bristol-Meyers Squibb ("Bristol-Meyers") received a nearly identical proposal to
Proponent's, calling for the adoption of principles for health care reform.
After a dialogue with proponents of the resolution, Bristol-Meyers withdrew its
request to the Commission for a No-Action Letter to exclude the Proposal, citing
Rule 14a-8(i)(7).14 Bristol-Meyers has now posted its statement of principles
for health care reform on its website.15 Medco's Board of Directors has also
acted on the virtually same shareholder resolution filed by the Province of St.
Joseph of the Capuchin Order and endorsed the Principles.
In Ford Motor Company, 2007 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 296 (March 1, 2007), the Staff
agreed that a proposal requesting that the board prepare a report "examining the
implications of rising health care expenses and how Ford is addressing this
issue without compromising the health and productivity of its workforce" could
not be excluded as ordinary business under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). The proposal
requested a report focused exclusively on health care costs as a significant
social policy issue. Both the proposal and the supporting statement contained
extensive documentation on health care costs. Both carefully framed the issue as
one that in no way involved reporting on the internal risks posed to Ford's
ordinary business, including its employee benefits operations.
The Company, however, cites Staff decisions on proposals that centered on
matters of internal risk assessment and company finances relating to employee
benefits plans. Target Corporation, 2007 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 290, (February 27,
2007) was a proposal calling for "a board report examining the implications of
rising health care expenses and how Target is addressing this issue without
compromising the health and productivity of its workforce." Kohl's Corporation,
2007 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 5 (January 8, 2007) and Federated Department Stores,
Inc., 2007 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 233 (February 26, 2007), involved the same
proposal, calling for reports on health care costs at each company. Unlike the
Proponent's Proposal, which calls for the adoption of principles on a
significant social policy issue, the health care reports called for by the
proposals in Target Corporation, Kohl's Corporation and Federated Department
Stores, Inc. would have required each company to conduct internal risk
assessments.
D. The Proposal urges the Board to adopt principles on a significant social
policy issue, not to engage the Company in the political and legislative
process.
The Company would have the Commission believe that the Proposal requires Wendy's
to engage in "the political or legislative process" on "a matter of ordinary
business." The Company is wrong on both counts. First, as Proponent has
demonstrated above, the Proposal urges the Board of Directors to adopt
principles on a significant social policy issue, health care reform. The
evidence continues to mount that health care reform is a significant social
policy issue.16 Indeed, Bristol- Meyers Squibb, which initially sought the
Commission's approval to exclude a nearly identical proposal on ordinary
business grounds, has withdrawn its request and has adopted principles for
health care reform. IBM, which has successfully opposed proposals calling for
reports on health care costs and lobbying by the company, began a dialogue with
proponents that resulted in a statement of principles for health care reform.
Medco has adopted the same Principles in response to a shareholder proposal
submitted by the Province of St. Joseph of the Capuchin Order, the main
proponent of this resolution to Wendys.
Second, the Proposal in no way urges the Company to involve itself in the
political or legislative process. Instead, it merely urges the Board of
Directors to adopt principles on this significant social policy issue, just as
IBM, Bristol-Meyers Squibb and Medco have now done. The Company, however, citing
Chrysler Corporation, 1992 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 143 (February 10, 1992)
mischaracterizes the Proposal as one calling for the Company to participate in
the legislative or political process. But in Chrysler, the proposal specifically
called for lobbying.17 Proponent makes no such request.
International Business Machines Corporation, 2002 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 85 (January
21, 2002), also cited by the Company, involved a proposal that called upon IBM
to "share with its stockholders the estimated average annual cost for employee
health benefits in the United States versus the next five countries with the
largest number of IBM employees" and commence a lobbying campaign for national
health insurance. Proponent's Proposal contains nothing that would require the
sharing of health benefits costs information with shareholders. Nor is there any
request to the Company to commence a lobbying campaign for national health
insurance. Instead, the Proposal asks the Company to adopt a statement of
principles for health care reform. While the Proposal does state Proponent's
opinion that health care reform is a significant issue in the presidential
campaign of 2008, it merely requests the Board to adopt principles for health
care reform. It contains no request for other action. It is entirely up to the
Company's Board of Directors and management to take any actions they may deem
necessary on health care reform or, for that matter, on any other matter
relating to its internal operations with respect to health care benefits.
Proponents make no request for a report or data regarding Wendy's health
benefits operations, nor do they call upon the Company to join with any other
company to participate in the political or legislative process. Instead, like
other significant social policy proposals on human rights, it calls upon the
Company to adopt principles on a significant social policy issue. McDonald's
Corporation, 2007 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 378 (March 22, 2007); Costco Wholesale
Corporation, 2004 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 806 (October 26, 2004).
III. The Proposal is clear and unambiguous, and Wendy's has failed to
demonstrate that the Proposal is so inherently vague and indefinite as to be
misleading.
Wendy's notes that, unlike the Institute of Medicine, it is a publicly traded
company in the quick serve restaurant industry." The Company then
mischaracterizes the Proposal as "comparing Wendy's to `national organizations,'
such as the American Cancer Society and the National Coalition on Health Care.
Since "Wendy's was created by Dave Thomas to sell hamburgers," the Company
argues, these facts render the Proposal "vague and indefinite as to be
materially misleading." It does not mention that all those involved in selling
hamburgers have health care needs that must be met, like all other employees.
This is the reason for a "universal" approach to the issue.
The Company's argument appears to be based upon a misreading of the Proposal and
the Commission's Rules and Staff decisions. The Proposal in no way equates the
Institute of Medicine with Wendy's. It merely urges the Company to adopt
principles on a significant social policy issue that affects all businesses,
including Wendy's and, indeed, the American people.
The Company cites H.J. Heinz Company, 2001 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 587 (May 25, 2001),
in support of its claim that the Proposal is "vague and indefinite." The
proposal before Heinz called for full implementation of the Council on Economic
Priorities' Social Accountability Standard 5A8000, a complicated process that
would have applied to the entire operations of the company. The Proposal before
Wendy's is more akin to the human rights proposals that presented in McDonald's
Corporation, 2007 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 378 (March 22, 2007), and Costco Wholesale
Corporation, 2004 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 806 (October 26, 2004). Those proposals
called for the adoption of a company-wide code of conduct based upon the
International Labor Organization Standards. There was no attempt to require a
specific standard as in H.J. Heinz Company, or a complicated implementation
process involving the company's ordinary business operations.
Peabody Energy Corporation, SEC No-Action Letter, 2006 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 316
(March 8, 2006), and E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, 2004 SEC No-Act. LEXIS
262 (February 11, 2004), also involved adoption of company-wide human rights and
labor standards that were based upon the ILO Standards. The Staff found neither
proposal vague or indefinite.
The terms of the ILO Standard in McDonald's, as the terms of the Institute of
Medicine's Principles for Health Care Reform, were merely cited as a point of
reference for the company to design its own code or principles.
The Institute of Medicine's Principles are well defined and well regarded.
Indeed, the Institute of Medicine itself was established by the Congress to
articulate and define the significant social policy issue of health care reform.
It has done so and, as in the case of the ILO Standards before McDonald's,
Wendy's has a well-established set of principles upon which to base its own
principles for health care reform.
IBM, for example, after receiving a nearly identical proposal to Wendy's, sent a
letter to describing its own principles for health care reform, while
Bristol-Meyers Squibb posted a statement of principles for health care reform on
its website.18 IBM, Bristol-Meyers Squibb and Medco have each adopted the plain
meaning of the words of the Institute of Medicine's Principles for their own
corporate principles for health care reform and, Proponent submits, so can
Wendy's.
IV. The plain language of the Proposal unambiguously urges Wendy's Board of
Directors to adopt a statement of principles on a significant social policy
issue and the Company clearly has the power and authority to do so.
Wendy's argues that it lacks the power and authority to implement the Proposal
[Rule 14a-8(i)(6)] because it sets forth vague and general objectives. The plain
language of the Proposal, however, urges the Board of Directors to adopt
principles for health care reform based upon the principles reported by the
Institute of Medicine (IOM). It then spells out the IOM's principles, which are
stated clearly and concisely. The IOM report, Insuring America's Health:
Principles and Recommendations (2004), is cited in the Supporting Statement,
together with a brief description of the IOM as an institution established by
the Congress as a part of the National Academy of Sciences. The plain language
of the Proposal makes it clear what is being requested of the Board of
Directors: they are free to choose to adopt the language of the IOM's
Principles, or they can adopt a variation based upon those principles. Equally
important, the Proposal does not attempt to micromanage the Board of Directors
or management. Once the principles for health care reform are adopted by the
Board of Directors, the Proposal requests no other action.
IBM and Bristol-Meyers Squibb have each demonstrated that the Proposal before
Wendy's is not only clear and specific, but well within the power and authority
of the Company to implement it.
Wendy's, however, cites Dyer v. SEC, 287 F.2d 773, 781 (8th Cir. 1961) as
support for excluding the Proposal as "vague and indefinite." Proponents do not
dispute the SEC's authority to permit companies to exclude proposals as vague
and indefinite and, consequently, "impossible for either the board of directors
or the shareholders at large to comprehend precisely" what a proposal would
entail." In Dyer, the proposal called for
the company try to do a little better in its stockholder relations, and to that
end set up a separate office, distinct and apart from the Secretary's office,
and not under the jurisdiction of the Secretary, to handle, under a competent
Stockholder Relations Officer, the stockholder relations of the company'. 287
F.2d 773, 781
By contrast, the Proposal before Wendy's is clear and direct. The Proposal urges
adoption of principles on a significant social policy issue and offers a clearly
stated, well-respected authority upon which the Wendy's Board may base its own
statement of principles.
Wendy's also cites NYC Employees' Retirement System v. Brunswick Corp., 789 F.
Supp. 144 (S.D.N.Y. 1002), but that decision, permitting the company top exclude
the proposal, involved a proposal so complicated, as the Court described it:
The Proposal as drafted is vague and misleading. By its terms it would require
Brunswick to establish a committee that would prepare a report to the
shareholders 1) comparing the health standards, methods of administration,
costs, and financing of health care plans in all countries in which Brunswick
has subsidiaries or business offices, and 2) describing to the shareholders any
aspects of governmental policy affecting those plans which should be included in
the development of a national health insurance plan in the United States. There
is no limitation on the number or size of health care plans to be studied. 789
F. Supp at 146
The Proposal before Wendy's is, by contrast, clear and precise: it merely calls
for the adoption of a statement of principles on health care reform. The Board
of Directors has the power and authority to adopt it own statement of principles
on health care reform. The Proposal represents no attempt whatsoever to
micromanage the Company.
Finally, Wendy's notes that the Company "is not a political entity" and
therefore has no power to directly or indirectly implement principles for
comprehensive health care reform. Wendy's is certainly not a political entity.
But this fact has nothing at all to do with the Company's power and authority to
adopt a statement of principles on a significant social policy issue. The
Proposal does not ask the Board of Directors to implement comprehensive health
care reform. The Proposal only asks the Company's Board of Directors to adopt a
statement of principles on health care reform, just as IBM and Bristol-Meyers
Squibb have done.
V. Conclusion
Wendy's has failed to meet its burden of demonstrating that it is entitled to
exclude the Proposal under Rule 14a-8(g).
The Proposal is inherently a significant social policy issue that transcends
day-to-day business matters at Wendy's. It is, therefore, not excludable under
Rules 14a-(i)(7) and 14a-8(j).
The Proposal, like others reviewed by the Staff that have dealt with significant
social policy issues, such as human and labor rights, is clear. It may not be
excluded under Rules 14a-8(i)(3) and 14a-8(j).
Wendy's has the requisite competence, power and authority to implement the
Proposal. Staff decisions on similar proposals dealing with the adoption of
principles for human rights have denied requests to exclude under Rules
14a8(i)(6) and 14a-8(j).
Consequently, since Wendy's has failed to meet its burden of demonstrating that
it is entitled to exclude the Proposal under Rule 14a-8(g), the Proposal should
come before Wendy's shareholders at the 2008 Annual Meeting.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please do not hesitate
to call me at 414.406.1265. I am sending this by e-mail but also am sending
this, under separate cover, in the form of six copies for the Staff, and I am
sending a copy to Counsel for the Company.
Sincerely,
/s/
(Rev) Michael H. Crosby, OFMCap.
Province of St. Joseph, OFMCap.
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 Letter from Heather L. Maples, Special Counsel, Division of Corporation
Finance, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to Amy L. Goodman, Gibson, Dunn
and Crutcher LLP, January 10, 2008. Bristol-Meyers Squibb website posting:
http://www.bms.com/sr/key_issues/content/data/reform.html;1 Letter from Randy
MacDonald, Senior Vice President, Human Resources, IBM Corporation, to Dan
Pedrotty, Director, AFL-CIO Office of Investment, December 12, 2007 (attached).
2 Associated Press, December 28, 2007, "Issues rated as `extremely important' in
November [2007], and how that sentiment has changed [in December 2007]: Health
care: 48 percent then, 53 percent now." Associated_Press-Yahoo News survey of
1,821 adults was conducted Dec. 14-20, 2007; overall margin of sampling error of
plus or minus 2.3 percentage points
3 Commonwealth Fund, "The Public's Views on Health Care Reform in the 2008
Presidential Election," January 15, 2008: 86% of Americans surveyed say health
care reform will be "somewhat important" (24%) or "very important" (62%).
4 The Wall Street Journal, December 4, 2007, p A1.
5 "Business Roundtable Unveils Principles for Health Care Reform," Press
Release, June 6, 2007,
http://www.businessroundtable.org//newsroom/document.aspx?qs=5886BF807822B0F19D5448322FB51711FCF50C8.
Accessed December 4, 2007.
6 Presentations by Carl Camden, CEO, Kelly Services; Michael Critelli, Chairman
and CEO, Pitney Bowes, Inc. and Robert Galvin, M.D., Director, Global Health,
General Electric Corporation, at Conference on Business and National Health Care
Reform, sponsored by the Century Foundation and the Commonwealth Fund,
Washington, DC, September 14, 2007.
7 "National Health Care Reform: the Position of the National Business Group on
Health," National Business Group on Health, Washington, DC (July, 2006),
http://www.businessgrouphealth.org/pdfs/ nationalhealthcarereformpositionstatement.pdf.
(Accessed December 4, 2007).
8 The Wall Street Journal, November 13, 2007, p. B4.
9 The New York Times, February 7, 2007.
10 The New York Times, August 31, 2007.
11 Kenneth Thorpe, Ph.D., cited in "Paying A Premium: The Added Cost of Care for
the Uninsured," (Families USA, Washington, DC: June 2005), p.4.
12 Kenneth Thorpe, Ph.D., "Impacts of Health Reform: Projections of Costs and
Savings," (National Coalition on Health Care, Washington, DC: 2005), p.14.
13 Letter from Randy MacDonald, Senior Vice President, Human Resources, IBM, to
Daniel F. Pedrotty, Director, Office of Investment, AFL-CIO, December 12, 2007.
14 Letter from Heather L. Maples, Special Counsel, Division of Corporation
Finance, US Securities and Exchange Commission, to Amy L. Goodman, Gibson, Dunn
and Crutcher LLP, January 10, 2008. Bristol-Meyers also cited Rule 14a-8(i)(3)
and Rule 14a-8(i)(10).
15 Bristol-Meyers Squibb website posting:
http://www.bms.com/sr/key_issues/content/data/reform.html (Accessed January 18,
2008).
16 Associated Press, December 28, 2007, "Issues rated as `extremely important'
in November [2007], and how that sentiment has changed [in December 2007]:
Health care: 48 percent then, 53 percent now." Associated Press-Yahoo News
survey of 1,821 adults was conducted Dec. 14-20, 2007; overall margin of
sampling error of plus or minus 2.3 percentage points. Commonwealth Fund, "The
Public's Views on Health Care Reform in the 2008 Presidential Election," January
15, 2008: 86% of Americans surveyed say health care reform will be "somewhat
important" (24%) or "very important" (62%).
17 "ONE or more Chrysler officers and/or directors SHALL actively support and
lobby for UNIVERSAL HEALTH coverage (sic)..." Chrysler Corporation, 1992 SEC
No-Act. LEXIS 143 (February 10, 1992).
18 Id.
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
February13, 2008
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: Wendy's International, Inc. Incoming letter dated December 20, 2007
The proposal urges the board of directors to adopt principles for health care
reform, such as those based upon principles specified in the proposal.
We are unable to concur in your view that Wendy's may exclude the proposal under
rule 14a-8(i)(3). Accordingly, we do not believe that Wendy's may omit the
proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(3).
We are unable to concur in your view that Wendy's may exclude the proposal under
rule 14a-8(i)(6). Accordingly, we do not believe that Wendy's may omit the
proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(6).
We are unable to concur in your view that Wendy's may exclude the proposal under
rule 14a-8(i)(7). Accordingly, we do not believe that Wendy's may omit the
proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(7).
Sincerely,
/s/
Eduardo Aleman
Attorney-Adviser
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