Company Name: Pulte Homes, Inc.
Public Availability Date: February 11, 2008
Document Sections:INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 28, 2007
By Federal Express
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Omission of Shareholder Proposal Submitted by The Nathan Cummings Foundation
and Co-Filers
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are counsel to Pulte Homes, Inc. ("Pulte" or the "Company") and, on behalf of
Pulte, we respectfully request that the staff of the Division of Corporation
Finance (the "Staff") concur that it will not recommend enforcement action if
Pulte omits a shareholder proposal and supporting statement (the "Proposal")
submitted by The Nathan Cummings Foundation, together with Domini Social
Investments, Providence Trust, the General Board of Pension and Health Benefits
of the United Methodist Church and SEIU Master Trust (collectively, the
"Proponents") for the reasons set forth below. The Proponents seek to include
the Proposal in Pulte's proxy materials for the 2008 annual meeting of
shareholders (the "2008 Proxy"). The Proposal requests that Pulte's Board of
Directors provide to shareholders a climate change report on the feasibility of
developing policies that will minimize Pulte's impacts upon climate change, with
a focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from Pulte's products and
operations.
Pulte received copies of the Proposal from the Proponents dated November 26,
2007, November 29, 2007, November 30, 2007, December 4, 2007 and December 5,
2007, respectively. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j), Pulte is submitting six paper
copies of the Proposal and an explanation as to why Pulte believes that it may
exclude the Proposal from the 2008 Proxy. A copy is being submitted to each of
the Proponents simultaneously. For your review, we have attached a copy of the
entire Proposal as Appendix A. Pulte appreciates the Staff's consideration and
time spent reviewing this no action request.
For purposes of our discussion, a key portion of the Proposal reads as follows:
With residential end-use accounting for such a high proportion of GHG emissions
stemming from fossil fuel combustion, a number of recent studies have focused on
energy efficiency improvements in residential dwellings as a potential source of
emission reductions. .... A second McKinsey study concluded that the residential
sector represents the single-largest opportunity to raise energy productivity,
noting that, "The adoption of available technologies (including high-efficiency
building shells, compact fluorescent lighting, and high-efficiency water
heating) would cut ... end-use demand for energy by 32 QBTUs in 2020, equivalent
to 5 percent of global end-user demand in that year."
Resolved:
Shareholders request that by December 31, 2008 the Board of Directors provide a
climate change report, prepared at reasonable cost and omitting proprietary
information, on the feasibility of our company developing policies that will
minimize its impacts upon climate change, with a focus on reducing greenhouse
gas emissions from the company's products and operations.
As described below, the Company believes that the Proposal may be omitted
because it relates to the Company's ordinary business operations.
The Proposal Relates to Pulte's Ordinary Business OperationsRule
14a-8(i)(7).
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7), a shareholder proposal may be omitted from a
company's proxy materials if the proposal "deals with a matter relating to the
company's ordinary business operations." In Exchange Act Release No. 34-40018
(available May 21, 1998) (the "1998 Release"), the Commission stated that the
ordinary business exclusion under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) rests on two central
considerations: The first is that "certain tasks are so fundamental to
management's ability to run a company on a day-to-day basis that they could not,
as a practical matter, be subject to direct shareholder oversight." The second
consideration relates to the degree to which the proposal seeks to
"micro-manage" the company by probing too deeply into matters of a complex
nature upon which shareholders, as a group, would not be in a position to make
an informed judgment. Furthermore, in a 1983 release, the Staff stated that
merely requesting that the registrant prepare a special report will not remove
the proposal from the ordinary business grounds for exclusion. See Exchange Act
Release No. 34-20091 (available Aug. 16, 1983). The Proposal at issue affects
Pulte's ordinary business operations and seeks to "micro-manage" Pulte's
essential business functions.
While proposals relating to ordinary business operations generally are
excludable under 14a-8(i)(7), the Commission has made an exception to this
general rule for proposals that might touch on ordinary business operations, but
truly focus on significant issues of social policy. In the 1998 Release, the
Commission noted that such proposals focusing on "sufficiently significant
social policy issues ... would not be considered to be excludable, because the
proposals would transcend the day-to-day business matters...."
While the Proposal has been cast in language suggesting a focus primarily on
significant social policy issues, the Company believes the Proposal is instead,
at its core, focused on the ordinary business matters of internal assessments of
costs and potential revenues or losses related to Pulte's choice of products,
raw materials and technologies. Although the Proposal requests that Pulte's
Board of Directors provide a "climate change report" on the "feasibility of our
company developing policies that will minimize its impacts upon climate change"
(a seemingly social-policy focused request), the "feasibility of developing
policies" for minimizing the impacts upon climate change is in fact a report on
the feasibility of developing policies with respect to the selection and
availability of particular products, raw materials and building technologies in
view of local building codes, zoning requirements and other requirements of
local municipalities, as well as current market conditions, customer preferences
and competitive factors.
There is little question that the Proponents believe it is "feasible" for
companies serving the residential sector to minimize their respective impacts
upon climate change by adopting policies requiring the use of available
technologies. In fact, this is presupposed by the Proponents, as evidenced by
the inclusion of studies such as the McKinsey studies cited in the Proposal's
supporting statement. The Proposal cites, for example: "The adoption of
available technologies (including high-efficiency building shells, compact
fluorescent lighting, and high-efficiency water heating) would cut ... end-use
demand for energy by 32 QBTUs in 2020, equivalent to 5 percent of global
end-user demand in that year." This, however, cannot be the type of feasibility
analysis that is sought by the Proposal. Instead, any such feasibility analysis
must focus not only on the impact of the use of available technologies on
climate change, but, of necessity, on local building codes, zoning requirements
and other requirements of local municipalities, as well as current market
conditions, customer preferences, competitive factors and a cost-benefit
evaluation with respect to the selection of the Company's product offerings,
choice and availability of raw materials and building technologies. These are
matters that clearly are within Pulte's ordinary business operations and are
fundamental to management's ability to run the Company on a day-to-day basis.
Thus, the proposal seeks the direct involvement of shareholders in management's
judgments with respect to the Company's ordinary business operations.
That the Proposal's focus is, at its core, on economic matters is further
acknowledged by a statement in the transmittal letter from The Nathan Cummings
Foundation, which states in relevant part, "the Foundation believes that the way
in which a company approaches major public policy issues has important
implications for long-term shareholder value. It is with these considerations in
mind that we submit this resolution...."
Judgments concerning the selection of products to be sold and raw materials to
be used are inherently based on complex business considerations that are outside
the knowledge and expertise of shareholders and fall within Pulte's ordinary
business operations. The Staff has concurred with this view in numerous
no-action requests. See, e.g., Walgreen Co. (Oct. 13, 2006) (permitting
exclusion of a proposal requesting a report on the use of carcinogens and
harmful chemicals in the company's private label cosmetics and personal care
products lines and describing options for using safer alternatives); Wal-Mart
Stores, Inc. (Mar. 24, 2006) (permitting exclusion of a proposal requesting a
report evaluating the company's policies and procedures for minimizing
customers' exposure to toxic substances in products); Seaboard Corporation (Mar.
3, 2003) (permitting exclusion of proposal requesting a report on use of
antibiotics by company's hog suppliers); Kmart Corporation (Feb. 23, 1993)
(permitting exclusion of a proposal that a company subsidiary stop sales of
violent and/or sexually explicit literature and media); and The Kroger Co. (Mar.
23, 1992) (permitting exclusion of a proposal relating to products and product
lines retailed by the company including the choice of processes and supplies
used in the preparation of its products).
For Pulte specifically, the evaluation and selection of product offerings and
raw materials involves complex analysis and decisionmaking with respect to a
wide array of considerations relating to, among others, highly technical
mechanical and structural issues associated with the use of new materials and
technologies, choice of suppliers, cost and pricing considerations, evaluation
of customer demand for specific products, evaluation of current market
conditions and other competitive factors, all of which are business issues of a
complex nature upon which shareholders, as a group, would not be in a position
to make an informed judgment, and which should not be subject to
"micro-management" by the Company's shareholders.
On a number of occasions the Staff also has granted relief under 14a-8(i)(7)
where a shareholder proposal related to a company's choice of technologies,
including International Business Machines Corporation (Jan. 6, 2005) (permitting
exclusion of a proposal requesting the company to employ specific technology in
its software); WPS Resources Corporation (Feb. 16, 2001) (permitting exclusion
of a proposal requesting that a utility company develop new co-generation
facilities and other technologies and improve energy efficiency); and Union
Pacific Corporation (Dec. 16, 1996) (granting relief under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) to
exclude a proposal requesting a report on the development and adaptation of a
new railroad safety technology). The Proponents' request for a report with a
specific focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the Company's products
and operations clearly deals with issues and considerations that directly and
indirectly involve Pulte's choice of products, building technologies and raw
materials, evaluation of costs and revenues or losses associated with the
implementation of such products, technologies and materials, and other ordinary
business operations. The ability to make these types of decisions has been
recognized by the Staff on a number of occasions as being fundamental to
management's ability to control the operations of the Company, and, as such, is
not appropriately transferred to the Company's shareholders. Therefore, Pulte
believes that the Proposal may be omitted from its 2008 Proxy in accordance with
Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
Staff's Response
Pursuant to SLB 14C, in order to facilitate transmission of the Staff's response
to our request during the highest volume period of the shareholder proposal
season, our facsimile number is (312) 853-7036 and the Proponents' facsimile
numbers are set forth below. Further, in appreciation of the Staff's work during
the height of the proxy season, we have included photocopies of all no-action
letters cited in this no action request as Appendix B.
Based on the foregoing, the Company respectfully requests the Staff's
concurrence that the Proposal may be omitted and that it will not recommend
enforcement action if the Proposal is excluded from the 2008 Proxy.
If you have any questions or need any additional information, please contact the
undersigned. We appreciate your attention to this request.
Very truly yours,
/s/
Michael S. Sigal
Enclosures
cc: The Nathan Cummings Foundation 475 Tenth Avenue 14\th/ Floor New York, New
York 10018 Attn: Laura Shaffer Fax: (212) 787-7377
Domini Social Investments 536 Broadway, 7\th/ Floor New York, New York
10012-3915 Attn: Karen Shapiro Fax: (212) 217-1101
cc: Providence Trust 515 SW 24\th/ Street San Antonio, Texas 78207-4619 Attn:
Sr. Madonna Sangalli, CDP Fax: (210) 431-9965
General Board of Pension and Health Benefits of the United Methodist Church 1201
Davis Street Evanston, Illinois 60201 Attn: Laura Shaffer Fax: (847) 475-5061
SEIU Master Trust 11 Dupont Circle, N.W. Suite 900 Washington, D.C. 20036-1202
Attn: Stephen Albrecht Fax: (202) 842-0046
Mr. Steven M. Cook Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Pulte Homes,
Inc. 100 Bloomfield Hills Parkway Suite 300 Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 48304
[INQUIRY LETTER]
January 28, 2008
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporate Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Ladies and Gentlemen:
On behalf of our client, Pulte Homes, Inc. ("Pulte" or the "Company"), we are
submitting this letter in response to the January 14, 2008 letter (the
"Proponent Letter") submitted by The Nathan Cummings Foundation ("Nathan
Cummings"). A copy of the Proponent Letter is attached hereto as Appendix A.
On December 28, 2007, we submitted a letter (the "Request Letter") in which we
requested that the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance (the "Staff")
take no enforcement action if, in reliance upon Rule 14a-8(i)(7), Pulte omits
from the proxy materials it intends to distribute in connection with its 2008
Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the "2008 Proxy Materials") a shareholder
proposal and statement in support thereof (the "Proposal") received from Nathan
Cummings, as lead filer, Domini Social Investments, as co-filer, Providence
Trust, as co-filer, the General Board of Pension and Health Benefits of the
United Methodist Church, as co-filer, and SEIU Master Trust, as co-filer
(collectively, the "Proponents"). The Proponent Letter was the Proponents'
response to the Request Letter.
Pulte is of the view that Nathan Cummings' arguments, as set forth in the
Proponent Letter, mischaracterize the Company's arguments in the Request Letter
and oversimplify the nature of the Proposal. Pulte therefore continues to
believe that it may exclude the Proposal from the 2008 Proxy Materials in
reliance upon Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
In the Proponent Letter, Nathan Cummings asserts that the Proposal "contains no
language suggesting a cost/benefit analysis...." Pulte disagrees with this
assertion and believes that the Proposal would require a cost/benefit analysis.
For example, Nathan Cummings states in the Proponent Letter that the Proposal's
request could be satisfied by Pulte "describing available technologies" and
determining "how likely each one would be to garner acceptance from Pulte's
homebuyers." The likelihood that technologies would not be accepted by Pulte's
homebuyers is, by its very nature, a cost/benefit analysis and risk assessment.
In addition, the Proponent Letter cites the definition of "feasibility" in
detail, including stating that something is "feasible" when, among other things,
it is "capable of being used or dealt with successfully." Determining whether
something is "capable of being used or dealt with successfully" inherently
involves a cost/benefit analysis. Any such determination requires consideration
not only of whether the proposed change is physically capable of being carried
out, but also consideration of the associated costs relative to the anticipated
benefits. As stated in the Request Letter, determinations of this nature are
clearly within Pulte's ordinary business operations and are precisely the kind
of tasks that are fundamental to management's ability to run the Company.
Moreover, Pulte disagrees with the assertion contained in the Proponent Letter
that "the Proposal does not attempt to micromanage the Company's choice of
products or technologies...." The Proposal requests that Pulte investigate the
feasibility of developing policies that will minimize the impact upon climate
change from the Company's products and operations. As a homebuilder, Pulte does
not operate manufacturing or similar facilities that directly impact the
environment (as is the case for companies in industries like those of
Kimberly-Clark or 3M). Instead, the most significant manner in which Pulte may
minimize its impact upon climate change is by producing homes that are more
energy efficient. This out of necessity involves Pulte's choice of products,
building materials and building technologies. As stated in the Request Letter,
analysis of this nature involves consideration of a complex array of factors,
including highly technical mechanical and structural issues associated with the
use of new materials and technologies in view of local building codes, zoning
requirements and other requirements of local municipalities, as well as choice
of suppliers, cost and pricing considerations, evaluation of customer demand for
specific products, evaluation of current market conditions and other competitive
factors upon which shareholders, as a group, would not be in a position to make
an informed judgment.
In addition, in response to Pulte's stated belief that the Proposal involves a
cost/benefit analysis, Nathan Cummings suggests in the Proponent Letter that
Pulte might implement the Proposal by providing one of a variety of reports,
such as "outlin[ing] the geographical distribution of its homebuilding
operations and discuss[ing] how it could adapt its practices in various regions
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions." Pulte believes that the Proposal's request
for a report discussing how Pulte "could adapt its practices" is deceptively
simple. Any discussion of how Pulte might alter its building techniques or adopt
new building materials is not so simple as merely determining whether alternate
building materials could be used; rather, such an analysis is inherently complex
and involves considerations of a highly technical nature, as explained in the
Request Letter. Complex analyses of this nature are part of Pulte's ordinary
business operations and as such, are excludable pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
Pulte also believes that Walgreen Co. (Oct. 13, 2006), which was issued after
the release of the CVS Corporation (Mar. 3, 2006) letter that Nathan Cummings
cites in the Proponent Letter, is informative. In Walgreen Co., the shareholder
proposal, which was similar to the shareholder proposal in CVS Corporation,
requested a report that Walgreen Co. argued would have required it to engage a
staff of scientists and various other experts to produce a specialized and
complex scientific report, similar to what the Proposal requests of Pulte. The
Staff allowed Walgreen Co. to exclude the shareholder proposal pursuant to Rule
14a-8(i)(7).
For the reasons discussed above and in the Request Letter, Pulte respectfully
reiterates its request for confirmation that the Staff will not recommend
enforcement action if Pulte omits the Proposal from the Company's 2008 Proxy
Materials.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact the
undersigned. We appreciate your attention to this request.
Very truly yours,
/s/
Michael S. Sigal
Enclosures
cc: The Nathan Cummings Foundation 475 Tenth Avenue 14th Floor New York, New
York 10018 Attn: Laura J. Shaffer Fax: (212) 787-7377
Domini Social Investments 536 Broadway 7th Floor New York, New York 10012-3915
Attn: Karen Shapiro Fax: (212) 217-1101
Providence Trust 515 SW 24th Street San Antonio, Texas 78207-4619 Attn: Sr.
Madonna Sangalli, CDP Fax: (210) 431-9965
cc: General Board of Pension and Health Benefits of the United Methodist Church
1201 Davis Street Evanston, Illinois 60201-4118 Attn: Vidette Bullock Mixon Fax:
(847) 475-5061
SEIU Master Trust 11 Dupont Circle, N.W. Suite 900 Washington, D.C. 20036-1202
Attn: Stephen Abrecht Fax: (202) 842-0046
Mr. Steven M. Cook Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Pulte Homes,
Inc. 100 Bloomfield Hills Parkway Suite 300 Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 48304
[INQUIRY LETTER]
January 14, 2008
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, DC 20549
Attention: Chief Counsel, Division of Corporation Finance
Re: Request by Pulte Homes, Inc. to omit shareholder proposal submitted by The
Nathan Cummings Foundation and several co-sponsors
Dear Sir/Madam,
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, The Nathan
Cummings Foundation (the "Foundation") and several co-sponsors (together, the
"Proponents") submitted a shareholder proposal (the "Proposal") to Pulte Homes,
Inc. ("Pulte" or the "Company"). The Proposal asks Pulte's board to report to
shareholders on the feasibility of developing policies that will minimize the
Company's impacts on climate change, with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas
emissions from Pulte's products and operations.
By letter dated December 28, 2007, Pulte stated that it intends to omit the
Proposal from the proxy materials to be sent to shareholders in connection with
the 2008 annual meeting of shareholders and asked for assurance that the Staff
would not recommend enforcement action if it did so. Pulte argues that it is
entitled to exclude the Proposal in reliance on Rule 14a-8(i)(7), which allows a
company to exclude a proposal that "deals with a matter related to the company's
ordinary business operations." Because Pulte has not met its burden of proving
that the Proposal is excludable, its request for relief should be denied.
At the outset, Pulte concedes that the Proposal's language "suggest[s] a focus
primarily on significant social policy issues" mitigating climate change.
Nonetheless, Pulte claims that the Proposal is excludable because it focuses on
"internal assessments of costs and potential revenues or losses related to
Pulte's choice of products, raw materials and technologies." In Pulte's view,
the Proposal is excludable because it asks for a cost/benefit analysis and
because it deals with the Company's choice of products and technologies. Neither
of these characterizations is accurate.
In Staff Legal Bulletin 14C ("SLB 14C"), the Staff clarified the circumstances
under which a company can rely on the ordinary business exclusion to omit a
proposal relating to the environment or public health on the grounds that it
asks for an evaluation of risks and benefits. SLB 14C states:
In determining whether the focus of these proposals is a significant social
policy issue, we consider both the proposal and the supporting statement as a
whole. To the extent that a proposal and supporting statement focus on the
company engaging in an internal assessment of the risks or liabilities that the
company faces as a result of its operations that may adversely affect the
environment or the public's health, we concur with the company's view that there
is a basis for it to exclude the proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(7) as relating to
an evaluation of risk. To the extent that a proposal and supporting statement
focus on the company minimizing or eliminating operations that may adversely
affect the environment or the public's health, we do not concur with the
company's view that there is a basis for it to exclude the proposal under rule
14a-8(i)(7).
The Proposal does not ask Pulte to "engag[e] in an internal assessment of the
risks or liabilities that the company faces as a result of its operations" that
contribute to climate change. The Proposal contains no language suggesting a
cost/benefit analysis or asking Pulte to quantify the potential liabilities or
risks Pulte faces as a result of its operations' environmental impacts.
That the Proposal asks Pulte to report on the "feasibility" of adopting policies
to minimize the Company's impact on climate change does not compel a conclusion
that the Proposal seeks a cost/benefit analysis, as Pulte urges. Something is
feasible when it is "capable of being done or carried out," "capable of being
used or dealt with successfully" or "reasonably likely." 1 In CVS Corp., the
Staff rejected an argument similar to the one Pulte makes here, refusing to
allow exclusion of a proposal asking the company to evaluate the feasibility of
reformulating its private label products to eliminate certain chemicals and
encouraging or requiring manufacturers or distributors of other cosmetics
products sold in CVS to do the same. CVS had argued that the proposal sought an
"evaluation of risk" and was thus excludable under the reasoning set forth in
SLB 14C.
The Proposal focuses on Pulte reducing or eliminating harm to the environment
and reporting to shareholders on how this might be possible. The bulk of the
supporting statement is devoted to a discussion of greenhouse gas emissions and
the contributions of residential buildings to climate change.
Implementation of the Proposal could assume many forms, none of which would
require cost/benefit analysis or risk assessment. For example, Pulte might
respond by describing available technologies or measures and setting forth its
opinion of how likely each one would be to garner acceptance from Pulte's
homebuyers. Pulte might outline the geographical distribution of its
homebuilding operations and discuss how it could adapt its practices in various
regions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. None of these discussions would
require cost/benefit analysis.
Moreover, the Proposal does not attempt to micromanage the Company's choice of
products or technologies, as Pulte claims. Unlike some of the proposals in the
determinations cited by Pulte, which asked the companies to stop selling certain
products, the Proposal simply asks Pulte to report on possible avenues for
reducing the Company's impact on climate change.
Similarly, the Proposal does not try to control Pulte's choice of technologies,
which was the case in the proposals Pulte cites. On this point, Pulte also
argues that the report requested in the Proposal would be too complex and
difficult for shareholders to understand. However, the "wide array of
considerations" Pulte cites, including choice of suppliers, cost and pricing
considerations, customer demand, current market conditions and other competitive
factors, are very similar to if not exactly the same as matters regularly
discussed in corporate annual reports.
Further, some companies have already begun reporting on their efforts to
mitigate climate change. For example, Kimberly-Clark's sustainability report,
published on its web site, quantifies its greenhouse gas emissions, describes
measures the company is taking to reduce them and discusses energy efficiency
issues.2 3M provides similar information in its sustainability report.3
Institutional investors and the Investor Network on Climate Risk, an
organization of investors with $4 trillion in assets under management,4 have
been engaging in sophisticated and high-level dialogues with companies about
their strategies for dealing with climate change.
All of these facts, coupled with the high level of support received by climate
change shareholder proposals in 2007just under 20% on average and 39.5% at
Allegheny Energy5demonstrate that shareholders are capable of understanding the
climate change issue and measures companies are taking or considering taking to
mitigate their contributions to climate change. Indeed, the Proponents would not
have submitted the Proposal if they did not believe that they and many other
shareholders would benefit from having the information in the requested report.
In sum, the Proposal falls comfortably within the class of proposals described
in SLB 14C as not being excludable on ordinary business grounds. There is no
dispute that the subject of reducing a company's contribution to global climate
change implicates a significant social policy issue.6 The Proposal does not ask
for a cost/benefit analysis or risk assessment, nor does it seek to micro-manage
the Company's product selection or choice of technologies. Accordingly, Pulte
should not be permitted to exclude the Proposal in reliance on the ordinary
business exclusion.
If you have any questions or need anything further, please do not hesitate to
call me at (212) 787-7300. The Foundation appreciates the opportunity to be of
assistance in this matter.
Very truly yours,
/s/
Laura J. Shaffer
Director of Shareholder Activities
cc: Michael S. Sigal Sidley Austin LLP Fax # 312-853-7036
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 See Merriam-Webster definition at http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/feasibility.
2 See
http://www.kimberly-clark.com/aboutus/Sustainability/sustainability_pg35.aspx
and
http://www.kimberly-clark.com/aboutus/Sustainability/sustainability_pg34.aspx.
3 See
http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/global/sustainability/management/climate-change-energy/.
4 See http://www.incr.com/NETCOMMUNITY/Page.aspx?pid=198&srcid=-2.
5 See Riskmetrics Group, "2007 Postseason Report," at 35-36 (Oct. 2007)
(available at http://www.riskmetrics.com/pdf/2007PostSeasonReportFINAL.pdf).
6 See, e.g., Unocal Corporation (publicly available Feb. 23, 2004) (declining to
allow exclusion of a proposal asking the company to report on "how the company
is responding to rising regulatory, competitive, and public pressure to
significantly reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions");
Reliant Resources Inc. (publicly available Mar. 5, 2004) (same).
[INQUIRY LETTER]
November 26, 2007
Mr. Steven M. Cook
VP, General Counsel & Secretary
Pulte Homes, Inc.
100 Bloomfield Hills Parkway, Suite 300
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 48304
Dear Mr. Cook:
The Nathan Cummings Foundation is an endowed institution with approximately $570
million of investments. As a private foundation, the Nathan Cummings Foundation
is committed to the creation of a socially and economically just society and
seeks to facilitate sustainable business practices by supporting the
accountability of corporations for their actions. As an institutional investor,
the Foundation believes that the way in which a company approaches major public
policy issues has important implications for long-term shareholder value.
It is with these considerations in mind that we submit this resolution for
inclusion in the Pulte Homes, Inc. proxy statement under Rule 14a-8 of the
general rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We would
appreciate an indication in the proxy statement that the Nathan Cummings
Foundation is the primary proponent of this resolution. At least one
representative of the filers will attend the stockholders' meeting to move the
resolution as required by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Nathan Cummings Foundation is the beneficial owner of over $2,000 worth of
shares of Pulte Homes, Inc. stock. Verification of this ownership, provided by
Northern Trust, our custodian bank, is included with this letter. We have
continuously held over $2,000 worth of the stock for more than one year and will
continue to hold these shares through the shareholder meeting.
If you have any questions or concerns about this resolution or would like to
speak with us about your efforts to address climate change, please contact Laura
Shaffer at (212) 787-7300. Thank you for your time.
Sincerely,
/s/
Lance E. Lindblom
President and CEO
/s/
Laura J. Shaffer
Director of Shareholder Activities
cc: Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility Members and Associates
[APPENDIX]
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently concluded that
warming of the climate system is unequivocal and that human activity is the main
cause. Debate surrounding climate change now focuses not on whether a problem
exists but rather on the best means for abatement and adaptation.
The rise in average global temperatures resulting from climate change is
expected to have significant adverse impacts. According to Business Week, many
scientists agree that the warmer temperatures resulting from climate change are
causing more powerful storms and perhaps intensifying extreme weather events
including droughts and wild fires. Thermal expansion and melting ice sheets are
expected to lead to rising sea levels, with significant implications for coastal
communities. Rising temperatures will also impact fresh water supplies.
California's Department of Water Resources, for instance, has stated that,
"Adapting California's water management systems to climate change presents one
of the most significant challenges for the 21\st/ century."
Climate change also has important economic implications. The Stern Review, often
cited as the most comprehensive overview of the economics of climate change,
estimated that the cumulative economic impacts of climate change could be
equivalent to a loss of up to 20% of average world-wide consumption if action is
not taken quickly. A more general pronouncement in the IPCC's report, Climate
Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, observed that "Taken as a
whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of
climate change are likely to be signif cant and to increase over time."
According to the Washington Post, "Buildings are the largest source of the
greenhouse-gas emissions that are causing global warming, and in the United
States, half of building-related emissions are from houses." The EPA estimates
that the residential end-use sector accounted for 21% of CO2 emissions from
fossil fuel combustion in 2005.
With residential end-use accounting for such a high proportion of GHG emissions
stemming from fossil fuel combustion, a number of recent studies have focused on
energy efficiency improvements in residential dwellings as a potential source of
emission reductions. One recent study in The McKinsey Quarlerly found that
nearly a quarter of cost-effective GHG abatement potential involves
efficiency-enhancing measures geared at reducing demand in the buildings and
transportation sectors. A second McKinsey study concluded that the residential
sector represents the single-largest opportunity to raise energy productivity,
noting that, "The adoption of available technologies (including high-efficiency
building shells, compact fluorescent lighting, and high-efficiency water
heating) would cut ... end-use demand for energy by 32 QBTUs in 2020, equivalent
to 5 percent of global end-user demand in that year."
RESOLVED:
Shareholders request that by December 31, 2008 the Board of Directors provide a
climate change report, prepared at reasonable cost and omitting proprietary
information, on the feasibility of our company developing policies that will
minimize its impacts upon climate change, with a focus on reducing greenhouse
gas emissions from the company's products and operations.
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
February 11, 2008
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: Pulte Homes, Inc. Incoming letter dated December 28, 2007
The proposal requests that the board provide a climate change report on the
feasibility of Pulte Homes developing policies that will minimize its impacts
upon climate change, with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from its
products and operations.
We are unable to concur in your view that Pulte Homes may exclude the proposal
under rule 14a-8(i)(7). Accordingly, we do not believe that Pulte Homes may omit
the proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(7).
Sincerely,
/s/
William A. Hines
Special Counsel |