CompanyName: McDonald's Corp.
Public Availability Date: January 28, 2008
Document Sections:INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX 1
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
January 18, 2008
BY HAND DELIVERY
Office of the Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: McDonald's Corporation - Shareholder Proposal Submitted by Michael R. Levin
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am the Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of McDonald's
Corporation ("McDonald's"), and I am submitting this letter pursuant to Rule
14a-8(j) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to notify the Commission of
McDonald's intention to exclude from its proxy materials for its 2008 annual
meeting of shareholders a shareholder proposal (the "Proposal") submitted by
Michael R. Levin (the "Proponent"). McDonald's also requests confirmation that
the staff will not recommend to the Commission that enforcement action be taken
if McDonald's excludes the Proposal from its 2008 proxy materials in reliance on
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) and Rule 14a-8(i)(3).
A copy of the Proposal and the Proponent's supporting statement, together with
related correspondence between McDonald's and the Proponent, are attached as
Exhibit 1.
In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j), we have enclosed six copies of this letter,
including the exhibit. A copy of this letter and the exhibit is also being
provided simultaneously to the Proponent.
McDonald's currently intends to file its definitive proxy materials with the
Commission on or about April 7, 2008.
The Proposal
The Proposal requests that McDonald's shareholders approve the following
resolution:
Whereas: McDonald's Corporation lacks a comprehensive, consistent strategy and
approach to risk taking. In many areas, strategy, approaches, practices and
programs reflect a harmful risk aversion that negates its otherwise aggressive
risk taking in other areas. Taken together, these risk management approaches,
practices and programs cost McDonald's approximately $355 million in annual cash
flow, or approximately $0.28 per common equity share, without having a material
impact on the variability of aggregate financial results. These risk management
programs represent overly conservative risk avoidance that is inconsistent with
investor expectations for McDonald's riskiness within investor portfolios.
Resolved: Shareholders request the Board of Directors adopt and implement a
comprehensive risk strategy that is both consistent with and based on
independent research into and analysis of the overall level of variability in
financial results that investors expect from their investments in McDonald's.
Possible steps to implement this strategy may include:
reduce substantially McDonald's levels of cash and other sources of working
capital
issue only floating rate debt, and converting existing fixed-rate debt to
floating-rate
eliminate stand-by debt facilities
eliminate the purchase of all hedging instruments, including all forms of
insurance, currency derivatives, and interest rate derivatives.
Rule 14a-8(i)(7)
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal that "deals
with a matter relating to the company's ordinary business operations." According
to the Commission's release accompanying the 1998 amendments to Rule 14a-8, the
underlying policy of the ordinary business exclusion is "to confine the
resolution of ordinary business problems to management and the board of
directors, since it is impracticable for shareholders to decide how to solve
such problems at an annual meeting." See Release No. 34-40018 (May 21, 1998).
The Commission's 1998 release established two "central considerations"
underlying the ordinary business exclusion. The first is that "certain tasks are
so fundamental to management's ability to run a company on a day-to-day basis
that they could not, as a practical matter, be subject to direct shareholder
oversight." The second is that a proposal should not "seek[] to `micro-manage'
the company by probing too deeply into matters of a complex nature upon which
shareholders, as a group, would not be in a position to make an informed
judgment."
The Adoption and Implementation of a Comprehensive Risk Strategy is Related to
McDonald's Ordinary Business Operations
At its core, the Proposal requests that the board of directors of McDonald's
adopt and implement a comprehensive risk strategy. In Staff Legal Bulletin No.
14C (June 28, 2005), the staff stated that "[t]o the extent that a proposal and
supporting statement focus on the company engaging in an internal assessment of
the risks or liabilities that the company faces as a result of its
operations...we concur with the company's view that there is a basis for it to
exclude the proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(7) as relating to an evaluation of
risk."
The Proponent submitted a virtually identical proposal to McDonald's in 2006. In
accordance with the staff's position articulated in Staff Legal Bulletin No.
14C, the staff agreed the proposal was excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) as
relating to our ordinary business operations. See McDonald's Corporation (March
14, 2006). In addition, the Proponent has submitted the same or a substantially
similar proposal to at least two other companies, and in each case the staff
agreed that the proposal was excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). See Alliant
Energy Corporation (March 10, 2002) and Motorola, Inc. (March 7, 2002).
The staff's concurrence that the Proponent's 2006 proposal to McDonald's was
excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) should be equally applicable to the Proposal.
Nothing has happened in the intervening two years to suggest that risk
management has ceased to be ordinary business. To the contrary, the staff has
consistently taken the position that proposals relating to risk management,
corporate strategy and financing decisions relate to ordinary business
operations and thus may be excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). See, e.g., Eli Lilly
& Company (January 29, 2007) and (January 11, 2006) (allowing exclusion of
proposal requesting a report on the risks and other effects of the company's
policy of limiting the availability of its products to Canadian wholesalers and
pharmacies). See also Pfizer Inc. (January 13, 2006) (allowing exclusion of
proposal requesting a report on the risks of liability arising from the
distribution of the company's products); General Electric Company (January 13,
2006) (allowing exclusion of proposal requesting an evaluation of the risk of
damage to GE's brand name and reputation in the United States as a result of the
growing use of foreign outsourcing); Newmont Mining Corporation (January 12,
2006) (allowing exclusion of proposal requesting a management report on the
reputational and financial risks of the company's operations in Indonesia); Eli
Lilly and Company (January 11, 2006) (allowing exclusion of proposal requesting
a report on the risk of legal claims arising from the company's policy of
limiting the availability of its product to Canadian wholesalers or pharmacies
that allow purchase of its products by U.S. residents); Newmont Mining
Corporation (February 4, 2004) (allowing exclusion of a proposal requesting a
comprehensive report on the risk to the company's operations, profitability and
reputation of its social and environmental liabilities); The Chubb Corporation
(January 25, 2004) (allowing exclusion of a proposal requesting a report
providing a comprehensive assessment of company's strategies to address the
impact of climate change); and General Electric Company (February 15, 2000)
(allowing exclusion of a proposal on the grounds that sources of financing
constitute ordinary business operations).
McDonald's overall comprehensive risk strategy is clearly fundamental to our
management's ability to run the company on a day-to-day basis. Indeed, as the
Proponent noted in his response to McDonald's no-action request in 2006, "...how
a company takes and manages risk is a fundamental component of a company's
direction and strategy." See McDonald's Corporation (March 14, 2006). The
Proponent has made identical or substantially similar statements each time he
has submitted the proposal for inclusion in a proxy statement. See McDonald's
Corporation (March 13, 2002); Alliant Energy Corporation (March 10, 2002); and
Motorola, Inc. (March 7, 2002). We agree that decisions relating to risks and
risk-taking fundamentally relate to our ability to manage the financial
condition and operations of McDonald's and, as such, are not an appropriate
subject for direct shareholder oversight. As discussed above, the staff has
considered the Proponent's proposal, in substantially identical form, in four
prior no-action letters, and in each case the staff has agreed that the proposal
was excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
The Proposal is excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) for the additional reason that
it attempts to "micro-manage" McDonald's ordinary business operations by
suggesting particular modifications to McDonald's current risk strategy and risk
management program, including cash management, types of debt instruments, debt
levels and hedging techniques. These are the types of issues that McDonald's
management must resolve every day, with oversight by the board of directors, and
that, consistent with staff precedent, are not suitable for shareholder
oversight.
For all these reasons, McDonald's believes that the Proposal relates to matters
that involve McDonald's ordinary business operations and thus is excludable
under Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
Rule 14a-8(i)(3)
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) permits a company to exclude a proposal if the proposal or its
supporting statement is "contrary to any of the Commission's proxy rules,
including Rule 14a-9, which prohibits materially false or misleading statements
in proxy soliciting materials." In Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14B (September 15,
2004), the staff stated that a company may exclude a proposal under Rule
14a-8(i)(3) where the "proposal is so inherently vague or indefinite that
neither the stockholders voting on the proposal, nor the company in implementing
the proposal (if adopted), would be able to determine with any reasonable
certainty exactly what actions or measures the proposal requires."
The Proposal calls for McDonald's board of directors to implement a
comprehensive risk strategy "that is both consistent with and based on
independent research into and analysis of the overall level of variability in
financial results that investors expect from their investment in McDonald's."
This statement provides very little guidance to McDonald's, or its shareholders,
regarding what exactly is being proposed. It is not clear what "independent
research" would guide the formulation of this new risk strategy. Even less clear
is how the policy would be made consistent with the "overall level of
variability in financial results that investors expect from their investment."
The expectations of investors vary from individual to individual, and in any
case no independent researcher could know how to assess investors' expectations
regarding "variability in financial results." The phrase is so vague that
McDonald's shareholders would be as hard-pressed to understand what they were
being asked to approve as McDonald's would be to implement it. Thus, McDonald's
believes that the Proposal is excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(3).
Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, it is our view that McDonald's may exclude the
Proposal from its proxy materials under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) and Rule 14a-8(i)(3).
We request the staff's concurrence in our view, and we further request
confirmation that the staff will not recommend any enforcement action to the
Commission if McDonald's so excludes the Proposal.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please free to contact
me at (630) 623-3373 or Denise Home at (630) 623-3154. When a written response
to this letter is available, I would appreciate your sending it to me by fax at
(630) 623-0497 and to the Proponent by fax at (847) 291-3840.
Sincerely,
/s/
Gloria Santona
Executive Vice President,
General Counsel and
Secretary
cc: Michael R. Levin
Alan L. Dye
[APPENDIX 1]
December 6, 2007
VIA FACSIMILE to +1.630.623.0497 and US Mail
Ms. Gloria Santona
Corporate Secretary
McDonald's Corporation
McDonald's Plaza
Oak Brook, IL 60523
Re: Shareholder Proposal
Dear Ms. Santona,
We have beneficially owned shares of McDonald's Corporation ("McDonald's")
valued at more than $2,000 for more than one year, and we expect to continue
ownership through the date of McDonald's next annual meeting (see attached
letter evidencing such ownership). Pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 we hereby submit the following shareholder proposal and
supporting statement for inclusion in McDonald's proxy statement for the next
annual meeting of stockholders or any earlier meeting.
***
Whereas: McDonald's Corporation lacks a comprehensive, consistent strategy and
approach to risk taking. In many areas, strategy, approaches, practices and
programs reflect a harmful risk aversion that negates its otherwise aggressive
risk taking in other areas. Taken together, these risk management approaches,
practices and programs cost McDonald's approximately $355 million in annual cash
flow, or approximately $0.28 per common equity share, without having a material
impact on the variability of aggrega?e financial results. These risk management
programs represent overly conservative risk avoidance that is inconsistent with
investor expectations for McDonald's riskiness within investor portfolios.
Resolved: Shareholders request the Board of Directors adopt and implement a
comprehensive risk strategy that is both consistent with and based on
independent research into and analysis of the overall level of variability in
financial results that investors expect from their investment in McDonald's.
Possible steps to implement this strategy may include:
reduce substantially McDonald's levels of cash and other sources of working
capital
issue only floating rate debt, and converting existing fixed-rate debt to
floating-rate
eliminate stand-by debt facilities
eliminate the purchase of all hedging instruments, including all forms of
insurance, currency derivatives, and interest rate derivatives.
Supporting statement
By designing, adopting, and implementing a comprehensive risk strategy,
McDonald's will increase annual cash flow by an estimated $355 million, or
approximately $0.28 per common equity share, without a material increase in the
variability of McDonald's aggregate financial results and corresponding increase
in needed economic capital. This figure is based on analyses of publicly
available information from McDonald's and comparable firms concerning cash and
working capital, debt structure, and hedging activities. This figure could in
fact increase as McDonald's implements a comprehensive risk strategy in other
areas not analyzed, such as agricultural commodity price hedging or product
quality.
McDonald's appears to exhibit considerable risk aversion, based in part on
McDonald's executives' inaccurate, incomplete, and isolated views of many of the
risks in the QSR business. Both established theory and available evidence
suggests that McDonald's executives over-react to individual sources of
variability, and design and implement risk strategies that respond as absolutely
and completely as possible to what they perceive as material risks. McDonald's
investors view their investment differently, as a logical collection of risks
that generate an aggregate performance, and care much less than executives do
about individual sources of risk. Furthermore, investors typically have a higher
tolerance for variability than executives, with executives thinking that many
more events are material than investors think are material.
A vote FOR this proposal is a vote to align executive risk taking with
shareholder risk appetite.
***
Please feel free to contact me at 847.291.3431 with any questions.
Very truly yours,
/s/
Michael R. Levin
m.levin@comcast.net
[APPENDIX 2]
From: Michael Levin [mailto:m.levin@comcast.net]
Sent: Thursday, January 24, 2008 10:26 AM
To: CFLETTERS
Cc: gloria.santona@us.mcd.com
Subject: McDonald's Corporation
Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporate Finance
Office of the Chief Counsel
via email: cfletters@sec.gov
copy to McDonald's Corporation: gloria.santona@us.mcd.com
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am in receipt of my copy of the letter dated January 18, 2008 (Letter) from
Gloria Santona of McDonald's Corporation (McDonald's) to the Office of the Chief
Counsel (Staff) concerning McDonald's intention to omit from its proxy materials
the shareholder proposal and supporting statement I submitted to McDonald's on
December 7, 2007 (Proposal). Based on the Proposal and the Letter, McDonald's
has not provided sufficient reason to omit the Proposal. Below I set forth my
response to the Letter.
***
McDonald's seeks to omit the Proposal on two grounds: ordinary business
operations (Rule 14a-(i) (7)) and vagueness (Rule 14(a)-8(i)(3)).
The Proposal does not deal with McDonald's ordinary business operations
Here I rebut McDonald's argument that the Proposal deals with ordinary business
operations. I also respond to McDonald's contention that the Staff, through
Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14C (June 28, 2005) and other no-action letters, has
previously taken the position that proposals related to risk management,
corporate strategy, and financing decisions relate to ordinary business
operations. Finally, I add additional arguments how the Proposal addresses broad
strategic issues that are indeed the proper subject of shareholder proposals.
Proposal is not identical to an earlier proposal
McDonald's relies primarily on its assertion that the Proposal is "substantially
identical" to an earlier proposal that I submitted (2006 Proposal), and which
the Staff had allowed McDonald's to exclude from the proxy materials. However,
there are some important differences between the two proposals, including:
the Proposal identifies and suggests "possible" steps to implement the proposal,
rather than the 2006 Proposal mandating these steps as "necessary" (first
paragraph of the specific resolution of the Proposal)
the Proposal recommends the Company adopt a risk strategy, rather than the 2006
Proposal prescribing how the Company shall implement the strategy (first
paragraph of the supporting statement of the Proposal).
These differences specifically seek to avoid any possibility that McDonald's
could interpret the Proposal as intending to "run the company on a day-to-day
basis" or "micro-manage" the company.
Concerning the current (revised and updated) Proposal, McDonalds asserts two
arguments concerning ordinary business operations. First, McDonalds seeks to
omit the Proposal because it seeks to "subject ordinary business decisions and
related transactions to direct shareholder oversight." Second, McDonald's also
seeks to omit the Proposal because the company claims it will allow shareholders
to micro-manage McDonald's. However, properly construed, the Proposal does
neither. Instead, it raises issues that in fact constitute a proper and
appropriate matter for discussion among shareholders, the Board of Directors,
and management.
Proposal does not deal with ordinary business operations
McDonald's first asserts that the Proposal seeks to subject ordinary business
decisions and related transactions to direct shareholder oversight. Citing my
response to McDonald's request for no-action on the 2006 Proposal, the Company
seems to agree with my assertion in the 2006 Proposal that "...how a company
takes and manages risk is a fundamental component of a company's direction and
strategy." However, in its current request for no-action on the Proposal,
McDonald's mis-states this assertion to say "[w]e agree that decisions related
to risk and risk- taking fundamentally relate to our ability to manage the
financial condition and operations of McDonald's and, as such, are not an
appropriate subject for direct shareholder oversight." In this mis-statement,
McDonald's appears to equate "financial condition and operations" with "company
direction and strategy," with two problematic consequences. First, the Proposal,
especially as revised and updated, takes care to not prescribe specific
operational activities. Second, McDonald's appears to think that the "financial
condition" of the company is not an appropriate subject for direct shareholder
oversight. In fact, the Staff has not allowed companies to omit other proposals
that subject the "financial condition" of the company to direct shareholder
oversight Most recently, the Staff has not allowed a company to omit a proposal
requesting an evaluation of potential losses or liabilities related to mortgage
lending of a homebuilder (Beazer Homes USA, Inc. November 30, 2007).
Proposal does not micro-manage
McDonald's also asserts that the Proposal will micro-manage the company by
"suggesting particular modifications to McDonald's current risk strategy and
risk management program, including cash management, types of debt instruments,
debt levels, and hedging techniques." Nowhere does the Proposal recommend or
require specific tactics about how to manage cash, cash flow or debt, such as
types of cash management or debt transactions, specific financial products, or
specific counterparties with whom McDonald's should contract. Rather, the
Proposal indicates that implementing the risk strategy may reduce cash and
working capital and change the structure of the company's debt. The Staff has
previously taken the position that companies may not omit proposals that address
the Board of Directors role in setting company strategy (Ameren Corporation,
January 4, 2002; Duke Energy Corporation, January 24, 2002). And, to the extent
that the Proposal does address an aspect of risk strategy that will likely lead
to Board of Directors discussion of McDonald's insurance programs, the Staff has
previously taken the position that companies may not omit proposals that concern
how much insurance a company needs for its operations (Baltimore Gas & Electric
Company, February 6, 1990).
Cited staff opinions do not relate materially to the Proposal
McDonald's asserts that Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14C applies to the Proposal.
The Bulletin reads, in relevant part:
To the extent that a proposal and supporting statement focus on the company
engaging in an internal assessment of the risks or liabilities that the company
faces as a result of its operations that may adversely affect the environment or
the public's health, we concur with the company's view that there is a basis for
it to exclude the proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(7) as relating to an evaluation
of risk.
In no way does the Proposal require or even recommend that McDonald's evaluate
any risk, much less environmental or public health risks, in specific or general
ways, or report on certain risks to shareholders. For this reason, Staff Legal
Bulletin No. 14C bears no material relation to the Proposal, and provides no
precedent for allowing McDonald's to exclude the Proposal.
McDonald's also asserts that eight prior Staff positions have allowed other
companies to exclude ostensibly similar proposals. However, none of the excluded
proposals that McDonald's cites bear any material similarity to the Proposal.
One of the eight cited positions duplicates an earlier of another of the eight.
Of the net seven prior proposals cited:
three proposals required the subject company to prepare a report to shareholders
about environmental hazards (Newmont Mining Corporation, February 4, 2004 and
January 12, 2006; The Chubb Corporation, January 25, 2004); the Proposal does
not require any such report to shareholders, nor does it address specific
environmental hazards.
two proposals (Eli Lilly, January 11, 2006 and January 29, 2007 [identical
proposals]; Pfizer Corporation, January 13, 2006) required the subject company
to evaluate the legal liability associated with selling pharmaceutical products
in Canada; nowhere does the Proposal require McDonald's to evaluate legal
liability, much less liability associated with pharmaceutical sales or sales in
Canada.
one proposal (General Electric Company, January 13, 2006) required the subject
company to establish a committee to evaluate and report on damage to its
reputation as a consequence of outsourcing; nowhere does the Proposal require
evaluation of any risk of damage of any sort, much less damage to reputation due
to outsourcing.
one proposal (General Electric Company, February 15, 2000) required the subject
company to report to shareholders on sources of government-related financing;
the Proposal does not require any such report to shareholders, nor does it
address sources of government-related financing.
Proposal addresses broad strategic issues that are proper subject of shareholder
proposals
Beyond McDonald's arguments against including the Proposal, there are two other
reasons why the Proposal addresses broad strategic issues that are the proper
subject of shareholder proposals.
First, how a company takes and manages risk is a fundamental component of
company direction and strategy. McDonald's admits as much in its Letter:
"McDonald's overall comprehensive risk strategy is clearly fundamental to our
management's ability to run the company on a day-to-day basis." In the same way
that shareholders and management discuss and agree on goals and plans for a
corporation's returns or profits, they should also discuss and agree on goals
and plans for the risk taking and management that underlies the activities that
lead to returns or profits. The Proposal merely recommends that the Board of
Directors engage in such discussions in a particular manner. Staff has refused
to concur with a request for no-action in a similar case, in which a shareholder
proposed that a company provide appropriate disclosure of the risk of a given
business, so that shareholders could evaluate for themselves and discuss with
management the risk of the business (Merrill, Lynch & Co., December 29, 1994).
Second, the Proposal addresses a fundamental and material difference between the
interests of shareholders and management, specifically in their different views
of how much risk the firm should take. In the Supporting Statement, the Proposal
sets forth the reasoning underlying the estimated $0.28 per share impact of
adopting and implementing the comprehensive risk strategy, namely excessive
managerial risk aversion relative to shareholder appetite for risk. In many
other similar instances involving differences between the interests of
shareholders and management, such as related to shareholder rights plans and
executive compensation, companies have not been allowed to omit proposals from
shareholders.
The proposal does not violate Rule 14a-9 and is not vague
McDonald's claims that the Proposal
provides very little guidance to McDonald's, or its shareholders, regarding what
exactly is being proposed. It is not clear what "independent research" would
guide the formulation of this new risk strategy. Even less clear is how the
policy would be made consistent with the "overall level of variability in
financial results that investors expect from their investment."
However, there is abundant literature and independent research on risk-taking
and risk management, with which McDonald's should be familiar, as it admits it
already has a "comprehensive risk strategy." Some other critical terms that
puzzle McDonald's are familiar to both their management and shareholders, have
plain, precise meanings, and are not "so vague that McDonald's shareholders
would be as hard-pressed to understand what they were being asked to approve as
McDonald's would be to implement it." McDonald's and its shareholders should be
familiar with the concept of "financial results" and "variability" as the
company refers repeatedly to these concepts in its SEC filings, annual reports,
press releases, and other shareholder communication.
To the extent that Staff has a basis for believing the proposal is vague,
pursuant to prior Staff opinions I would like the opportunity to redraft the
sections that Staff believes are vague in an effort to comply with the
requirements of Rule 14a-9.
***
For these reasons we believe that McDonald's Corporation may not exclude the
proposal from the 2008 Proxy Statement and respectfully request that the Staff
recommend enforcement action should McDonald's Corporation so exclude the
proposal. In the event that the Staff does not concur with my position or
desires additional information in support of this position, I would appreciate
an opportunity to confer with the Staff concerning these matters prior to the
issuance of its response. Please feel free to contact me via reply to this email
or at 847.830.1479.
Thanks for your consideration.
MRL
Michael Levin
847.830.1479
m.levin@comcast.net
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
January 28, 2008
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: McDonald's Corporation Incoming letter dated January 18, 2008
The proposal requests that the board adopt and implement a comprehensive risk
strategy, including specific steps outlined in the proposal.
There appears to be some basis for your view that McDonald's may exclude the
proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(7), as relating to McDonald's ordinary business
operations (i.e., risk management). Accordingly, we will not recommend
enforcement action to the Commission if McDonald's omits the proposal from its
proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(7). In reaching this position, we
have not found it necessary to address the alternative basis for omission upon
which McDonald's relies.
Sincerely,
/s/
William A. Hines
Special Counsel
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