Company Name: Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.
Public Availability Date: January 29, 2008
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
INQUIRY LETTER
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 17, 2007
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL
Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. ("Lehman") received a letter dated October 29,
2007 from the Free Enterprise Action Fund (the "Proponent"), presenting a
stockholder proposal to be included in Lehman's next proxy statement (the
"Proposal"). The Proposal is attached hereto as Exhibit A, together with other
correspondence with the Proponent regarding proof of beneficial ownership. We
respectfully request that the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance (the
"Staff") confirm that it will not recommend any enforcement action against
Lehman if it omits the Proposal. We submit that the Proposal may be properly
omitted from the proxy materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because it relates
to the conduct of ordinary business operations.
The Proposal
The Proposal requests that Lehman prepare an "Environmental Sustainability
Report" by October 2008. The Proposal notes that the report may include: (i)
Lehman's operating definition of environmental sustainable development; (ii) a
review of current Lehman policies, practices and projects related to
environmental sustainability; and (iii) a summary of long-term plans to
integrate environmental sustainability objectives with Lehman's operations. In
addition, the proposal notes that the report may focus on Lehman's global
warming/climate change activities.
The supporting statement for the Proposal states, among other things, that
Lehman's management "may be taking action based on erroneous information about
global warming" and questions some of the information presented in a February
2007 report authored by Lehman's senior economic policy advisor, entitled The
Business of Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities. The report examines
how climate change, and actions taken by regulators and others based on the
belief that climate change is occurring, is likely to impact businesses in
various sectors and it discusses some of the challenges and opportunities
presented by climate change to companies and investors.
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) - Ordinary Business
Under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), a company may exclude a proposal if it deals with a
matter relating to the company's ordinary business operations. The general
policy underlying the "ordinary business" exclusion is "to confine the
resolution of ordinary business problems to management and the board of
directors, since it is impractical for shareholders to decide how to solve such
problems at an annual shareholders meeting." Exchange Act Release No. 34-40018
(May 21, 1998). This general policy rests on two central considerations: (i) "[c]ertain
tasks are so fundamental to management's ability to run a company on a
day-to-day basis that they could not, as a practical matter, be subject to
direct shareholder oversight"; and (ii) the "degree to which the proposal seeks
to `micro-manage' the company by probing too deeply into matters of a complex
nature upon which the shareholders, as a group, would not be in a position to
make an informed judgment." Id. Lehman believes that the foregoing policy
considerations clearly justify exclusion of the Proposal. As a global financial
services firm, advising investing and corporate clients of potential risks and
opportunities relating to the markets and surroundings in which they operate
constitutes part of Lehman's day-to-day business operations.
In determining whether a stockholder proposal that requests preparation and
dissemination of a special report to stockholders on specific aspects of a
company's business is excludable, the Staff has indicated that it "will consider
whether the subject matter of the special report ... involves a matter of
ordinary business." See Exchange Act Release No. 34-20091 (Aug. 16, 1983). Where
a proposal makes reference to environmental matters, the Staff has indicated
that it will "consider both the proposal and the supporting statement as a
whole," in making a determination as to whether it may be excluded on the basis
of Rule 14a-8(i)(7). See Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14C (Jun. 28, 2005). Here, the
Proposal and the supporting statement taken as a whole relate to nothing outside
of Lehman's ordinary business. Lehman regularly provides advice to companies and
investors around the world as it seeks to create value for its clients. With the
globalization of trade and investment flows, Lehman believes it is imperative
that it continue to strategically deploy its intellectual capital, capabilities
and solutions in order to better help clients meet their goals. In particular,
Lehman has recently undertaken several key initiatives to ensure that its
clients have access to and can benefit from its knowledge and experience with
the issues relating to climate change that both companies and investors face.
Lehman believes, as is noted in the February 2007 report, that climate change,
or the perception that climate change is occurring, "poses many challenges but
also presents many business opportunities" for its clients. The February 2007
report surveys investment opportunities across 16 different sectors and
approaches the topic of global warming first and foremost as an economic issue.
Regardless of whether global warming is actually taking place, legislative and
other actions being taken by policy makers that believe it is taking place are,
Lehman believes, altering the risk profile of some businesses and impacting the
outlook for certain investments.
Determining how Lehman should advise existing clients or attract new clients in
response to any development in the marketplace are clearly routine matters in
the ordinary course of Lehman's business and cannot reasonably be managed by
stockholders. Some of the statements and conclusions Lehman makes in actively
advising clients of material risks to their operations and markets, are by their
nature open to differing interpretations. The Proponent's belief that Lehman's
management "may be taking action based on erroneous information" is off the
mark, as it is clear that both businesses and investors must take legislative
and other actions surrounding global warming into account in their
decision-making. The content of Lehman's environmental reports and press
releases are inextricably interwoven with its business operations, which seek to
ensure that its existing and future clients have access to and can benefit from
its intellectual capital, regardless of subject matter.
The Staff has previously recognized the principle that determinations of what
type of product a company produces or distributes, or how that information is
used, are routine matters in the ordinary course of business and cannot
reasonably be managed by stockholders. See, e.g., Time Warner Inc. (Feb. 19,
1993) (permitting exclusion of a proposal to establish a lyric review committee
as relating to the nature, content and distribution of the company's product)
and Capital Cities/ABC Inc. (Mar. 23, 1987) (permitting exclusion of a proposal
requesting that the Board report to shareholders on, among other things,
policies to assure that the company's controversial or violent programming be
factual and balanced). The Proposal similarly deals with the nature and content
of the product, or advice, Lehman generates and deploys as part of its ordinary
business and which from time to time may be viewed as incorrect by some members
of the public or be used or construed in ways Lehman did not intend. As is noted
in the supporting statement for the Proposal, the Proponent believes that
Lehman's February 2007 report is based on "erroneous information" and implies
that the purpose of the Proposal is to ensure that management "undertake
reasonable due diligence" with respect to the content of reports generated using
corporate assets. To allow stockholder resolutions to police the content of its
advice to clients, or mandate additional reports if stockholders disagree with
the advice, would mean that many of Lehman's day-to-day business decisions would
be subject to scrutiny, or veto, by persons whose special interests or
viewpoints were touched by the intellectual capital in question. Lehman's
management is best equipped to make decisions as to the production and content
of the advice it gives to its clients in the ordinary course of its business.
Among other things, the Proposal requires that a report be prepared that
includes a summary of Lehman's plans to integrate environmental sustainability
objectives "with Lehman's operations." The Staff has concurred that proposals
requesting the preparation of a report concerning ordinary business matters
falls under the realm of ordinary business operations of a company and are
therefore excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). See Citigroup Inc. (Feb. 12, 2007)
(permitting exclusion of a proposal submitted by the Proponent here requesting
that the company prepare an annual "Equator Principles Right-to-Know Report"
regarding the impact on Citigroup's lending practices of adoption of the Equator
Principles, a banking industry framework for addressing environmental and social
risks in project financing); Wachovia Corp. (Feb. 10, 2006) and Wells Fargo &
Co. (Feb. 16, 2006) (management could exclude proposals that requested reports
addressing the effects on their business strategy of the challenges created by
global climate change). See also Chrysler Corp. (Feb. 18, 1998) (permitting
exclusion of a proposal requesting a report to shareholders based on review of
company's international code/standards, including practices related to
environmental issues). Accordingly, Lehman believes that the Proposal, which
seeks preparation of a report concerning ordinary business matters may be
omitted under Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, it is respectfully submitted that the omission
of the Proposal from Lehman's next proxy statement is proper. We respectfully
request your confirmation that the Staff will not recommend enforcement action
if the Proposal is omitted. Lehman presently anticipates mailing its proxy
materials for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on or about March 5, 2008.
We would appreciate a response from the Staff in time for Lehman to meet this
schedule. In order to facilitate delivery of the Staff's response to this
letter, the Staff's decision may be sent by facsimile to Lehman at (646)
758-2651 and to the Proponent at (301) 330-3440.
In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j), Lehman is simultaneously sending a copy of
this letter and all attachments to the Proponent. A copy of this letter has been
e-mailed to cfletters@sec.gov in compliance with the instructions found at the
Commission's web site and in lieu of our providing six additional copies of this
letter pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j).
If the Staff has any questions, requires further information, or wishes to
discuss this matter, please call me at (212) 526-0546.
Very truly yours,
LEHMAN BROTHERS HOLDINGS INC.
By: /s/
Name: Jeffrey A. Welikson
Title: Vice President and Corporate Secretary
cc. Steven J. Milloy (Action Fund Management, LLC)
Andrew R. Keller (Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP)
[APPENDIX 1]
BY FAX
October 29, 2007
Mr. Jeffrey A. Welikson
Corporate Secretary
Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc.
1301 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10019
Dear Mr. Welikson:
I hereby submit the enclosed shareholder proposal ("Proposal") for inclusion in
the Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. (the "Company") proxy statement to be
circulated to Company shareholders in conjunction with the next annual meeting
of shareholders. The Proposal is submitted under Rule 14(a)-8 (Proposals of
Security Holders) of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's proxy
regulations.
The Free Enterprise Action Fund (FEAOX) is the beneficial owner of approximately
452 shares of the Company's common stock, 273 shares of which have been held
continuously for more than a year prior to this date of submission. The FEAOX
intends to hold the shares through the date of the Company's next annual meeting
of shareholders. Proof of ownership will be submitted by separate
correspondence.
The FEAOX's designated representatives on this matter are Mr. Steven J. Milloy
and Dr. Thomas J. Borelli, both of Action Fund Management, LLC, 12309 Briarbush
Lane, Potomac, MD 20854. Action Fund Management, LLC is the investment adviser
to the FEAOX. Either Mr. Milloy or Dr. Borelli will present the Proposal for
consideration at the annual meeting of shareholders.
If you have any questions or wish to discuss the Proposal, please contact Mr.
Milloy at 301-258-2852. Copies of correspondence or a request for a "no-action"
letter should be forwarded to Mr. Milloy c/o Action Fund Management, LLC, 12309
Briarbush Lane, Potomac, MD 20854.
Sincerely,
/s/
Steven J. Milloy
Managing Partner
Investment Adviser to the FEAOX, Owner of Lehman Brothers Holdings Common Stock
Attachment: Shareholder Proposal: Environmental Sustainability Report
[APPENDIX 2]
Environmental Sustainability Report
Resolved: The shareholders request that the Board of Directors prepare by
October 2008, at reasonable expense and omitting proprietary information, an
Environmental Sustainability Report. The report may include:
1. Lehman's operating definition of environmental sustainable development;
2. A review of current Lehman's policies, practices and projects related to
environmental sustainability; and
3. A summary of long-term plans to integrate environmental sustainability
objectives with Lehman's operations.
The report may focus on Lehman's global warming/climate change activities.
Supporting Statement:
Lehman says that it "is engaged in efforts to find environmentally sustainable
solutions and to develop market-based solutions in response to the threat posed
by climate change..." [Press Release, September 26, 2007]
But it seems that management may be taking action based on erroneous information
about global warming.
Management uses the so-called "hockey stick" chart to support the notion that
"the Earth's mean temperature has risen sharply in recent decades." [See
Lehman's "The Business of Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities," p.6
(February 2007).]
But the hockey stick graph has been scientifically discredited. [See e.g., U.S.
Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, "Inhofe Says NAS Report
Reaffirms `Hockey Stick' Is Broken" (June 22, 2006), http://epw.senate.gov/pressitem.cfm?id=257697&party=rep.]
Moreover, the discrediting of the hockey stick graph occurred long before Lehman
issued its February 2007 report.
Shareholders expect that management will undertake reasonable due diligence
before undertaking action with corporate assets as management action based on
erroneous information may not be "sustainable" for shareholders or the
environment.
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 27, 2007
VIA OVERNIGHT DELIVERY
Office of the Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20549
Re: Shareowner Proposal of the Free Enterprise Action Fund to Lehman Brothers
Holdings, Inc. under Exchange Act Rule 14a-8
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter is submitted on behalf of the Free Enterprise Action Fund ("FEAOX")
in response to a December 17, 2007 request from Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc.
("Lehman") to the Division of Corporation Finance ("Staff") for a no-action
letter concerning the above-captioned shareowner proposal.
Action Fund Management, LLC is the investment advisor to the FEAOX and is
authorized to act on its behalf in this matter.
We believe that Lehman's request is without merit and that there is no legal or
factual basis for Lehman to exclude the Proposal from its 2008 Proxy Materials.
Finally, we request that Mr. Thomas J. Kim, chief counsel of the Division of
Corporation Finance and a former attorney for the General Electric Company,
formally recuse himself from any role in this matter.
I. Environmental sustainability is a significant social policy issue that
overcomes the "ordinary business operations" exception.
The Proposal requests that Lehman prepare an Environmental Sustainability
Report. Environmental sustainability is the sort of significant social policy
issue that the Staff has deemed transcends the "ordinary business operations"
exception for shareholder proposals. [See Exchange Act Release 40,018 (May 21,
1998) and Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14C, part D.2 (June 28, 2005)].
II. The Staff has previously refused a no-action request on a similar
shareholder proposal.
In 2006, for example, the Staff refused a no-action request from Wendy's
International concerning a shareholder proposal submitted by Domini Social
Investments for an environmental sustainability report. Other similar precedent
may exist. The current Proposal is substantially similar to the one at issue in
the Wendy's International matter.
III. Shareholder proposals for environmental sustainability reports are common.
Many registrants have included (willingly or not) environmental sustainability
proposals in their proxy materials including Comerica (filed April 11, 2007),
Goldman Sachs (filed March 19, 2007), Kellogg (filed March 19, 2007) and Wendy's
Int'l (filed March 12, 2007). The environmental sustainability report requested
by the Proposal is not materially different from any of the proposals already
included in proxy materials.
IV. Thomas Kim should recuse himself from this matter.
We request that Thomas Kim, chief counsel of the Staff, recuse himself from this
matter because he is a former attorney for the General Electric Company ("GE")
and he may be biased against the FEAOX because of its shareholder activities.
While Mr. Kim was employed by GE:
The Staff twice refused to grant GE no-action requests on global warming
shareholder proposals filed by the FEAOX;
FEAOX re-filed its global warming proposal on October 30, 2007 while Mr. Kim
may still have been employed by GE;
A member of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, GE's law firm, was sanctioned by his
employer for sending an obscene e-mail to the FEAOX related to a shareholder
proposal filed with GE. See http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2007/02/12/law-blog-email-of-the-day-by-gibson-dunns-larry-simms/.
GE joined the U.S. Climate Action Partnership, many members of which have
received shareholder proposals from the FEAOX.
V. Conclusion
Based upon the forgoing analysis, we respectfully request that the Staff reject
Lehman's request for a "no-action" letter concerning the Proposal. If the Staff
does not concur with our position, we would appreciate the opportunity to confer
with the Staff concerning these matters prior to the issuance of its response.
Also, we request to be party to any and all communications between the Staff and
Lehman and its representatives concerning the Proposal.
A copy of this correspondence has been timely provided to Lehman and its
counsel. In the interest of a fair and balanced process, we request that the
Staff notify the undersigned if it receives any correspondence on the Proposal
from Lehman or other persons, unless that correspondence has specifically
confirmed to the Staff that the Proponent or the undersigned have timely been
provided with a copy of the correspondence. If we can provide additional
correspondence to address any questions that the Staff may have with respect to
this correspondence or Lehman's no-action request, please do not hesitate to
call me at 301-258-2852.
Sincerely,
/s/
Steven J. Milloy
Managing Partner & General Counsel
cc: Jeffrey Welikson, Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc.
Charlene Caprio, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
January 29, 2008
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. Incoming letter dated December 17, 2007
The proposal requests that the board of directors prepare an environmental
sustainability report.
We are unable to concur in your view that Lehman
may exclude the proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(7). Accordingly, we do not believe
that Lehman may omit the proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule
14a-8(i)(7).
Sincerely,
/s/
John R. Fieldsend
Attorney-Adviser
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