Company Name: Citigroup Inc. (Missionary Oblates)
Public Availability Date: February 20, 2008
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
APPENDIX 3
INQUIRY LETTER
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 20, 2007
Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporate Finance
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Stockholder Proposal to Citigroup Inc. of Missionary Oblates of Mary
Immaculate, The Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth, Sisters of St. Dominic of
Caldwell New Jersey, Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic, Inc., Dominican Sisters
of Blauvelt, Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, The Sisters of Saint Francis
of Philadelphia, and Benedictine Sisters of Boerne, Texas ("Proponents")
Dear Sir or Madam:
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(d) of the rules and regulations promulgated under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Act"), enclosed herewith for
filing are six copies of the stockholder proposal and supporting statement
submitted by the Proponents, for inclusion in the proxy to be furnished to
stockholders by Citigroup in connection with its annual meeting of stockholders
to be held on or about April 22, 2008. Also enclosed for filing are six copies
of a statement outlining the reasons Citigroup Inc. deems the omission of the
attached stockholder proposal from its proxy statement and form of proxy to be
proper pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7) and Rule 14a-8(i)(10) promulgated under the
Act.
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) under the Act provides that a registrant may omit a shareholder
proposal from its proxy statement "if the proposal deals with a matter relating
to the company's ordinary business operations."
Rule 14a-8(i)(10) under the Act provides that a registrant may omit a
shareholder proposal from its proxy statement "if the company has already
substantially implemented the proposal."
By copy of this letter and the enclosed material, Citigroup Inc. is notifying
the Proponents of its intention to omit the proposal from its proxy statement
and form of proxy. Citigroup Inc. currently plans to file its definitive proxy
soliciting material with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about
March 12, 2008. Kindly acknowledge receipt of this letter and the enclosed
material by stamping the enclosed copy of this letter and returning it in the
enclosed self-addressed, stamped envelope. If you have any comments or questions
concerning this matter, please contact me at 212 793 7396.
Very truly yours,
/s/
Shelley J. Dropkin
General Counsel,
Corporate Governance
Enclosures
cc: Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate. The Sisters of Charity of Saint
Elizabeth, Sisters of St. Dominic of Caldwell New Jersey, Maryknoll Sisters of
St. Dominic, Inc., Dominican Sisters of Blauvelt, Sisters of St. Joseph of
Carondelet, The Sisters of Saint Francis of Philadelphia, and Benedictine
Sisters of Boerne, Texas
[APPENDIX 1]
STATEMENT OF INTENT TO OMIT STOCKHOLDER PROPOSAL
Citigroup Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Citi" or the "Company"), intends to
omit the stockholder proposal and supporting statement (the "Proposal") a copy
of which is annexed hereto as Exhibit A, submitted by Missionary Oblates of Mary
Immaculate, The Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth, Sisters of Saint Dominic
of Caldwell, New Jersey, Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic, Inc., Dominican
Sisters of Blauvelt, Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, The Sisters of St.
Francis of Philadelphia, and Benedictine Sisters of Boerne, Texas (the
"Proponents") for inclusion in its proxy statement and form of proxy (together,
the "2008 Proxy Materials") to be distributed to stockholders in connection with
the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on or about April 22, 2008.
The Proposal requests that "the company disclose on its website (omitting
proprietary information and at reasonable cost) quarterly collateral and other
credit risk management policies for its off balance sheet exposures as well as
dollar exposure in the following areas: Structured Investment Vehicles,
Structured Securities and Conduits."
The Company believes that the Proposal may be omitted from the 2008 proxy
materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7) and Rule 14a-8(i)(10) of the rules and
regulations promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
("Exchange Act"). Rule 14a-8(i)(7) provides that a proposal may be omitted if it
"deals with a matter relating to the company's ordinary business operations."
Moreover, the Proposal does not raise any significant social policy issues. Rule
14a-8(i)(10) provides that a company may omit a proposal if it has substantially
implemented it.
THE PROPOSAL MAY BE OMITTED BECAUSE IT (i) REQUESTS ADDITIONAL REPORTS TO
STOCKHOLDERS ON ORDINARY BUSINESS MATTERS PERTAINING TO LIQUIDITY AND RISK
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND (ii) SEEKS TO PRESCRIBE THE CONTENT, FREQUENCY AND
METHOD OF SUCH ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES, ALL OF WHICH ARE MATTERS THAT RELATE TO
THE COMPANY'S ORDINARY BUSINESS OPERATIONS
Decisions Related to the Scope, Timing and Method of Disclosure Pertaining to
Ordinary Business Matters Are Core Management Functions
The Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission") promulgates rules
governing the appropriate disclosure required to be provided by companies in
order to allow stockholders and potential investors to evaluate an investment in
the company based on ample and relevant information, including risks. Decisions
to disclose additional information beyond that which is required by the
Commission fall squarely within management's ordinary business judgment. The
Proposal requests that the Company disclose on its website on a quarterly basis
prescribed financial information pertaining to collateral related to off balance
sheet exposures, as well as dollar exposures pertaining to structured investment
vehicles, structured securities and conduits.
In Exchange Act Release No. 34-40018 (the "1998 Release"), the Commission
explained the policy underlying the ordinary business exclusion by stating, in
part: "Certain tasks are so fundamental to management's ability to run a company
on a day-to-day basis that they could not, as a practical matter, be subject to
direct shareholder oversight." The additional disclosure requested in the
Proposal relates to strategies employed by the Company primarily for the
securitization of assets (for example, credit card receivables, mortgages and
other loan products, as well as trade receivables of corporate clients) in order
to enhance liquidity and manage risk. Because these risk management instruments
and strategies are embedded in the constructs of a broad segment of the
day-to-day transactions of a multi-national banking company, such as Citigroup,
these matters implicate core management functions, and any decisions related to
disclosure in this area fall squarely within the Company's ordinary business
operations.
Disclosure regarding the matters that are the subject of the Proposal can be
found on pages 6-7, 9, 45-47, and note 13 of the financial statements on pages
68-73 in Citigroup's 2007 Third Quarter 10-Q, as well as its 8-K of November 4,
2007. The relevant portions of these public filings are annexed hereto as
Exhibit B. Management, in the exercise of its ordinary business judgment, has
determined that the nature and extent of the disclosures related to such
strategies is appropriate, in accordance with applicable laws, rules and
regulations.
The Proposal is very similar to a number of other proposals that the Staff of
the Division of Corporate Finance of the SEC ("Staff") has consistently deemed
inappropriate for shareholder consideration under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), because they
requested supplemental reports to stockholders on ordinary business matters,
such as financial information and risk management.
In Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (July 28, 2006), the Staff declined to
recommend enforcement action against a company that omitted a proposal
requesting it to post on its website monthly statistics regarding its clinical
trials. See also AmerInst Insurance Group. Ltd. (April 14, 2005) (proposal
requesting a company to provide a full, complete and adequate disclosure of the
accounting, each calendar quarter, of its line items of Operating and Management
expenses omitted under Rule 14a-8(i)(7)).
In Newmont Mining Corporation (February 4, 2004), the Staff declined to
recommend enforcement action against a company that omitted a proposal
requesting the board to publish a comprehensive report on the risks to the
company's operations, profitability and reputation arising from social and
environmental liabilities. Similarly, in The Chubb Corporation (January 25,
2004), the Staff declined to recommend enforcement action against a company that
omitted a stockholder proposal requesting that the board of directors prepare a
report providing an assessment of management's strategies for evaluating the
risks and benefits of the impact of climate change on its businesses pursuant to
Rule 14a-8(i)(7). See also The Mead Corporation (January 31, 2001) (proposal
requesting a report on liability protection methodology and risk evaluation
omitted under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) and Staff stated, "We note in particular that the
proposal appears to focus on Mead's liability methodology and evaluation of
risk.")
THE COMPANY ALREADY PROVIDES THE EXPANDED DISCLOSURE REQUESTED IN THE PROPOSAL
IN ITS PERIODIC PUBLIC FILINGS AND THEREFORE, THE PROPOSAL MAY BE OMITTED UNDER
RULE 14A-8(i)(10)
The Proposal may be omitted pursuant Rule 14a-8(i)(10) because the Company
provides substantially all of the requested disclosures as demonstrated in a
review of the information found in the pages of Exhibit B, cited above, in
Citigroup's third quarter 10-Q and November 5, 2007 8-K, which include
discussions and data pertaining to each of the items requested in the Proposal.
It is well settled that a proposal may be omitted under Rule 14a-8(i)(10) if a
company has substantially implemented it. In Honeywell International Inc.
(February 21, 2007), the Staff declined to recommend enforcement action against
a company that had omitted a proposal seeking a sustainability report to
stockholders pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(10) because the company already prepared
such report and made it available on its website. Similarly, the Company
believes its enhanced disclosures in its periodic filings and intent to continue
doing so demonstrate that it has substantially implemented the Proposal.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Company believes the Proposal may be omitted
pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7) and Rule 14a-8(10).
[APPENDIX 2]
November 7, 2007
Sir Win Bischoff
Acting Chief Executive Officer
Citigroup
399 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10043
Dear Sir Bischoff:
The Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate are a religious order in the Roman
Catholic tradition with over 4,000 members and missionaries in more than 60
countries throughout the world. We are members of the Interfaith Center on
Corporate Responsibility a coalition of 275 faith-based institutions committed
to socially responsible investments. We are the beneficial owners of 7,955
shares in Citigroup and plan to hold shares at least until the annual meeting.
Verification of our ownership of this stock is enclosed.
As a congregation with a presence in more than 60 countries we are deeply
concerned about the long-term impact of financial crisis & turmoil on the
financial system and any collateral impacts on people in developing countries.
Over the years, we have expressed our concerns to representatives of our company
and are profoundly distressed by the failure of the company to evaluate
correctly the risks and credit worthiness of some of the instruments that were
engaged.
It is with this in mind that we are submitting the attached resolution for
consideration and action by the stockholders at the annual meeting. I hereby
submit it for inclusion in the proxy statement in accordance with Rule 14-a-8 of
the General Rules and Regulations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
If you have any questions or concerns on this. please do not hesitate to contact
me.
Sincerely,
/s/
Seamus P. Finn, OMI
Director
Justice, Peace and Integrity of Creation Office
Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
[APPENDIX 3]
Disclosure of off balance sheet liabilities and exposure
Whereas the absence of reliable information about the many complex off-balance
sheet instruments that are held in the portfolios of large financial
institutions increases panictype behavior during times of crisis, a problem that
the new accounting rules, which were put in place after the collapse of Enron,
were intended to address but have not;
Whereas according to David Dodge, Governor of the Bank of Canada, "credit
conditions were eased by increased securitization and movement of financial risk
off the balance sheets" and now this cure is a significant source of the current
crisis;
Whereas according the Financial Times "the toll of big bank losses from the
[current] credit squeeze topped $180 billion";,
Whereas "history shows that panicky conditions end when information improves.
Markets would stabilise when banks, hedge funds and other institutional
investors start disclosing more about their holdings of questionable assets".
(Henry T. Azzman, CEO of Middle East & North Africa/Deutsche Bank);
Whereas the IMF, in its September 2007, `Global Financial Stability Report'
stated that "Financial institutions could be more transparent and disclose to
investors and counterpartics how their market risk management systems would
react and could be managed in a stressed environment.";
Whereas the instability triggered in the financial markets by the subprime
lending problem is prompting calls by regulators and others to update
regulations dealing with innovations in the mortgage business and the broader
financial markets;
Whereas even Federal regulators have been unable to obtain needed information
about off-balance sheet exposures. Treasury Secretary Paulson stated: `The
regulators didn't have clear enough visibility with what was going on in terms
of these off-balance-sheet SIV's.[Structured Investment Vehicles]";
Whereas Citigroup in its latest financial results showed that it administers
off-balance-sheet conduit vehicles used to issue commercial paper that have
assets of about $77 billion and is affiliated with structured investment
vehicles that have an additional approximately $80 billion in assets, all of
which remain off the bank's balance sheet;
Whereas Citigroup Inc.'s, 2007 third-quarter earnings declined 57 percent; it
wrote off $3.55 billion from deteriorating securities prices, leveraged loans
and bad trading bets and set aside an additional $2.24 billion to cover future
losses from failing mortgages and consumer loans, indicating that its reserves
had been substantially depleted, Therefore be it resolved that the shareholders
request the company to disclose on its website (omitting proprietary information
and at a reasonable cost) quarterly collateral and other credit risk management
policies for its off balance sheet exposures as well as dollar exposure in the
following areas:
Structured Investment Vehicles
Structured securities
Conduits
[INQUIRY LETTER]
February 15, 2008
Securities & Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, D.C. 20549
Att: Will Hines, Esq. Office of the Chief Counsel Division of Corporation
Finance
Via fax 202-772-9201
Re: Shareholder Proposal submitted to Citigroup, Inc.
Dear Sir/Madam:
I have been asked by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, the Sisters of
Charity of St. Elizabeth, the Sisters of St. Dominic of Caldwell, New Jersey,
the Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic, the Dominican Sisters of Blauvelt, the
Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, the Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia
and the Benedictine Sisters of Boerne, Texas (hereinafter collectively referred
to as the "Proponents"), each of which is a beneficial owner of shares of common
stock of Citigroup, Inc. (hereinafter referred to either as "Citi" or the
Company"), and who have jointly submitted a shareholder proposal to Citi, to
respond to the letter dated December 20, 2007, sent to the Securities & Exchange
Commission by the Company, in which Citi contends that the Proponents'
shareholder proposal may be excluded from the Company's year 2008 proxy
statement by virtue of Rules 14a-8(i)(7) and 14a-8(i)(10).
I have reviewed the Proponents' shareholder proposal, as well as the aforesaid
letter sent by the Company, and based upon the foregoing, as well as upon a
review of Rule 14a-8, it is my opinion that the Proponents' shareholder proposal
must be included in Citi's year 2008 proxy statement and that it is not
excludable by virtue of either of the cited rules.
The Proponents' shareholder proposal requests Citi to disclose periodically its
"collateral and other credit risk management policies" and "dollar exposure" for
"Structured Investment Vehicles", "Structured Securities" and "Conduits".
BACKGROUND
It is unnecessary to rehearse the credit crunch that has resulted from the
sub-prime mortgage crisis. Suffice it to say that at the core of the problem has
been the various bank and investment bank created off balance sheet investment
vehicles that have been created in abundance in recent years to hold, among
other assets, CMOs (containing many, or mostly, sub prime mortgages) and credit
swaps (usually based on these types of CMOs). Since the underlying assets of
these vehicles are themselves opaque, these off balance sheet entities
themselves have been, to say the least, opaque.
This lack of disclosure has been widely decried. For example, the Financial
Times of January 26/27, 2008, (all Financial Times dates refer to the US
edition) stated, with respect to the underlying assets of these off balance
sheet entities:
Banks that produce complex and illiquid derivative products that have been at
the heart of the credit squeeze might be forced to provide more information
about their products on public stock exchanges.
Leaders of NYSE Euronext, the US-European exchange group, said yesterday that
global regulators were considering telling banks they must disclose basic data
about such contracts, many of which have fallen sharply after the US subprime
housing crisis.
The move would be a first step towards increasing disclosure on one of the most
illiquid and little-understood areas of modern financial markets. The rapid
growth of the credit derivative markets, and the lack of information about many
contracts, has exacerbated the loss of investor confidence in debt markets.
Duncan Niederauer, chief executive of NYSE Euronext, told a media briefing in
Davos that the exchange had been approached by global regulators asking whether
it and other stock exchanges could become clearing houses for information on
over-the-counter contracts such as collateralised debt obligations and credit
default swaps.
"There is a severe lack of transparency in some of these instruments. You cannot
punch a screen and say: `What is the quote for this exotic piece of paper?' I
would think a natural first step might be to, say, turn us into a quoting and
reporting facility," he said.
European securities regulators and the Securities and Exchange Commission in the
US are reviewing the steps needed to prevent a recurrence of the credit crisis
of the past few months. One of the biggest shocks was the rapid loss of
confidence in complex instruments that were sold by banks to handfuls of
investors.
Jean-Francois Theodore, NYSE Euronext deputy chief executive, said banks might
initially be asked to provide some data about securities and disclose the price
of transactions.
"They [regulators] want to oblige the person who creates the piece of paper to
do a little more than absolutely nothing," he said.
Even if regulators tell banks that they must disclose data on OTC contracts,
they may prefer to do so through their own trade reporting platforms rather than
public stock exchanges, with which they compete for equity trades.
Similarly, The New York Times of January 27, 2008 (Financial Section) quoted the
economist Henry Kaufman as indicating that the current credit problems are much
more severe than other credit crunches of recent memory:
In the latter part of the 1970s and early 80s we had the problems of Brazil,
Argentina, Mexico not paying their debts. Those were kind of nice, isolated
items and could be clearly defined. They weren't as opaque and they weren't as
heterogeneous as the problems in the credit market now.
One reason why the crisis is so severe is uncertainty concerning counter-party
risk. The Wall Street Journal published, on January 18, 2008, a first page
article entitled "Growing Default Fears Unnerve U.S. Markets", which, inter
alia, described many interest swaps as the equivalent of naked short sales:
The turmoil on Wall Street is beginning to rock a foundation of the financial
system: the ability of institutions to make good on their many trades with one
another....
At the center of these concerns is a vast, barely regulated market in which
banks, hedge funds and others trade insurance against debt defaults. This isn't
like life insurance or homeowners' insurance, which states regulate closely. It
consists of financial contracts called credit-default swaps, in which one party,
for a price, assumes the risk that a bond or loan will go bad. This market is
vast: about $45 trillion, a number comparable to all of the deposits in banks
around the world. [An op ed by Wolfgang Munchau in the Financial Times of
January 14, 2008, states that this $45 trillion market is "not an easy figure to
imagine. It is more than three times the annual gross domestic product of the
U.S."]
Not everyone who buys one of these contracts has bonds to insure; because the
value of an insurance contract rises or falls with perceptions of risk, some
players buy them just to speculate. In much the way gamblers make side bets on
football games, a financial institution, hedge fund or other player can make
unlimited bets on whether corporate loans or mortgage-backed securities will
either strengthen or go sour.
If they default, everyone is supposed to settle up with each other, the way
gamblers settle up with their bookies after a game. Even if there isn't a
default, if the market value of the debt changes, parties in a swap may be
required to make large payments to each other.
This being Wall Street, the investors often use heavy borrowing to magnify their
wagers.
The article went on to state:
With many bond values falling and defaults rising, especially in the mortgage
arena, some institutions involved in these trades are weakened. This has
investors and regulators worried that, through such swaps, some market players
could spread their own problems to the wider financial system.
"You are essentially counting on the reliability of strangers" to pay up on
their contracts, notes Warren Buffett, the Omaha billionaire. In some cases, he
says, market players can't determine whether their trading partners have the
ability to pay in times of severe market stress.
The issue is raising broader concern among regulators and investors over what
Wall Street calls "counterparty risk," the danger that one party in a trade
can't pay its losses. A recent survey by Greenwich Associates found that 26% of
investors were worried about counterparty risk, nearly double those who said so
in a poll last March.
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bemanke, testifying before Congress yesterday,
noted that "market participants still express considerable uncertainty about the
appropriate valuation of complex financial assets and about the extent of
additional losses that may be disclosed in the future." He said bad financial
news has the potential to limit the amount of credit available to households and
businesses....
This isn't the first time the financial world has shuddered at counterparty
risk. In the spring of 2005, the downgrading of General Motors Corp. and Ford
Motor Co. bonds to "junk" status led to losses for hedge funds that had bought
exposure to these bonds through credit-default swaps.
A far bigger problem came in 1998, when the big hedge fund Long Term Capital
Management nearly collapsed. Regulators scrambled to arrange an industry
bailout, fearing broad damage to the world financial system if LTCM couldn't
make good on billions of dollars of trades with others.
The LTCM crisis involved just one fund, enabling regulators to track its scope
quickly. It's possible that as in the LTCM and auto-bond instances, the markets
will soon stabilize without further trouble. But the landscape today is more
complex. Traders increasingly sell their credit-risk commitments to other
investors in multiple layers, making it difficult to know where the risk
ultimately resides....
The market for swaps has grown fivefold just since 2004. It has no publicly
posted prices; the contracts are sold privately among dealers. The market began
12 years ago with insurance against defaults on corporate bonds, expanding in
2005 to mortgage securities....
Bill Gross, chief investment officer at Allianz SE's Pacific Investment
Management Co, or Pimco, recently told investors that if defaults in
investment-grade and junk corporate bonds this year approach historical norms of
1.25% (versus a mere 0.5% in 2007), sellers of default insurance on such bonds
could face losses of $250 billion on the contracts. That, he said, would equal
the losses some expect in the subprime-mortgage arena.
With no central trade processing of credit-default swaps, defining
trading-partner risks can be a Herculean task. Mr. Buffett learned the
difficulty of unraveling such complex instruments in 2002 when he directed
General Re Corp., a reinsurer that had been acquired by his Berkshire Hathaway
Inc., to pull back from the business of these swaps and other derivatives. It
took General Re four years to whittle the business from 23,218 contracts to 197
by the end of 2006.
Doing so involved tracking down hundreds of counterparties to General Re's
trades, many of which Mr. Buffett and his colleagues had never heard of, he
says, including a bank in Finland and a small loan company in Japan, to name
just two. One contract, Mr. Buffett says, was designed to run for 100 years. "We
lost over $400 million on contracts that were supposedly" safe and properly
priced, "and we did it in a leisurely way in a benign market," Mr. Buffett says.
"If we had to unwind it in one month, who knows what would have happened?"
Bill Gross, "manager of the world's largest bond fund at Pimco" and the bond
world's equivalent to Warren Buffet in the stock world, was quoted in the
Financial Times of January 11, 2008:
So when Bill Gross, manager of the world's largest bond fund at Pimco, warned
this week the CDS world could create new systemic risks, investors were
understandably concerned.
Mr Gross pointed out that in recent years credit derivatives had been heavily
used by the so-called shadow banking system - or the assortment of thinly
capitalised, off balance sheet vehicles that have been created by banks this
decade. These entities might struggle to meet their obligations if derivative
contracts are triggered, creating so-called counterparty risk for those
expecting to be paid.
"The conduits that hold CDS contracts are, in effect, non-regulated banks," says
Mr Gross. "[There are] no requirements to hold reserves against a significant
`black swan' run that might break them."
The lack of transparency with respect to the types of off balance sheet vehicles
that are the subject of the Proponents' shareholder proposal was discussed in
the "Lex Column" of the Financial Times on January 10, 2008:
The idea that accounts represent the truth would amuse many seasoned investors.
Still, even fanatical annual report readers would have struggled to predict
banks' exposure to financial detritus such as structured investment vehicles,
collateralised debt obligations and conduits. Citigroup estimates European banks
could see [Euro-dollar]450bn worth of "involuntary" growth in assets as
off-balance sheet activity is consolidated in their accounts.
The International Accounting Standards Board, with the blessing of US standard
setters, is considering how better to capture off-balance sheet activity. One
idea is to publish a "parallel balance sheet" in the form of a footnote. This
would detail exposure to unconsolidated vehicles, along with a sensitivity
analysis. There are some good arguments for this. Capital adequacy rules, unlike
accounts, often define assets taking into account contingent commitments to
extend loans to customers.
Similarly, according to the Financial Times (January 17, 2008):
Josef Ackermann, chief executive of Deutsche Bank, has called for a thorough
overhaul of the operations of investment banks and regulators to combat a
widespread loss of investor confidence in complex finance.
Banks needed to find ways of making complex structured products, such as
mortgage securities, far more transparent, thus reducing investors' dependency
on credit ratings, Mr Ackermann said.
"Improved transparency is decisive, including disclosure of off-balance-sheet
exposures, such as structured investment vehicles," Mr Ackermann said in a
private speech to the London School of Economics this week. Deutsche Bank is now
circulating the speech to key clients and regulators.
Regulators had to shift from their emphasis on regulatory capital issues to a
more "holistic" approach that also monitored banks' liquidity positions.
"In the early 1930s, the SEC restored confidence in markets by providing
transparency on share prices ... sound pricing infrastructure needs to be
developed [for complex] new products," said Mr Ackermann.
The comments are some of the most outspoken calls for reform made by a senior
banker. But Mr Ackermann's remarks reflect an intensifying debate behind the
scenes between policymakers and bankers about how best to respond to the credit
squeeze.
These discussions are likely to intensify next week when regulators, bankers and
world leaders gather for the World Economic Forum in Davos, not least because
central bankers and regulators are expected to issue calls for policy reform in
the spring.
Some Wall Street and City bankers fear the mounting toll of losses linked to
subprime-linked securities and other debt will soon prompt US politicians and
regulators to clamp down on complex finance.
However, bankers such as Mr Ackermann hope this can be avoided if the industry
is seen to reform itself.
The Proponents' shareholder proposal is a step in the attempt to convince the
industry to reform itself.
Many banks, including Citi, have been forced to liquidate their SIVs or to take
them onto their own balance sheets.
As a result of the credit crisis, according to The Wall Street Journal of
January 18, 2008, Citi has thus far written down certain of its assets by some
$19,900,000,000. (or more than 10% of the total losses by all savings and loan
associations in the S&L crisis of 1986-1995 according to figures published in
The Wall Street Journal of January 16, 2008), and reported a fourth quarter,
2007, loss of $9,830,000,000. As a result of these losses (and presumably to
shore up its balance sheet against future losses), Citi has been forced to raise
some $30,000,000,000 in additional equity capital (mostly from foreign
governmental agencies) via sales of preferred stock or similar instruments. (See
Citi press release of January 22, 2008, available on its website.) These capital
raising efforts included some $12,500,000. in convertible preferred stock sold
in January mostly to foreign governments which will incur some $875,000,000. in
annual dividend payments (thus decreasing income per common share). Similarly,
sales of $7,500,000,000 in securities in December to an entity of the government
of Abu Dhabi carry an annual "dividend" payment of some $875,000,000. The total
annual "preferred" dividend payments on the $30,000,000,000 raised total in
excess of $2,500,000,000 per annual. (thus decreasing income per common share).
Citi, not coincidentally, has announced a 40% cut in its dividend on its common
stock. Most of the newly issued "preferred" securities are convertible into
common stock, which, if converted, will dilute the current common stock holders.
Citi has also announced major layoffs
RULE 14a-8(i)(10)
We are more than a little perplexed by Citi's contention that it has already
disclosed the information requested in the Proponents' shareholder proposal.
Citi, without citing any specific page or statistic, simply attached two
exhibits and says that everything is to be found in those exhibits. Without more
specificity, this hardly meets the burden of proof, that rests on Citi, to
establish the applicability of Rule 14a-8(i)(10).
One of those two exhibits is an 8-K filed on November 5, 2007. That document
talks about Citi's "sub-prime direct exposures". Since the Proponents'
shareholder proposal does not request any information about the Company's direct
sub-prime exposure, but rather information pertaining to off balance sheet
vehicles, the entire exhibit is irrelevant. Apparently Citi has decided to use
the kitchen sink approach, throwing everything that it can find, no matter how
irrelevant, at the problem hoping that something will somehow stick. (We note
also that the 8-K says that Citi "has no plans to reduce" its dividend. It
lowered its dividend a few weeks later.)
A search of the 10-Q is only slightly more productive. The information provided
concerns mostly securitizations by the Company and Citi's direct ownership of
CMOs, CDOs and VIEs that are already consolidated on the balance sheet. Thus, of
the 13 pages provided by the Company, only two pages plus part of one footnote
contain information on SIVs and conduits. To ease the search for the relevant
data lost in the sea of materials submitted that information is as follows:
From the MD&A (at P. 7):
CAI's Structured Investment Vehicles (SIVs)
CAI's Global Credit Structures investment center is the investment manager for
seven Structured Investment Vehicles (SIVs). SIVs are special purpose investment
companies that seek to generate attractive risk-adjusted floatingrate returns
through the use of financial leverage and credit management skills, while
hedging Interest rate and currency risks and managing credit, liquidity and
operational risks. The basic investment strategy is to earn a spread between
relatively inexpensive short-term funding (commercial paper and medium-term
notes) and high quality asset portfolios with a medium-term duration, with the
leverage effect providing attractive returns to junior note holders, who are
third-party Investors and who provide the capital to the SIVs.
Citigroup has no contractual obligation to provide liquidity facilities or
guarantees to any of the Citi-advised SIVs and does not own any equity positions
in the SIVs. The SIVs have no direct exposure to U.S. sub-prime assets and have
approximately $70 million of indirect exposure to sub-prime assets through CDOs
which are AAA rated and carry credit enhancements. Approximately 98% of the
SIVs' assets are fully funded through the end of 2007. Beginning in July 2007,
the SIVs which Citigroup advises sold more than $19 billion of SIV assets,
bringing the combined assets of the Citigroup-advised SIVs to approximately $83
billion at September 30, 2007. See additional discussion on page 46.
The current lack of liquidity in the Asset-Backed Commercial Paper (ABCP) market
and the resulting slowdown of the CP market for SIV-Issued CP have put
significant pressure on the ability of all SIVs, Including the Citi-advised
SIVs, to refinance maturing CP.
While Citigroup does not consolidate the assets of the SIVs, the Company has
provided liquidity to the SIVs at arm's-length commercial terms totaling $10
billion of committed liquidity, $7.6 billion of which has been drawn as of
October 31, 2007. Citigroup will not take actions that will require the Company
to consolidate the SIVs. [Note: five weeks later the SIVs were consolidated on
Citi's balance sheet.]
Master Liquidity Enhancing Condult (M-LEC)
In October 2007, Citigroup, J.P. Morgan Chase and Bank of America Initiated a
plan to back a new fund, called the Master Liquidity Enhancing Conduit (M-LEC)
that intends to buy assets from SIVs advised by Citigroup and other third-party
institutions. This is being done as part of an effort to avert the situation
where the SIVs will be forced to liquidate significant amounts of
mortgage-backed securities, resulting in a broad-based repricing of these assets
in the market at steep discounts.
SIVs, including those advised by Cltigroup, have experienced difficulties in
refinancing maturing commercial paper and medium-term notes, due to reduced
liquidity in the market for commercial paper.
We note that the plan for the M-LEC, described above, was subsequently
abandoned. On page 46 of its 10-Q Citi stated the following about the types of
off balance sheet vehicles that are the subject of the Proponents' shareholder
proposal:
Creation of Other Investment and Financing Products
The Company has established SIVs, which issue junior notes, medium-term notes
and short-term commercial paper to fund the purchase of high quality assets. The
SIVs provide a return to their investors based on the net spread between the
cost to issue the short-term debt and the return realized by the medium-term
assets. The Company acts as investment manager for the SIVs, but is not
contractually obligated to provide liquidity facilities or guarantees to the
SIVs.
The following tables summarize the seven Citigroup-advised SIVs as of September
30, 2007 and the aggregate asset mix and credit quality of the SIV assets. See
page 7 for a further discussion.
[See the two tables set forth in the Company's letter that show $83.1 billion in
assets in the SIVs, with 54% in AAA rated investments and 100% in A rated or
higher. The tables also show that the SIVs were funded with $78.6 billion of
Commercial Paper and Medium Term Notes.]
The SIVs have no direct exposure to U.S. sub-prime assets and have approximately
$70 million of indirect exposure to sub-prime assets through CDOs which are AAA
rated and carry credit enhancements.
The Company packages and securitizes assets purchased in the financial markets
in order to create new securities offerings, including arbitrage CDOs and
synthetic CDOs for institutional clients and retail customers, which match the
clients' investment needs and preferences. An arbitrage CDO is an investment
vehicle designed to take advantage of the difference between the yield on a
portfolio of selected assets and the cost of funding the CDO through the sale of
notes to investors. Arbitrage CDOs are classified as either "cash flow" CDOs, in
which the vehicle passes on cash flows from a relatively static pool of assets,
or "market value" CDOs, where the pool of assets is actively managed by a third
party. In a synthetic CDO, the entity enters into derivative transactions which
provide a return similar to a cash instrument to the entity, rather than the
entlty's actually purchasing the cash instrument. Typically these Instruments
diverslfy investors' risk to a pool of assets as compared with Investments in
individual assets.
At September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, unconsolidated CDO assets where the
Company has significant involvement totaled $84.2 billion and $52.1 billion,
respectively.
See Note 13 on page 68 for additional information about off-balance sheet
arrangements.
The pertinent portion of Note 13 to Citi's financials appears to be the
following:
In addition to the VIEs that are consolidated in accordance with FIN 46-R, the
Company has significant variable interests in certain other VIEs that are not
consolidated because the Company is not the primary beneficiary. These include
asset-backed commercial paper conduits, structured investment vehicles (SIVs),
collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), structured finance transactions, and
numerous investment funds. In addition to these VIEs, the Company issues
preferred securities to third- party investors through trust vehicles as a
source of funding and regulatory capital.
The following table represents the total assets of unconsolidated VIEs where the
Company has significant involvement:
[The table shows Commercial Paper Conduits of $73,3 billion, SIVs of $83.1
billion, CDOs of $84.2 billion, $52.2 billion of various other structured
products, plus other items (trust preferreds etc) of $50.6 billion, for a total
of $343.4 billion as of September 30, 2007, up some $50 billion since the first
of the year.]
Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Conduits
The Company administers several third-party-owned, special purpose, asset-backed
commercial paper conduits that purchase pools of trade receivables, credit card
receivables, and other financial assets from multiple third-party clients of the
Company. As administrator of these multi-seller finance companies, the Company
provides accounting, funding, and operations services to these conduits.
Generally, the Company has no ownership interest in the conduits. The sellers
continue to service the assets they transferred. The condults' asset purchases
are funded by issuing commercial paper and medlum-term notes. The sellers absorb
the first losses of the conduits by providing collateral in the form of excess
assets. Typically, the issuance of commercial paper is done on a revolving
basis, in which the maturing paper is retired with the funds received from
issuing new commercial paper at current market terms. The Company, along with
other financial institutions, provides liquidity facilities, such as liquidity
asset purchase agreements and commercial paper backstop lines of credit to the
condults, which offer an alternative source of funding should the conduit be
unable to replace fully the maturing commercial paper in the commercial paper
market. In the event of liquidity problems in the commercial paper market, the
Company's asset purchase agreements require the Company to purchase only high
quality performing assets from the conduits at their fair values. The Company
also provides loss enhancement in the form of letters of credit and other
guarantees. All fees are charged on a market basis.
To comply with FIN 46-R, many of the condults issued "first loss" subordinated
notes such that one third-party investor in each conduit would be deemed the
primary beneficiary and would consolidate the conduit.
Structured Investment Vehicles
A SIV is a special purpose investment company, which holds high quality asset
portfolios that are funded through the issuance of junior notes, medium-term
notes and short-term commercial paper. The junior notes are subject to the
"first loss" risk of the vehicle. The spread between the short-term funding
(commercial paper and medium-term notes) and high quality asset portfolios
provides a leveraged return to the junior note holders. SIVs are subject to
liquidity and refinancing risk and must repay a significant portion of maturing
commercial paper and medium-term notes through the issuance of new debt. Should
a SIV not be able to meet its funding needs due to a lack of liquidity in the
market, it may be forced to sell assets at a time when prices are depressed.
CAI's Global Credit Structures investment center is the investment manager for
seven SIVs. Citigroup has no contractual obligation to provide liquidity
facilities or guarantees to any of the Citi-advised SIVs. Citigroup is not the
primary beneficlary of any of the Citi-advised SIVs and therefore does not
include the SIVs in its consolidated financial statements.
Collateralized Debt Obligations
The Company also packages and securitizes assets purchased in the financial
markets in order to create new security offerings, including arbitrage CDOs and
synthetic CDOs for institutional clients and retail customers, which match the
clients' investment needs and preferences. An arbitrage CDO is an investment
vehicle designed to take advantage of the difference between the yield on a
portfolio of selected assets and the cost of funding the CDO through the sale of
notes to investors. Arbitrage CDOs are classified as either "cash flow" CDOs, in
which the vehicle passes on cash flows from a relatively static pool of assets,
or "market value" CDOs, where the pool of assets is actively managed by a third
party. In a synthetic CDO, the entity enters into derivative transactions which
provide a return similar to a cash instrument to the entity, rather than the
entity's actually purchasing the cash instrument. Typically, these instruments
diversify investors' risk to a pool of assets as compared with investments in an
individual asset. The VIEs, which are issuers of CDO securities, are generally
organized as limited liability corporations. The Company typically receives fees
for structuring and/or distributing the securities sold to investors. In some
cases, the Company may repackage the investment with higher rated debt CDO
securities or U.S. Treasury securities to provide a greater or a very high
degree of certainty of the return of invested principal. A third-party manager
is typically retained by the VIE to select collateral for inclusion in the pool
and then actively manage it, or, in other cases, only to manage work-out
credits. The Company may also provide other financial services and/or products
to the VIEs for market-rate fees. These may include: the provision of liquidity
or contingent liquidity facilities; interest rate or foreign exchange hedges and
credit derivative instruments; and the purchasing and warehousing of securities
until they are sold to the SPE. The Company is not the primary beneficlary of
these VIEs under FIN 46-R due to its limited continuing involvement and, as a
result, does not consolidate their assets and liabillties in its financial
statements.
We note that despite the statements in the second paragraph under "Structured
Investment Vehicles" in financial footnote 13, quoted immediately above, five
weeks after filing the 10-Q Citi filed an 8-K to which it attached a press
release announcing that it was consolidating the SIVs onto its own balance
sheet. The press release begins:
NEW YORK - Citi announced today that it has committed to provide a support
facility that will resolve uncertainties regarding senior debt repayment
currently facing the Citi-advised Structured Investment Vehicles (SIVs).
This action is a response to the recently announced ratings review for possible
downgrade by Moodys and S&P of the outstanding senior debt of the SIVs, and the
continued reduction of liquidity in the SIV related asset-backed commercial
paper and medium-term note markets. These markets are the traditional funding
sources for the SIVs. Citis actions today are designed to support the current
ratings of the SIVs senior debt and to allow the SIVs to continue to pursue
their current orderly asset reduction plan. As a result of this commitment, Citi
will consolidate the SIVs assets and liabilities onto its balance sheet under
applicable accounting rules.
We submit that nothing in the above quoted portions of the 10-Q (the only
portions that appear to be relevant to the Proponents' shareholder proposal)
respond to its request for information about Citi's "collateral and other credit
risk management policies" (emphasis supplied) (although there is a disclosure of
the liabilities ($78.6 billion) of the SIVs plus, in footnote 13, the gross
amounts of total assets of various structured products)
The Proponents' have requested information about existing Company policies.
Nothing in either the 8-K or the 10-Q addresses Company policies. Although some
data is given, no information of the type requested appears. Consequently, the
Proponents' shareholder proposal is not excludable by virtue of Rule
14a-8(i)(10).
RULE 14a-8(i)(7)
The no-action letters relied on by the Company seem particularly inapposite. The
Peregrine and Amerinst no-action letters asked for extremely detailed
operational data. In contrast, the Proponents are requested a statement of
Company policy. The Newmont, Chubb and Mead no-action letters are also
inapposite. In each case the proponent requested the Company to evaluate its own
actions to see if they were creating a risk to the registrant. Thus, in Newmont,
the request was "to publish a comprehensive report... on the risk to the
company's operations, profitability and reputation" arising from its
environmental activities. The Staff deemed the proposal to request an
"evaluation of risk" and therefore to be an ordinary business matter. In Chubb,
the proponent asked the registrant to provide "a comprehensive assessment of
Chubb's strategies to address the impacts of climate change on its business".
Again, since Chubb is in the business of evaluating what will be the impact on
its insurance business of hurricanes, sea level changes etc, the Staff held that
the matter was an ordinary business one. Finally, in Mead, the proponent asked
the company to evaluate the risks to it arising from climate change, requesting
a report that covered "a description of Mead Corporation's own liability
projection methodology ... and an assessment of other major environmental risks,
such as those created by climate change". The Staff response stated that "We
note in particular that the proposal appears to focus on Mead's liability
methodology and evaluation of risk." None of these letters resemble the instant
situation. The Proponents are not asking the Company to evaluate the risks
inherent: in SIVs and conduits. Instead, they are asking the Company to inform
its shareholders of its existing risk management policies concerning these off
balance sheet investment vehicles.
Finally, we believe that the Proponents' shareholder proposal clearly raises an
important policy matter so as to preclucle the application of Rule 14a-8(I)(7).
As briefly outlined in the "Background" section of this letter, the inadequacy
of disclose is at the core of the current credit crunch. Since the Proponents'
shareholder proposal is an attempt to get at one important aspect of that
inadequate disclosure, their proposal is not subject to exclusion by virtue of
Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
In conclusion, we request the Staff to inform the Company that the SEC proxy
rules require denial of the Company's no action request. We would appreciate
your telephoning the undersigned at 941-349-6164 with respect to any questions
in connection with this matter or if the staff wishes any further information.
Faxes can be received at the same number. Please also note that the undersigned
may be reached by mail or express delivery at the letterhead address (or via the
email address).
Very truly yours,
/s/
Paul M. Neuhauser
Attorney at Law
cc: Shelly J. Dropkin, Esq.
Rev Seamus Finn
All proponents
Nadira Narine
Laura Berry
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
February 20, 2008
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: Citigroup Inc. Incoming letter dated December 20, 2007
The proposal requests that the company disclose collateral and other credit risk
management policies for its off balance sheet exposures as well as dollar
exposure in three areas specified in the proposal.
There appears to be some basis for your view that Citi may exclude the proposal
under rule 14a-8(i)(7), as relating to Citi's ordinary business operations
(i.e., evaluation of risk). Accordingly, we will not recommend enforcement
action to the Commission if Citi omits the proposal from its proxy materials in
reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(7). In reaching this position, we have not found it
necessary to address the alternative basis for omission upon which Citi relies.
Sincerely,
/s/
Peggy Kim
Attorney-Adviser |