Company Name: Cash America International, Inc.
Public Availability Date: February 13, 2008
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 21, 2007
Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Cash America International, Inc.Shareholder Proposals Submitted by
Christian Brothers Investment Services, Inc. and Co-Filer, the Benedictine
Sisters of Boerne, Texas
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the "Act"), Cash America International, Inc. (the "Company") hereby gives
notice of its intention to omit from its proxy statement and form of proxy for
the Company's 2008 annual meeting of shareholders a proposal (the "Proposal")
submitted by Christian Brothers Investment Services, Inc. ("CBIS") and its
co-filer, the Benedictine Sisters of Boerne, Texas (collectively, the
"Proponent").1 A copy of the Proposal and correspondence with each Proponent is
included in the materials attached hereto as Exhibits A and B. Such omission is
in reliance on Rule 14a-8(i)(7), (i)(10), and (i)(3).
The Company intends to omit the Proposal on the alternative grounds that: the
Proposal deals with a matter relating to the conduct of the Company's ordinary
business operations; the Proposal has been substantially implemented by the
Company; and the Proposal is vague, indefinite and misleading in violation of
Rule 14a-9.
The Company respectfully requests confirmation that the staff of the Division of
Corporation Finance (the "Staff") of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission") will not recommend enforcement action if the Company omits the
Proposal for the reasons stated herein.
The Company expects to file its definitive 2008 proxy materials pursuant to Rule
14a-6(b) of the Act on or after March 13, 2008.
Summary
The Proposal is in substance the same as the shareholder proposal that Proponent
CBIS submitted for possible inclusion in the Company's proxy statement and form
of proxy for its 2007 annual shareholders meeting (the "Prior Proposal").2 The
Staff concurred with the Company that the Prior Proposal could be excluded from
the Company's 2007 proxy materials under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). See Cash America
International, Inc. (avaiable March 5, 2007) (referred to herein as "Cash
America").
Accordingly, we believe the Company may omit the present Proposal from the
Company's proxy materials for it upcoming 2008 annual shareholders meeting for
the same reasons that it was excludable last proxy season.
General Background
The Company, which was incorporated in 1984 to engage in the business of owning
and operating pawnshops, provides specialty financial services to individuals.
These services include pawn loans, which are non-recourse loans secured by
tangible personal property, check cashing and related financial services. It
also sells merchandise in its pawnshops, primarily the personal property
forfeited in connection with its pawn lending operations.
The Company also offers short-term unsecured cash advances to individuals,
commonly referred to as "payday loans," through most of its pawn lending
locations, in standalone cash advance locations and via the internet. Many of
the physical pawn and cash advance locations also offer check cashing services
and other retail financial services and products such as money orders and money
transfers. The Company's short-term unsecured cash advances have terms that
typically run from seven to 45 days and are made in conformity with federal and
state regulations to which the Company's activities are subject, including the
federal Truth in Lending laws that require the Company to fully disclose the
payment terms and annual percentage rates of its loans to all borrowers.
As of September 30, 2007, the Company provides these specialty financial
services through 936 total locations and via the internet.
The Proposal
On November 16, 2007, the Company received the Proposal from CBIS and a related
supporting statement (the "Supporting Statement"). On November 28, the Company
received the same Proposal from its co-filer. The Proposal requests that the
Board of Directors (the "Board") of the Company form an independent committee of
outside directors to oversee the amendment of the current policies and the
development of enforcement mechanisms to prevent employees or affiliates from
engaging in predatory lending practices and provide a report to shareholders
that offers assurances about the adequacy of the policy and its enforcement, by
May 2009.
We note for the Staff that the Proponent has crafted the current Proposal to be
virtually identical to the proposals proffered to Conseco, Inc. for the 2001
proxy season and to Associates First Capital Corporation for the 2000 proxy
season.3 In each of those instances, the Staff did not concur with the issuer
that such proposals were excludable. See Conseco, Inc. (available April 5, 2001)
(referred to herein as "Conseco") and Associates First Capital Corporation
(available March 13, 2000) (referred to herein as "Associates First Capital").
However, the fact that the Proponent has now repackaged the excluded Prior
Proposal in an attempt to mimic the wording of the proposals in Canseco and
Associates First Capital and by "piggy backing" on their language does not make
the excludable Prior Proposal now includable in the Company's 2008 proxy
materials.
That tactic does not alter the fact that the present Proposal is in substance
the same as the excluded Prior Proposal and the present Proposal is excludable
from the Company's proxy materials for it upcoming 2008 annual shareholders
meeting for the same reasons that the Prior Proposal was excludable last proxy
season.4 See Cash America. The Staff in reaching its conclusion in Cash America
considered the Proponent's vehement argument that payday lending is predatory
and that it presents a "sufficiently significant social policy" issue to
"transcend the day-to-day business matters" of a company and trump the ordinary
business foundations that form the basis of the Rule 14a-8(i)(7) exception. See
Commission Release No. 34-40018 (May 21, 1998). The Staff did not accept this
contention and found instead that the Prior Proposal, which, again, is in
substance the same as the current Proposal, related to "Cash America's ordinary
business operations (i.e., credit policies, loan underwriting and customer
relations.) See Cash America. As described in more detail below, the current
Proposal clearly deals with the Company's credit policies, loan underwriting and
customer relations and is, therefore, excludable from its proxy.
Discussion
1. The Proposal clearly relates to the ordinary business operations of the
Company (i.e., credit policies, loan underwriting and customer relations) and,
therefore, may be omitted from the Company's Proxy materials pursuant to Rule
14a-8(i)(7).
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) permits a company to exclude a shareholder proposal from its
proxy materials if the proposal deals with a matter relating to the company's
ordinary business operations. The Commission has elaborated on the policy
underlying this provision, noting that the policy is to "confine the resolution
of ordinary business problems to management and the board of directors, since it
is impractical for shareholders to decide how to solve such problems at an
annual shareholders meeting." Commission Release No. 34-40018 (May 21, 1998).
Central to this policy are two considerations. First, that "certain tasks are so
fundamental to management's ability to run a company on a day-to-day basis that
they could not, as a practical matter, be subject to direct shareholder
oversight." Id. Second, a proposal may seek to "micro-manage" the company by
probing too deeply into matters of a complex nature upon which shareholders, as
a group, would not be in a position to make an informed judgment. Id.
Under Commission precedent, a shareholder proposal is considered to deal with
"ordinary business" operations when it relates to matters that are so
fundamental to management's ability to run a company on a day-to-day basis that
they are not appropriate for shareholder oversight. Further, in order to
constitute "ordinary business" subject matter, the proposal must not involve a
significant policy issue that would override its "ordinary business" subject
matter. See Commission Release No. 34-40018 (May 21, 1998).
Recent controlling precedent of the Staff clearly establishes that the Proposal
relates to the ordinary business operations of the Company. That there is
controlling precedent is not at all remarkable, except that a portion of the
controlling precedent involved the Company, the same Proponent, CBIS, and
virtually the same proposal. As recently as March 5, 2007, the Staff permitted
the Company to exclude from its proxy materials a proposal virtually identical
to the Proposal submitted to the Company this year by the same Proponent (CBIS)
because the Prior Proposal related to the Company's "ordinary business and
operations (i.e., credit policies, loan underwriting and customer relations)".
See Cash America.
The Staff's determination in March 2007 in Cash America was not surprising in
light of two recent no actions letters where the Staff specifically considered
proposals bearing on a company's loan making policies and decisions, and the
proponents' efforts to cast the proposals as social issues of predatory lending
in an attempt to override its "ordinary business" subject matter. In each case,
the Staff expressed the view that there was a basis for exclusion of the
proposals under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), as relating to credit policies, loan
underwriting and customer relations. Accordingly, the Staff advised these
companies it would not recommend enforcement action if the companies omitted the
proposals from their proxy materials in reliance on Rule 14a-8(i)(7). See Bank
of America Corp. (available March 7, 2005) (referred to herein as "Bank of
America") and Wells Fargo & Company (available February 16, 2006) (referred to
herein as "Wells Fargo"). That controlling precedent led to the Staff's similar
determination in Cash America.
Based on the Staff's determinations in Cash America, Bank of America and Wells
Fargo, the Company once again this year believes the Proposal is excludable
under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) for the same reasons as expressed in those letters, i.e.,
as relating to credit policies, loan underwriting and customer relations.
One need go no further than the Proponent's Supporting Statement submitted with
the Proposal to ascertain clearly that the Proposal relates to credit policies,
loan underwriting and customer relations. There, the Proponent states the
following:
Shareholders have no means of evaluating the effectiveness of current company
policies. Reports to shareholders on our company's anti-predatory lending
policies should include:
- Metrics to determine whether loans were consistent with the borrowers' ability
to repay;
- Results of our company's efforts to be transparent regarding the terms of loan
amounts, and
An assessment of the reasonableness of collection procedures. (emphasis added)5
Can there be any doubt that the Proposal relates to credit policies, loan
underwriting and customer relations, when the Proposal calls for metrics to
determine whether a loan is consistent with a borrower's ability to repay? Or,
that it relates to credit polices, loan underwriting and customer relations when
the Proposal calls for transparency of loan terms or deals with collection
procedures? Because each of these elements undeniably relates to the Company's
credit policies, loan underwriting and customer relations, just as the Staff
provided in Cash America, Bank of America and Wells Fargo, the Proposal is
excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) from the Company's 2008 proxy materials.
Like the proposals in Cash America, Bank of America and Wells Fargo, the
Proposal here seeks to involve the shareholders in the processes by which the
Company determines the customers to whom it provides services and products, as
well as its credit policies, loan underwriting criteria and customer
relationships. Amendment to policies and development of enforcement mechanisms
to prevent employees and affiliates from engaging in particular lending
practices as requested in the Proposal necessarily implies credit policies and
decisions, underwriting criteria and other policies used by the Company in
deciding whether to lend to a particular consumer and on what terms to extend
credit based on the credit profile of the customer. These decisions and the
formulations of these policies are central to the Company's day-to-day business
operations and are precisely the type of functions that the Staff has concluded
fit within the ordinary business operations exception provided in Rule
14a-8(i)(7). The Proponent's pejorative characterization of the lending
practices as predatory does not alter that the undeniable fact that the Proposal
seeks to involve the shareholders in the Company's loan practices and policies
(which necessarily implicates credit policies, loan underwriting criteria and
customer relationships).
The Company is mindful of the admonition in Commission Release No. 34-40018 (May
21, 1998) that proposals focusing on "sufficiently significant policy
issues...would not be considered to be excludable, because the proposals would
transcend the day-to-day business matters." However, the Staff, in the same
Release, cautioned that it also considers the "degree to which the proposal
seeks to `micro-manage' the company by probing too deeply into matters of a
complex nature upon which the shareholders, as a group, would not be in a
position to make an informed judgment." Commission Release No. 34-40018 (May 21,
1998). The Staff has considered specifically whether shareholder proposals, such
as the Proposal, which revolve around companies' credit policies, loan
underwriting and customer relations in the payday loan arena, raise social
policy issues of such significance as to counterbalance a shareholder request,
such as the Proposal, that seeks to "micro-manage" and subject to "shareholder
oversight" fundamental aspects of a lending institution's day-to-day operations.
To this argument, Cash America, Bank of America and Wells Fargo provide the
controlling authority.
In each of Cash America, Bank of America and Wells Fargo, the social policy
issue surrounding payday lending was argued by the proponent, but not accepted
by the Staff. Indeed, in Cash America, the same Proponent here, CBIS, vigorously
argued that "shareholder proposals on predatory lending raise important policy
issues and are not excludable by virtue of Rule 14a-8(i)(7)" relying on Conseco
and Associates First Capital. There, the Proponent argued that Bank of America
and Wells Fargo were distinguishable and, therefore, not controlling. In Cash
America, the Staff declined to accept the Proponent's argument that shareholder
proposals on predatory lending were not excludable on the basis of the assertion
that the proposals involved significant social policy issues. That assertion
failed because, like here, the proposal related to credit policies, loan
underwriting and customer relations, just as in Bank of America and Wells Fargo.
The Company believes that the Staff's precedent in Cash America, Bank of America
and Wells Fargo establishes that the Proposal is excludable based on the
ordinary business exclusion and that this exclusion, as in Cash America, Bank of
America and Wells Fargo, is not overridden by the Proponent's assertions of
social issues revolving around payday lending. We know of no reason why the
Staff's earlier determination just last year provided to the Company in Cash
America, and its controlling precedent in Bank of America and Wells Fargo, is
not controlling or should be altered.
In conclusion, for the same reasons that the Company could omit the Prior
Proposal from its 2007 proxy materials in reliance upon Cash America, and in
light of the other controlling precedent discussed herein, we believe that the
Company may omit the Proposal from the Company's 2008 proxy materials under Rule
14a-8(i)(7).
2. The Proposal may be omitted under Rule 14a-8(i)(10) because the Proposal has
already been substantially implemented by the Company.
The Commission allows a proposal to be excluded from proxy materials if it has
already been substantially implemented. See Rule 14a-8(i)(10). The Proposal is
excludable under this provision because the Company already maintains policies
and procedures designed to address the "suitability" concerns that underlie the
Proposal. The Proponent cannot hide behind its overly broad and vague statement
that it wants policies and procedures designed to prevent "predatory lending
practices" as a means to deny the fact that the Company maintains a thorough set
of policies and procedures designed to ensure that the Company and its employees
comply with applicable law in the provision of Company products and that "ensure
the suitability of its product for borrowers." See the Proposal. The fact that
the suitability standards developed by the Company may be different than
suitability standards the Proponent may be contemplating does not defeat the
conclusion that the Proposal has been substantially implemented.
As a fundamental principle, the Company maintains lending criteria, including
underwriting parameters, reflecting the suitability of particular loans and loan
amounts that may be appropriate for borrowers. These criteria include, with
respect to the short-term cash advances that are identified as payday loans in
the Proposal, proprietary credit scoring developed by the Company, including a
prospective borrower's take home pay, length of residence at a particular
location, length of current employment, whether the prospective borrower has
defaulted on a previous loan, and similar criteria. These policies and
procedures are designed and implemented by management of the Company, with
oversight from the Board of Directors of the Company. They are impacted to a
large degree by the extensive rules and regulations to which the Company's
lending practices are subject. But, at the core of each lending decision by the
Company is the decision as to whether the loan in question is suitable for the
borrower based on criteria already established by the Company and its management
team. The fact that the Proponent may not agree with these suitability criteria
does not mean that they do not exist. Moreover, a requirement to publicly report
specific suitability criteria would harm the Company by putting proprietary
information in the hands of the Company's competitors.
The Company, by virtue of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, is
required to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting to
ensure that the loans the Company makes are properly reported on its financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The
Company, through its proprietary point of sale system, maintains effective
controls over the established suitability criteria in its day-to-day operations
to assure that established suitability criteria are adhered to. The Company must
also continually monitor its compliance with applicable laws and Company
policies. Moreover, the Company maintains a compliance and loss prevention
function that, among other things, tests the Company's actual lending practices
against the established suitability criteria and monitors its compliance with
applicable laws and Company policies.
3. Because the Proposal contains materially false and misleading statements, the
Proposal may be omitted under Rule 14a-8(i)(3), or must be timely modified.
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) provides that the Company may exclude a shareholder proposal if
the "proposal or its supporting statement is contrary to any of the Commission's
proxy rules, including Rule 14a-9, which prohibits materially false and
misleading statements in proxy solicitation materials." The Proposal contains a
number of false or misleading statements throughout several of the "Whereas"
clauses.
The Proposal first improperly suggests that the Company has not developed any
standards for suitability of its products. This characterization is false and
misleading since the Company has developed suitability standards the results of
which are reviewed by the Board of Directors of the Company, despite the
suggestion to the contrary. In its very essence, what this Proposal amounts to
is not a call to develop policies and practices regarding to whom the Company
lends; but rather it is a Proposal that calls for the shareholders to intrude
into the Company's lending practices to establish practices and policies favored
by the Proponent that are different than those employed by the Company. For that
reason, the Proposal in its nature is misleading. As a result, the Proposal is
vague, uncertain and misleading in its entirety and it should be excluded,
having been based entirely on a false premise.
The Proposal also makes the statement that "but unlike many providers of
financial services, our company makes little or no effort to ensure that its
product is suitable for borrowers." This statement is false and misleading in
several respects. First, it says that the Company makes "little or no effort" to
see that financial products are suitable to its borrowers. This is simply
untrue. The Company knows and understands the needs and financial ability of its
customers to borrow and repay loans from the Company. Most of this information
is obtained through the Company's underwriting processes. The Company makes
significant efforts to understand its customers and assure that the products are
suitable for them. Many of the Company's borrowers have limited access to other
forms of credit, and the Company has tailored products and services designed to
meet their needs, including the extension of a short term loan to meet a past
due or maturing obligation. Second, the Proposal alleges that the Company
compares unfavorably to other lenders since other lenders, unlike the Company,
do seek to ensure their products are suitable for borrowers. However, the
Proponent fails to identify any examples or source for the statement that many
financial service providers provide suitability standards for their borrowers or
any basis for its allegation that the Company is unlike these other unidentified
lenders, leaving the assertion as simple speculation. Even if this statement
were objectively supportable, the Proponent fails to identify any other
companies that provide payday lending to support its assertion. Accordingly, the
statement is misleading because it implies, but does not support, the idea that
most payday lenders have suitability standards of the kind proposed by the
Proponent. Finally, the Proposal suggests that the Company does not disclose to
its customers the costs of obtaining payday loans. This is demonstrably false.
The Company, in complying with the numerous lending statutes and regulations to
which it is subject, including the Federal Truth in Lending statutes, clearly
and prominently discloses to each borrower the fees and costs associated with
the Company's loan products.
Conclusion
For all the reasons set forth above, the Company respectfully submits that the
Proposal can properly be excluded from the Company's 2008 proxy materials in
accordance with Rule 14a-8.
In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j), we are informing the Proponent of the
Company's intention to omit the Proposal from its 2008 proxy materials by
sending the Proponent a copy of this letter and the attachments hereto. Exhibit
A hereto contains a copy of the Proposal, the Supporting Statement and the
correspondence received by the Company from the Proponent. We are enclosing
seven copies of this letter and enclosures and request that you acknowledge
receipt by stamping and returning one copy of the letter and enclosures in the
enclosed self-addressed, stamped envelope.
In accordance with Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14C (CF), we advise you that the
address and facsimile numbers of the Proponent are set forth on the cover
letters that the Company received from the Proponent, which is included in
Exhibit A. There has been no further correspondence exchanged with the Proponent
relating to the Proposal. We request that you transmit your response by
facsimile to me at (817) 570-1647.
If you have any questions or desire to discuss this matter further, please feel
free to call the undersigned at (817) 570-1625. You may also contact me via
e-mail at ptalbot@casham.com.
Sincerely
/s/
Paul W. Talbot
Associate General Counsel
Enclosures
cc: Mr. John K. S. WilsonChristian Brothers Investment Services, Inc. and as
representative of the Benedictine Sisters of Boerne, Texas
Sr. Susan Mika, OSBThe Benedictine Sisters of Boerne, Texas
L. Steven LeshinHunton & Williams LLP
T. Allen McConnellHunton & Williams LLP.
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 Because the co-filer proposals are identical and because a representative of
Christian Brothers Investment Services, Inc., John K. Wilson, is appointed as
the representative of the Benedictine Sisters of Boerne, Texas with respect to
the Proposal, the Company is addressing the submissions as a single proposal.
2 A comparison of the Prior Proposal with the current Proposal reveals just how
virtually identical the two are. Indeed, the Proponent CBIS has readily admitted
that the Proposal is not materially different from the Prior Proposal in
correspondence it furnished to the Staff in connection with the Prior Proposal.
In its letter requesting reconsideration dated March 14, 2007 to the Staff,
Proponent CBIS stated:
We make this request because we are unable to reconcile this Staff decision with
previous Staff decisions that have decided that predatory lending by registrants
which are banks or small loan companies raises an important policy issue,
thereby rendering Rule 14a-8(i)(7) inapplicable. Conseco, Inc. (April 5, 2001);
Associates First Capital Corporation (March 13, 2000)[containing proposals
identical to the present Proposal]. We fail to understand why this principle is
not equally applicable to registrants that are payday lenders. In those letters,
the proponent had requested a committee of the registrant's Board oversee "the
development and enforcement of policies" to prevent predatory lending by the
Company" [sic]. We fail to see how this is materially different from the
Proponent's request that a committee of the Board develop a "standard of
suitability" for its loans or why one proposal deals with "credit policies, loan
underwriting and customer relations", but the other does not. (emphasis added).
3 Each of such proposals called for: (A) the appointment of a committee of
outside directors; (B) such committee to oversee the development and enforcement
of policies to ensure that the companies and their employees do not engage in
predatory lending practices; and (C) the companies to publicly report to
shareholders on the results of these exercises. The Staff should note that these
three elements are also contained (in each case, with almost identical language)
in the current Proposal from the Proponent.
4 The current Proposal and the Prior Proposal are not different. Each proposal
concerns itself with predatory lending and each involves calls for formation of
committees of the board to establish policies designed to address predatory
lending, relying on the very same social policies allegations, i.e., predatory
lending allegations, to attempt to overcome the ordinary business exclusion
under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). That the subject matter of the social policy is the same
and that both concern the Company's lending practices demonstrate the sameness
of this Proposal and the Prior Proposal. The Prior Proposal contained recitals
attacking the practice of cash advance loans made by the Company, referring to
those loans as "predatory" loans, and requested that the Board appoint a
committee of the Board to develop a standard of suitability for the Company's
products, develop internal controls relevant to the implementation of the
suitability standard, and create a public reporting standard that assesses the
Company's success in providing loans that meet the suitability standard. Here
too, the present Proposal calls for the same suitability standards, stating in
the very first sentence of the first recital the precise same focus, as last
year, on suitability of borrowers, stating: "Our company provides consumer cash
advances ... but unlike many financial service providers, our company makes
little effort to ensure the suitability of its products for borrowers", the
exact same opening sentence of the Prior Proposal. Further, the absence of
meaningful distinction between the Prior Proposal and the present Proposal is
illuminated in a letter from counsel for the Proponent in its correspondence to
the Staff dated February 5, 200[7] [sic] in response to the Company's no action
letter request. There, he argued that "[i]t should be more than abundantly clear
from the materials discussed in the prior `Background' portion of this letter,
as well as the interest rates charged by Cash America ... that payday lending is
a form, indeed a particularly pernicious form, of predatory lending.
Consequently, the Proponent's shareholder proposal is not excludable under the
rubric of ordinary business." See Cash America International Inc. (available
March 5, 2007).
5 The three bullet points contained in the supporting statement associated with
the Proposal are identical to the same three bullet points urged in the
supporting statement submitted with the Prior Proposal.
[APPENDIX 1]
November 15, 2007
Mr. Daniel R. Feehan
President, CEO and Director
Cash America
1600 West 7th Street
Fort Worth, TX 76102-2599
RE: Agenda Item for 2008 Annual Shareholder Meeting
Dear Mr. Feehan:
Please include the enclosed proposal in the Company's Proxy Statement and Form
of Proxy relating to the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Cash America. A
representative of Christian Brothers Investment Services, Inc. (CBIS) will
present this resolution to the assembled stockholders.
Also enclosed is certification from our Custodian, Mellon Bank, of our long
position of 4,500 shares and the fulfillment of the market value amount and time
requirements of SEC Rule 14a-8. CBIS intends to fulfill all requirements of Rule
14a-8, including holding the requisite amount of equity through the date of the
2008 Meeting.
The undersigned representative of CBIS has been designated the lead filer and
primary contact on this matter.
Sincerely yours,
/s/
John K.S. Wilson
Director - Socially Responsible Investing
[APPENDIX 2]
Establish Anti-Predatory Lending Policies (Cash America)
Whereas:
Our company provides consumer cash advances, or "payday loans," but unlike many
financial services providers, our company makes little effort to ensure the
suitability of its products for borrowers.
According to the Cash America website, the annual percentage rate for a typical
payday loan exceeds 400%, though a study found that nearly half of all borrowers
believed their rate to be under 30% (Credit Research Center, 2001).
The industry claims that these loans are for occasional short-term cash needs
only, yet many borrowers obtain frequent payday loans. According to a 2003 Iowa
Banking Division study, the average payday borrower in Iowa received 12 such
loans per year, suggesting that many people may be using cash advances to roll
over or "flip" earlier payday loans.
According to the Coalition for Responsible Lending, the average payday loan
borrower pays nearly $800 to repay a loan of $325. Since most payday loan
customers are of low or moderate income, frequent roll-overs of cash advances
could result in a "debt trap" from which some would be unable to emerge.
Critics have identified several industry activities as "predatory," including:
Triple digit interest rates and poor disclosure of borrowing costs;
Loan flipping;
Mandatory arbitration clauses; and
Little or no consideration of borrowers' ability to repay.
Policymakers are increasingly restricting the practice of payday lending:
All four national banking regulators effectively prohibit banks under their
supervision from marketing payday lending products.
At least eleven states passed laws that effectively end the practice, with the
District of Columbia doing so in September 2007.
Federal law caps loans to U.S. Military service personnel at 36%.
Legislation recently introduced in Congress would ban lending based on
post-dated checks or debits drawn on depositary institutions, a key industry
practice.
The academic and political consensus is increasingly that payday loans harm the
interests of working poor and military customers. The media has extensively
covered the high financial and professional price military customers pay for
payday loans, and the industry has been criticized for targeting military
families for "predatory" loans.
Resolved: Shareholders request that the board of directors of Cash America form
an independent committee of outside directors to (1) oversee the amendment of
current policies and the development of enforcement mechanisms to prevent
employees or affiliates from engaging in predatory lending practices; and (2)
provide a report to shareholders that offers assurances about the adequacy of
the policy and its enforcement, by May 2009.
Supporting Statement
Shareholders have no means of evaluating the effectiveness of current company
policies. Reports to shareholders on our company's anti-predatory lending
policies should include:
- Metrics to determine whether loans were consistent with the borrowers' ability
to repay;
- Results of our company's efforts to be transparent regarding the terms of loan
amounts; and
- An assessment of the reasonableness of collection procedures.
Policies must be accompanied by thorough internal controls and public reporting
to allow shareholders to evaluate the company's success in complying with its
own standard.
[INQUIRY LETTER]
January29, 2007
Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Cash America International, Inc. - Shareholder Proposal Submitted by
Christian Brothers Investment Services, Inc. and Co-Filer, the Benedictine
Sisters of Boerne, Texas
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter is written in response to the letter of January 19, 2008 by Paul M.
Neuhauser, Esq., on behalf of Christian Brothers Investment Services, Inc. ("CBIS")
and its co-filer, the Benedictine Sisters of Boerne, Texas (collectively, the
"Proponent"), relating to a proposal (the "Proposal") that they have requested
Cash America International, Inc. (the "Company") include in its definitive 2008
proxy materials.
In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the "Act"), by letter dated December 21, 2007, the Company submitted to
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") notice of its
intention to omit the Proposal from its 2008 proxy statement, based on the
alternative grounds set forth in Rules 14a-8(i)(7), (i)(10), and (i)(3).
Many of the Proponent's arguments are dispelled for the reasons stated in the
Company's December 21, 2007 letter to the Commission, and we do not intend to
repeat those reasons here. The Company does, however, wish to respond briefly to
certain statements made by the Proponent in its January 19, 2008 letter, which,
at best, are disingenuous.
Specifically, even in light of the arguments now made by the Proponent, we
continue to see no reason why the Staff's earlier determination just last year
provided to the Company in Cash America International, Inc. (avail. March 5,
2007) ("Cash America") is not controlling or should be altered. The only
argument that the Proponent has come up with in an effort to evade this
controlling precedent is that somehow the proposal from CBIS in 2007 (the "2007
Proposal") was not a predatory lending proposal and, therefore, that Cash
America is not controlling. As the Company's letter of December 21, 2007
discussed in detail, the proposal that CBIS sought to include in the Company's
2007 proxy materials was based on CBIS' argument that it involved a significant
policy issue concerning predatory lending; it is making substantially the same
arguments with this year's Proposal.
The Proponent is now seeking to avoid the application of controlling authority
in Cash America by asserting that, while "the 2007 Proposal was inspired by Cash
America's predatory lending", the 2007 proposal was not treated by the Staff as
a predatory lending proposal. Proponent's assertion is particularly troubling to
us when taken in light of the contents of the 2007 Proposal and the statements
that Proponent made to the Staff in connection with the 2007 Proposal. Those
comments undeniably confirm that the Proponent's assertion is just not true; the
arguments that the Proponent advanced in 2007 stated unequivocally to the Staff
that Proponent was relying on the policy issues surrounding the Proponent's
allegations of predatory lending as authority for including the 2007 Proposal.
It is particularly disconcerting to see the Proponent now assert that the 2007
Proposal, which was clearly inspired by the policies involved in predatory
lending, was not focused on predatory lending, when the 2007 Proposal itself and
more importantly, the Proponent's correspondence to the Staff at that time belie
that assertion. Further, we know of no basis for the Proponent's bald assertion
made in its January 19, 2008 letter to the Staff, to the effect that the Staff
failed to treat the 2007 Proposal as a predatory lending proposal. Because there
is no authority to support that assertion, we ask that the Staff ignore that
assertion made on an unsupportable premise.
Turning to Proponent's assertion that the basis of or subject underlying the
2007 Proposal was not "predatory lending", this assertion is simply not
credible. On this point, we ask that the Staff let the 2007 Proposal and
Proponent's previous statements on the subject speak for themselves. These
demonstrate that the 2007 Proposal was a proposal that the Proponent sought to
include for the same predatory lending policy issues, just as involved here. For
instance,
The 2007 Proposal clearly characterized payday lending as predatory when it
stated: "The media have extensively covered the high financial and professional
price military customers pay for payday loans, and the industry has been
criticized for targeting military families for `predatory' loans."
The Proponent's letter of February 5, 2007 (mistakenly dated 2006) to the
Staff uses the term "predatory" in discussing payday lending well more than a
dozen times.
Among the more than a dozen times the letter of February 5, 2007 uses the term
"predatory" are the following:
"The Company is in the `payday lending' business and engages in predatory
lending practices."
"It should be more than abundantly clear ... that payday lending is a form,
indeed a particularly pernicious form, of predatory lending."
In light of these statements, it is disingenuous for the Proponent now to assert
to the Staff that Cash America is not controlling on the basis that the 2007
proposal was not a predatory lending proposal. It was; and, by its own words,
that is what the Proponent concluded that it was and intended it to be.
Further, the Proponent's assertion that the 2008 Proposal is substantively
different than the 2007 Proposal is also not credible. Footnotes 2, 3 and 4 of
the Company's December 21, 2007 letter to the Commission reveals the similarity.
Once again, however, the Proponent's previous statements on the subject should
leave no doubt about its view on whether the proposals were different. In its
letter dated March 14, 2007 to the Commission in support of its 2007 Proposal,
the Proponent expressly states that it fails to see how the 2007 Proposal is any
different than the proposals in Conseco, Inc. (April 5, 2001) and Associates
First Capital Corporation (March 13, 2000). It is apparent that the Proponent
simply restated the 2007 Proposal in a form to make it match the form of the
proposals in Conseco and Associates First Capital. Notwithstanding the
similarities, the 2008 Proposal deals with the same issues and relies on the
same arguments as the 2007 Proposal. For the reasons the Company has detailed in
its letter of December 21, 2007, the Cash America no action letter issued by the
Staff to the Company on March 5, 2007 controls and, accordingly, the Proposal is
excludable from the Company's 2008 definitive proxy materials.
We are enclosing seven copies of this letter and request that you acknowledge
receipt by stamping and returning one copy of the letter and enclosures in the
enclosed self-addressed, stamped envelope.
If you have any questions or desire to discuss this matter further, please feel
free to call the undersigned at (817) 570-1625. You may also contact me via
e-mail at ptalbot@casham.com.
Sincerely,
/s/
Paul W. Talbot
Associate General Counsel
Enclosures
cc: Mr. John K. S. Wilson - Christian Brothers Investment Services, Inc. and as
representative of the Benedictine Sisters of Boerne, Texas
Sr. Susan Mika, OSBThe Benedictine Sisters of Boerne, Texas
L. Steven Leshin - Hunton & Williams LLP
T. Allen McConnell - Hunton & Williams LLP
[INQUIRY LETTER]
January19, 2008
Securities & Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, D.C. 20549
Att: Will Hines, Esq.
Office of the Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
Via fax 202-772-9201
Re: Shareholder Proposal submitted to Cash America International Inc.
Dear Sir/Madam:
I have been asked by the Christian Brothers Investment Services, Inc. and the
Benedictine Sisters of Boeme, Texas (hereinafter collectively referred to as the
"Proponents"), each of which is a beneficial owner of shares of common stock of
Cash America International, Inc. (hereinafter referred to either as "Cash
America" or the "Company"), and who have jointly submitted a shareholder
proposal to Cash America, to respond to the letter dated December 21, 2007, sent
to the Securities & Exchange Commission by the Company, in which Cash America
contends that the Proponents' shareholder proposal may be excluded from the
Company's year 2008 proxy statement by virtue of Rules 14a-8(i)(3), 14a-8(i)(7)
and 14a-8(i)(10).
I have reviewed the Proponents' shareholder proposal, as well as the aforesaid
letter sent by the Company, and based upon the foregoing, as well as upon a
review of Rule 14a-8, it is my opinion that the Proponents' shareholder proposal
must be included in Cash America's year 2008 proxy statement and that it is not
excludable by virtue of any of the cited rules.
The Proponents' shareholder proposal requests Cash America's Board to adopt
policies to prevent predatory lending by the Company and to report to the
shareholders with respect to this policy.
INTRODUCTION
The Company is in the "payday lending" business and engages in predatory lending
practies. On the Company's web site is a list of the APRs charged by Cash
America for its pay day loans in each of the 18 states in which it operates.
There appears to be considerable evidence that Cash America does not operate in
states that attempt to bar predatory practices in payday lending. (See the
editorial comments at the fifth line from the top on page 6 of this letter and
at the top line and the eleventh line on page 7 of this letter.) States are
listed alphabetically and the Company states that in the first state listed,
Alaska, the APR on a 14 day loan is 521.43%. This is fairly typical, as the APRs
range from 365% (only five states have APRs below 400%) to 533.16%. The average
APR appears to be approximately 451% and the median APR approximately 460%.
Thus, if the median payday loan is rolled over for an entire year, the victim of
the predatory lending practice would have paid about $4.60 for each dollar
initially borrowed, and yet would still own that original dollar. (Renewing the
loan each payday is normal industry practice.)
BACKGROUND
The serious social consequences of the form of predatory lending known as payday
lending recently led Congress to pass a law that prohibits payday lending to
military personnel and their families at interest rates higher than 36% APR. See
10 USC 987, enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 2007. We note that the median payday loan made by Cash America carries an
APR some 13 times the Federal limit set in that statute. The anti-predatory
payday loan provision was added to the Authorization Act by a unanimous vote in
the Senate.
In connection with the enactment of 10 USC 987, the U.S. Senate Committee on
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs held a hearing on September 14, 2006, to
conduct a review of a document, dated August 9, 2006, prepared by the Department
of Defense entitled "Report on Predatory Lending Practices Directed at Members
of the Armed Forces and Their Dependents" (the "Report"). The Report had been
prepared by the Department of Defense in response to a Congressional mandate
requiring such a report which mandate was contained in Section 579 of the
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006. At the hearing, the
then Chairman of the Committee, Senator Richard Selby (R. AL), stated:
Although predatory lending schemes differ in their details, they share certain
characteristics. For example, some lenders target financially inexperienced
consumers and make loans without regard to the consumer's ability to repay. The
lending products they offer also feature high interest rates and fees. These
lenders often count on the fact that borrowers will be unable to pay the loan in
full when due, forcing borrowers to seek additional loans which generate more
fees. The end result is often the same: mounting debt, deteriorating credit
rating, and reduced availability of credit sources.
The Executive Summary of the 92 page Department of Defense Report included the
following (at page 4) as among the characteristics of predatory lending to
military personnel:
(2). Predatory lenders make loans based on access to assets (through checks,
bank accounts, car titles, tax refunds, etc.) and guaranteed continued income,
but not on the ability of the borrower to repay the loan without experiencing
further financial problems.
(3). ... Increasingly the Internet is used to promote loans to Service members.
(4). Predatory products feature high fees/interest rates, with some requiring
balloon payments, while others pack excessive charges into the product...
(5). Most of the predatory business models take advantage of borrower's
inability to pay the loan in full when due and encourage extensions through
refinancing and loan flipping. These refinances often include additional high
fees and little or no payment of principal.
In addition to describing, in Appendix 4, the various actions, including
education programs, that the military itself is taking, at considerable expense,
to protect its personnel from predatory payday lending, the Report lists a
number of reforms in payday lending that it recommends, including the following
(at pages 6-8):
(1). Require that unambignous and uniform price disclosures be given to all
Service members and family members regard to any extension of credit (excluding
mortgage lending)....
(2). Require a federal ceiling on the cost of credit to military borrowers,
capping the APR to prevent any lenders from imposing usurious rates ...
(3). Prohibit lenders from extending credit to Service members and family
members without due regard for the Service member's ability to repay.
(a). Prohibit lenders from using checks, access to bank accounts and car title
pawns as security for obligations. These methods provide undue and coercive
pressure on military borrowers and allow lenders more latitude in making loans
without proper regard for the Service member's ability to repay. They also place
key assets at undue risk.
(b). Restrict the ability of creditors and loan companies to require or coerce
Service members into establishing allotments to repay their obligations.
Allotments must be at the convenience and discretion of the military borrower
and not a prerequisite for obtaining a loan.
(4). Prohibit provisions in loan cotracts that require Service members and
family members to waive their rights to take legal action....
(5). Prohibit contract clauses that require Service members to waive any special
legal protections afforded to them ...
Following the Executive Summary, the Report describes the prevalence of
predatory lending around military bases. The primary predatory loan technique
described in this section is payday lending (pages 9-14, over half of this
section), followed by internet lending (also engaged in by Cash America) (pages
14-15), as well as four other predatory lending techniques (pages 15-19). Payday
lending is described (page 14) as follows:
a. Payday Lending
Payday loans are small loans secured by the borrower's personal check or by an
agreement to electronically withdraw payment from the borrower's bank account.
Loans average about $350, are due in full on the next payday, typically in 14
days, and cost from 390 to 780% annual interest rate. Payday lending has emerged
in the last ten years and is now allowed in thirty-nine states. Payday loans are
made by storefront lenders, check cashing outlets, pawn shops, rent-to-own
stores and via Internet sites.
The Report lists the following predatory characteristics of payday loans:
(1). Triple digit interest rate. Payday loans carry very low risk of loss, but
lenders typically charge fees equal to 400% APR and higher
(2). Short minimum loan term. 75% of payday customers are unable to repay their
loan within two weeks and are forced to get a loan "rollover" at additional
cost. In contrast, small consumer loans have longer terms (in NC, for example,
the minimum term is six months.)
(3). Single balloon payment Unlike most consumer debt, payday loans do not allow
for partial installment payments to be made during the loan term. A borrower
must pay the entire loan back at the end of two weeks.
(4). Loan flipping (extensions, rollovers or back to back transactions). Payday
lenders earn most of their profits by making multiple loans to cash-strapped
borrowers. 90% of the payday industry's revenue growth comes from making more
and larger loans to the same customers.
(5). Simultaneous borrowing from multiple lenders. Trapped on the "debt
treadmill", many consumers get a loan from one payday lender to repay another.
The result: no additional cash, just more renewal fees.
(6). No consideration of borrower's ability to repay. Payday lenders encourage
consumers to borrow the maximum allowed, regardless of their credit history. If
the borrower can't repay the loan, the lender collects multiple renewal fees.
(7). Deferred check mechanism. Consumers who cannot make good on a deferred
(post-dated) check covering a payday loan may be assessed multiple late fees and
NSF check charges or fear criminal prosecution for writing a "bad check."
(8). Mandatory arbitration clause. By eliminating a borrower's right to sue for
abusive lending practices, these clauses work to the benefit of payday lenders
over consumers.
Check-holding, a central feature of payday loans, is particularly risky for
military borrowers. Every payday loan involves a prospective "bad" check.
Military borrowers are required to maintain bank accounts in order to receive
direct deposit of military pay and are subject to the Uniform Code of Military
Justice that penalizes deliberately writing a check not covered by funds on
deposit. Borrowers become trapped in repeat borrowing or renewals of loans in
order to keep the check used to obtain the loan from bouncing, a key reason that
payday loans are debt traps.
The two-week loan payday lenders claim they are providing is virtually
nonexistent. Research by Center for Responsible Lending shows that only one
percent of loans go to borrowers who take out one loan in a year. Indeed, the
industry relies on revenue from borrowers caught in a debt trap. Ninety-one
percent of payday loans go to borrowers with five or more loan transactions per
year. They are trapped in this wage-stripping debt through loan terms that
require them to either pay off the entire principal on payday, which most of
these borrowers cannot afford to do, or to pay another fee of about $50 every
payday for weeks, months, or years as they repeatedly roll over the loan or
renew it in a back-to-back transaction. They do this to avoid default, for if
the lender deposits their uncovered check, they face serious consequences. This
debt trap is the rule, not the exception: the average borrower pays back $834
for a $339 loan.
In a section of the Report entitled "Need for Federal and State assistance"
(page 45), it was stated:
The Department of Defense cannot prevent predatory lending without assistance
from Congress, the state legislatures, and federal and state enforcement
agencies. Although the Department can assist with enforcing stronger laws and
regulations through its disciplinary process and can educate Service members on
their rights and recourse, statutory protections are necessary to protect
Service members from unfair, deceptive lending practices and usurious interest
rates and to require uniform disclosure of credit costs and terms. Specifically,
lenders should not be permitted to base loans on prospective bad checks,
electronic access to bank accounts, mandatory military allotments, or titles to
vehicles. [Emphasis supplied.] All costs involved in borrowing should be
included in interest rate calculations and disclosures. Laws and regulations
must be changed to close regulatory loopholes that leave non-resident military
borrowers unprotected in many states.
It is clear that the payday lending business model is based on the repeat
collection of high loan fees from one borrower in successive transactions,
without the extension of new principal. [Emphasis supplied.] The industry has a
vested interest in legislation and regulations that allow the high fees and
repeat borrowing cycle to continue. As states work to balance the need for
short-term credit with effective borrower protections, regulation of the payday
lending industry presents a daunting challenge.
In 2004, The Department called on the states to support 10 key issues that would
improve the quality of life for Service members and their families. One of the
ten issues requested that states enforce their usury laws to prohibit predatory
payday lending. To date, eleven states have met that standard by preventing
triple-digit interest rates for payday loans including the States of
Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York,
North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia. [Editorial comment:
Please note that according to the list of states on its website, Cash America
apparently does not make payday loans in any of these states that restrict
exorbitant interest rates on payday loans.] These states have been successful in
maintaining strong usury laws and aggressively enforcing those laws. Despite
Arkansas's low constitutional usury cap, the state has permitted payday lenders
to charge triple-digit interest rates, including to airmen stationed at Little
Rock.
For example, the State of Georgia recently enacted a tough anti-payday loan law
to close loopholes and strengthen penalties against lenders that exceed the
state's 60% usury cap. The presence and testimony by Navy personnel before the
Georgia State Legislature sparked its passage. In North Carolina, state
legislators refused to reauthorize its payday lending law following the 2001
sunset of its original authorization. Following the sunset, payday lenders tried
to circumvent North Carolina's 36 percent APR small loan usury cap with the
"rent a bank" model, i.e. affiliating with an out of state bank. In December
2005, the North Carolina Commissioner of Banks ruled that Advance America was
making illegal loans under this model, and ordered them to cease and desist.
Several months later, the State Attorney General reached consent agreements with
the three payday chains still operating in the state, forcing them to also stop
their payday lending in North Carolina.
In the other thirty-nine states, a variety of laws have been enacted to
authorize loans based on checks drawn on insufficient funds and costing over 300
percent APR. Many of these States that have legalized payday lending have
included in their authorization statutes a variety of provisions purporting to
lessen the harm of repeat borrowing that result from the design of these loans.
These provisions include mandatory databases, cooling off periods, attempts to
stop rollovers and back-to-back transactions, and attempts to stop borrowing
from multiple lenders. Even with the addition of all these "consumer bells and
whistles," these laws do not stop the debt trap.
For example, when some states banned "rollovers," meaning the borrower could
extend the loan for another fee without paying it back, payday lenders attempted
to circumvent this reform by offering back-to-back transactions. The borrower
paid off the loan and immediately opened a new one for the same amount. This had
the same detrimental effect on the borrower, and also allowed the payday lender
to call the transaction a "new" loan, even though they were handing back the
same amount of money. Even when the transactions are separated by a couple of
days or a week, the borrower is still caught in the cycle of debt. If they were
using these loans as an occasional boost to get to the next payday, they would
have only a few loans a year, with weeks or months between.
As another example, the State of Florida limits borrowers to one loan at a time
from all lenders, enforced by a data reporting system licensees must use. Other
states using databases include the States of Illinois, Oklahoma, North Dakota,
and Michigan (in the near future). [Editorial comment: : Please note that
according to the list of states on its website, Cash America apparently does not
make payday loans in any of these data reporting states except Oklahoma, whose
law apparently has been ineffective as noted in the next sentence of the
Report.]
Unfortunately these attempts have been unsuccessful; even with loan restrictions
and enforcement tools, the average borrower in Florida takes out eight loans per
year and the average borrower in Oklahoma takes out nine payday loans per year.
Some state payday loan laws include limits intended to prevent repeat borrowing
but are easily circumvented. For example, the recent Illinois payday loan law is
widely touted by the payday loan trade association as a model of protections.
[Editorial comment: Please note that according to the list of states on its
website, Cash America apparently does not make payday loans in Illinois or in
Oregon, described in the next paragraph of the Report.] It permits total loans
up to $1,000 or 25 percent of gross monthly income, caps rates at over 400
percent ARY for two-week loans, permits borrowers to have two loans at the same
time, imposes a seven-day recovery period after borrowers have used loans for 45
days, and provides for an extended repayment plan only after repeat use of these
loans. Loan restrictions are monitored through a central database. Illinois
officials report that payday lenders are evading these limitations by getting
another form of state license and making loans at similar rates for longer
periods of time.
The State of Oregon recently enacted a law to cap payday loan rates at 36
percent interest and a fee of $10 per $100 borrowed with a minimum 31-day
repayment period Similar limits were contained in a proposed referendum where
advance polling showed 72 percent of the populace supported the protections in
the Oregon ballot proposal. Although the new law will not take effect until
mid-2007, payday lenders are already switching to a lender's license that does
not cap rates or put any limits on repeat borrowing in order to avoid these
restrictions.
b. State Legislative Recommendations
The most effective state protections combine strict usury limits and vigorous
enforcement. The failure of numerous states to enforce their small loan laws and
regulations with predatory lenders who target both resident and non-resident
military personnel leaves these borrowers unprotected from loans with high rates
and packed with extra fees and insurance premiums. Effective state legislative
and regulatory assistance that provides access to responsible and affordable
credit that improves Service members' lives is needed.
c. Congressional Legislative Recommendations
Effective Congressional legislation is also needed. The following Congressional
legislation has been introduced during this session, which has the potential to
protect Service members and their families from predatory lenders:
(1). Amendment to S. 2766, the Defense Authorization Bill of 2007. This
amendment was offered by Senators Talent (R-Mo) and Nelson (D-Florida) and
passed the Senate unanimously on June 22, 2006. It would cap interest rates for
loans to Service members and their dependents at no more than 36 percent APR
including all fees for credit related services EXCEPT bona fide credit
insurance. If a state has a lower rate cap, that would apply. This amendment is
nearly identical to H.R. 97 listed below.
(2). H.R. 97, introduced by Representative Graves (R-Mo), would place a 36
percent APR limit on loans made to Service members and restrict automatic
renewal, refinancing, repaying or consolidation of loans using the proceeds of
other loans. The rate cap does not include the cost of ancillary products sold
with the loan or provide a private right of action to make the protections
enforceable.
(3). S. 1878, introduced by Senator Akaka (D-HI), and H.R. 5350, introduced by
Representative Udall (D-NM), would prohibit loans secured through the use of
checks, share drafts, or electronic access to bank accounts for all borrowers.
In addition, the bills prohibit depository institutions from directly or
indirectly making payday loans. Rep. Udall's bill also calls on the Federal
Reserve Board to study better cost disclosure rules under Truth in Lending.
(4). H.R. 458, introduced by Representative Davis (R-KY), contains a Title II
that provides some limitations for a subclass of lenders termed "military
lenders" (defined as either explicitly marketing to Service members or having
more than 10 percent of customers in the military) and primarily targets
military installment loan companies. Title II applies to collection actions,
including limits on garnishment, contacting unit commanders, requiring Service
members to waive their Service Members Civil Relief Act (SCRA) rights, and
restrictions on using military terms to market their products. These
restrictions are currently largely addressed in statute and DOD policy. Title II
does not limit the cost of loans or prohibit the solicitation of unfunded checks
or pledge of car titles to secure loans. Provisions that only impact collection
actions of lenders fail to address the terms of loans that make them harmful to
Service members, such as usurious interest rates, a requirement to write checks
without funds on deposit or to sign over a car title or tax refund. Garnishments
are covered by federal statute and include due process requirements and
restrictions.
NB: As noted in the Report, Congressional sponsorship of anti-payday legislation
was bipartisan, as illustrated by Sen. Selby's (R, AL) remarks quoted in the
second paragraph of this "Background" section of this letter and the fact that
the legislation was passed unanimously in the Senate. Similarly, in a Business
Week article (January 8, 2007), Senator John Warner (R, VA) is quoted with
respect to the new law as follows:
Congress has an absolute responsibility to protect members of the military and
their families from such unfair practices.
At about the same time, on January 9, 2007, the Department of Defense issued a
press release stating that it had "launched a new effort to educate
servicemembers about the dangers of borrowing from `loan shark' lending
companies". The press release goes on to say:
The most prevalent type of loan-shark lending affecting military personnel is
what is known as "payday loans".
Evidence showing concern about predatory payday lending is hardly restricted to
actions taken by the executive and legislative branches of the Federal
government. Many of the states have been equally concerned. In addition to the
references in the DoD Report on activities by states to rein in predatory payday
lending, we hereby incorporate by this reference the following Exhibits to the
undersigned's letter dated February 5, 2006 [sic], to the Staff of the
Commission in connection with a shareholder proposal submitted to Cash America
for inclusion in its 2007 Proxy Statement: (i) Exhibit C, an article from the
Milwaukee Journal of April 16, 2004 reporting that the Governor of Wisconsin had
vetoed a bill restricting payday lending because it did not go far enough; (ii)
Exhibit D, a description of the Illinois Payday Loan Reform Act, signed by the
governor on June 9, 2005; (iii) Exhibit E, a press release dated March 1, 2006
describing North Carolina's Attorney General's actions against payday lending;
and (iv) Exhibit F, a press release dated June 13,2000 from the New York Banking
Department on payday loans
According to a Washington Post article of December 3, 2007, about twelve states
ban payday lending and the District of Columbia has recently curtailed payday
lending by enacting an ordinance prohibiting interest rates in excess of 24%
APR. In addition, the article notes that thirty cities and counties in Virginia
have asked the state legislature to restrict payday lending. The article also
quotes Harvey B. Moran (R-Gloucester) "one of the chief sponsors of the 2002 law
that allowed payday lending in Virginia" as saying that the industry is "an open
sore" and that "I'm embarrassed I was ever affiliated with it at all".
Finally, it should not be overlooked that at the core of the current credit
meltdown is the fact that many of the subprime loans underlying that meltdown
were the result of predatory lending by unscrupulous lenders who, like payday
lenders, ignored the ability of borrowers to repay the loans and charged
exorbitant fees and interest.
RULE 14a-8(i)(7)
Predatory lending has long been deemed to be a serious social problem, and has
led to calls for, and enactment of, state and federal regulation. We note that
the Report extensively quoted from in the "Background" portion of this letter,
as well as other materials cited there, describe the fact that, in addition to
the statute actually passed by Congress, there have been numerous other bills on
payday lending introduced on a bipartisan basis in the Congress, as well as
extensive activity in the states. Consequently, it is far from surprising that
the Staff has held that shareholder proposals on predatory lending raise
important policy issues and are not excludable by virtue of Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
See Conseco, Inc. (April 5, 2001); Associates First Capital Corporation (March
13, 2000). In order to refresh the Staff's recollection of the importance of
this policy issue, we hereby incorporate into this letter by this reference the
section entitled "Background" from the letter sent by the undersigned to the
Staff on behalf of the proponent in connection with the Conseco no-action
letter. More recently, the Staff reaffirmed its position that predatory lending
is such an important policy issue that shareholder proposals to lenders on the
topic are not excludable as matters pertaining to the ordinary business
operations of the registrant. Bank of America Corporation (February 23, 2006).
The Company appears to rely primarily on the fact that the staff granted a
no-action letter to it last year with respect to a different shareholder
proposal (the "2007 Proposal"). Although it is perfectly true that the 2007
Proposal was inspired by Cash America's predatory lending, unfortunately the
text of the 2007 Proposal itself did not reference predatory lending, either in
substance or in form. Rather, the 2007 Proposal called for the institution of
"suitability standards". Indeed, the term "predatory lending" itself never
appears in the proposal itself or in its Supporting Statement and the term
appears but once in the Whereas Clause, and then only in reference to activities
by the payday industry as a whole, without any reference to the Company itself.
It is therefore not surprising that the Staff failed to treat the 2007 Proposal
as a predatory lending proposal. In contrast, as the Company notes on page 3 of
its letter, the Proponents' shareholder proposal is "virtually identical" to
proposals on predatory lending that the Staff upheld in the Conseco and
Associates First Capital letters. Indeed, we note that (in contrast to the
language of the 2007 Proposal) the Resolve Clause of the Proponents' proposal
calls on the Company to adopt policies to prevent it "engaging in predatory
lending practices".
We believe that, in light of the current concerns about predatory lending that
have been generated by the subprime lending crisis, it would be a particularly
inappropriate time for the Staff to reverse its long-standing position that
shareholder proposals concerning predatory lending do, indeed, raise such
important policy issues that they "transcend the day-to-day business matters".
(See Release 34-40018, May 21, 1998)
We also note that since the policy issues surrounding "predatory lending"
inherently relate to an issuer's "credit policies, loan underwriting and
customer relations", the Company's argument that the Proponents' proposal
relates to such matters is irrelevant. These matters are the very substance of
the concerns about predatory lending.
The two other letters relied on by the Company, Bank of America Corporation
(March 7, 2005) and Wells Fargo & Company (February 16,2006) are readily
distinguishable. In each of those letters the proposal was not directed at
predatory loans made by the company actually receiving the proposal. Rather, the
proposals concerned loans that the recipient banks made to other lenders that
might be engaged in predatory lending. Each of the recipient banks, using
identical language, argued that although they quite agreed that "predatory
lending may raise significant policy issues", they asserted that since they
themselves made no such loans, the proposals raised no significant policy issue
as to them. The Staff agreed. However, that argument is not available to Cash
America since it is, indeed, the actual maker of predatory loans, with interest
rates in excess of 530% APR.
Finally, the Proponents are not trying to "micro-manage" the Company or its
policies. The proposal requests the Company to adopt policies prohibiting
predatory lending and to prepare a report to be sent to shareholders. First of
all, the proposal does not specify the content of the anti-predatory lending
policies. That is left wholly to the discretion of the Company and consequently
such a request can hardly be deemed to constitute micro-managing. Secondly, the
proposal requests a report covering at least three areas. One such area is an
assessment by the Company itself of the reasonableness of its collection
procedures. Since the Proponents are not specifying what collection procedures
should be utilized, but only asking the Company itself to assess whatever
procedures it uses, it is difficult in the extreme to imagine how this request
could constitute "micro-managing" the Company. A second area for the report to
cover is the "results" of the Company's "efforts to be transparent regarding the
terms" of the loans. Once again, the Proponents do not specify the methods to
ensure transparency, but rather request the Company itself to report on the
success of its transparency efforts. Finally, the third request is that the
Company disclose how it determines whether a borrower has the ability to repay a
loan. Once again, the Proponents do not prescribe any specific metrics, but
rather request that the company tell the shareholders what metrics it is, in
fact, using. (We note again that it was the failure of subprime mortgage lenders
to evaluate the ability of borrowers to repay their loans that is at the core of
the current subprime mortgage crisis.)
For the foregoing reasons. Rule 14a-8(i)(7) is inapplicable to the Proponents'
shareholder proposal.
RULE 14a-8(i)(10)
The Company has the burden of proving the applicability of any exclusion under
Rule 14a-8(i). The Company has failed to carry that burden with respect to Rule
14a-8(i)(10).
First of all, the Company's argument appears to be that it has implemented the
2007 Proposal and consequently its argument seems to bear little or no relevance
to the Proponents' actual proposal for 2008.
Thus, at no point does Cash America state that it has adopted policies, as
requested by the Proponents' shareholder proposal, that would prevent it from
"engaging in predatory lending practices". Indeed, nothing in the Company's
letter appears to even imply that it does not engage in each and every one of
the eight characteristics of payday predatory lending enumerated in the DoD
Report quoted above on the bottom half of page 4 of this letter. Nor has Cash
America claimed that it has reported to shareholders on the adequacy of such
policies and specifically on the reasonableness of its collection procedures,
the results of Company efforts to make loan terms transparent or on the metrics
used to determine a borrower's ability to repay the loan.
For the foregoing reasons, the Company has failed to establish that the
Proponents' shareholder proposal has been substantially implemented.
RULE 14a-8(i)(3)
In Staff Legal Bulletin 14B (September 15, 2004) the Staff engaged in an
extensive discussion of Rule 14a-8(i)(3). In that Bulletin, the Staff stated:
... we believe that it would not be appropriate for companies to exclude
supporting statement language and/or an entire proposal in reliance on rule
14a-8(i)(3) in the following circmstances:
the company objects to factual assertions because they are not supported;
the company objects to factual assertions that, while not materially false or
misleading, may be disputed or countered;
the company objects to factual assertions because those assertions may be
interpreted by shareholders in a manner that is unfavorable to the company, its
directors, or its officers; and/or
the company objects to statements because they represent the opinion of the
shareholder proponent or a referenced source, but the statements are not
identified specifically as such.
We believe that it is appropriate under rule 14a-8 for companies to address
these objections in their statements of opposition.
We believe that each of the objections that Cash America has made to the wording
of the Proponent's proposal is of the types described in Staff Legal Bulletin
14B. In particular, the Company's objections seem to be to the opinion of the
Proponent and/or to assertions that are matters of dispute.
In conclusion, we request the Staff to inform the Company that the SEC proxy
rules require denial of the Company's no action request. We would appreciate
your telephoning the undersigned at 941-349-6164 with respect to any questions
in connection with this matter or if the staff wishes any further information.
Faxes can be received at the same number. Please also note that the undersigned
may be reached by mail or express delivery at the letterhead address (or via the
email address).
Very truly yours,
/s/
Paul M. Neuhauser
Attorney at Law
cc: Paul W. Talbot, Esq.
John Wilson
Sister Susan Mika
Nadira Narine
Laura Berry
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
February13, 2008
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: Cash America International, Inc. Incoming letter dated December 21, 2007
The proposal requests that the board form an independent committee of outside
directors to oversee the amendment of current policies and the development of
enforcement mechanisms to prevent employees or affiliates from engaging in
predatory lending practices, and report to shareholders.
We are unable to concur in your view that Cash America may exclude the proposal
under rule 14a-8(i)(3). Accordingly, we do not believe that Cash America may
omit the proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(3).
We are unable to concur in your view that Cash America may exclude the proposal
under rule 14a-8(i)(7). Accordingly, we do not believe that Cash America may
omit the proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(7).
We are unable to concur in your view that Cash America may exclude the proposal
under rule 14a-8(i)(10). Accordingly, we do not believe that Cash America may
omit the proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(10).
Sincerely,
/s/Peggy Kim
Attorney-Adviser
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