Company Name: Wachovia Corporation
Public Availability Date: February 7, 2007
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX
INQUIRY LETTER
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 19, 2006
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Wachovia Corporation - Omission of Shareholder Proposal Submitted by Hilda
Kaplis and Sydney Kaplis Kay, Ph.D.
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Wachovia Corporation, a North Carolina corporation ("Wachovia"), hereby notifies
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") of its intent to omit
a shareholder proposal from its proxy statement and form of proxy for Wachovia's
2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the "2007 Proxy Materials"), pursuant to
Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and, in
connection therewith, respectfully requests the staff of the Division of
Corporation Finance (the "Staff") to indicate that it will not recommend any
enforcement action to the Commission.
The Proposal
Hilda Kaplis and Sydney Kaplis Kay (the "Proponents") have submitted a proposal
(the "Proposal") for inclusion in Wachovia's 2007 Proxy Materials. The Proposal,
including its supporting statement, is attached as Exhibit A.
The Proposal mandates that "all Director Nominees must be:
1. Individual Investors who shall, for the past five (5) years, have been, and
currently are, the sole owner of at least five million DOLLARS ($5,000,000) of
the corporation's shares, and/or
2. Representatives from Mutual, Pension, State Treasury Funds or Foundations
that hold at least two million (2,000,000) SHARES in the corporation to which
they are being nominated."
Summary of Wachovia's Position
As set forth more fully below, Wachovia believes that it may properly omit the
Proposal from its 2007 Proxy Materials pursuant to:
Rule 14a-8(i)(1), because the Proposal is improper under state law;
Rule 14a-8(i)(2), because the Proposal would, if implemented, cause Wachovia
to violate state law;
Rule 14a-8(i)(8), because the Proposal relates to an election for membership
on Wachovia's board of directors;
Rule 14a-8(i)(9), because the Proposal directly conflicts with one of
Wachovia's own proposals to be submitted to the shareholders at the same
meeting; and
Rule 14a-8(i)(6), because Wachovia lacks the power to implement the Proposal.
Rule 14a-8(i)(1) and Rule 14a-8(i)(2)-Proposal is Improper Under State Law and,
if Implemented, Would Cause Wachovia to Violate State Law.
Rule 14a-8(i)(1) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal if the proposal
is not a proper subject for action by shareholders under the relevant state law.
Rule 14a-8(i)(2) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal that, if
implemented, would cause a company to violate state law. The Proposal mandates
that all of Wachovia's director nominees satisfy certain stock ownership
requirements and be representatives of certain specified groups who hold
Wachovia shares. The Proposal is not a proper subject for action by Wachovia's
shareholders under state law because it infringes upon the discretionary
authority of Wachovia's board of directors and conflicts with Wachovia's Bylaws.
The Note to Rule 14a-8(i)(1) states that "[d]epending on the subject matter,
some proposals are not considered proper under state law if they would be
binding on the company if approved by shareholders." The Proposal, as drafted,
would be binding on Wachovia if approved by its shareholders and may be excluded
under Rule 14a-8(i)(1) because it is not a proper subject for action by
Wachovia's shareholders. Wachovia is a North Carolina corporation, and North
Carolina law provides that the business and affairs of the corporation shall be
managed by or under the authority and direction of the board of directors.
Essentially, North Carolina law grants the board of directors the authority to
act upon any corporate matter not otherwise governed by a company's charter or
bylaws. N.C. Gen. Stat $55-8-01. Because Wachovia's Bylaws grant Wachovia's
board of directors the discretionary authority to select Wachovia's director
nominees, including any director nominees to fill vacancies, the Proposal's
requirement that director nominees satisfy certain stock ownership and
membership criteria wrongly infringes upon the board's authority under North
Carolina law and Wachovia's Bylaws. The Staff has consistently supported the
exclusion of similar proposals mandating that director nominees satisfy certain
criteria because they intrude upon a board's discretionary authority. For
example, in Niagara Mohawk Power Co. (publicly available February 16, 1990), the
Staff concluded that a proposal requiring a nominee to own a certain amount of a
company's shares may be excluded as not a proper subject for shareholder action
under state law because the proposal "intrudes upon the discretionary authority
granted the Board of Directors" under state law. See also BankAmerica
Corporation (publicly available March 17, 1988) and The Southern Company
(publicly available March 21, 1985).
In addition, the Proposal is not a proper subject for shareholder action because
it conflicts with Wachovia's Bylaws. North Carolina law provides that a
company's articles or bylaws may prescribe the qualifications of directors. N.C.
Gen. Stat. 55-8-02. Article III, Section 2 of Wachovia's Bylaws provides that
directors need not be shareholders of Wachovia. Accordingly, to propose a
requirement that mandates that director nominees hold Wachovia stock is contrary
to Wachovia's Bylaws and thus, if implemented, would cause Wachovia to violate
North Carolina law. To implement the Proposal, Wachovia would need to amend its
Bylaws. The Proponents, however, have not proposed an amendment to Wachovia's
Bylaws and, therefore, the Proposal is improper under, and a violation of, state
law. In similar cases, the Staff allowed the exclusion of proposals requiring
directors to own a certain number of company shares as improper under state law
because they did not seek to amend the company's charter or by-laws to include
the proposed share ownership requirements. See Niagara Mohawk Power Co. and
BankAmerica Corporation.
Based on the foregoing, the Proposal is not a proper subject for shareholder
action under North Carolina law and would require Wachovia to violate North
Carolina law and may be omitted from the 2007 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule
14a-8(i)(1) and Rule 14a-8(i)(2).
Rule 14a-8(i)(8) and Rule 14a-8(i)(9) - Proposal Relates to an Election for
Membership on Wachovia's Board of Directors and Conflicts with a Proposal
Submitted by Wachovia to Wachovia's Shareholders at the Same Meeting.
Rule 14a-8(i)(8)
Rule 14a-8(i)(8) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal if the proposal
relates to an election for membership on the company's board of directors. The
Proposal relates to, and would affect, the election of directors at Wachovia's
2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders who are to be elected at the same meeting in
which the Proposal would be presented. The Staff has taken the position that
proposals may be excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(8) if they have the effect of
disqualifying nominees for an election at the same meeting where the proposal is
presented. See The Adams Express Company (publicly available December 28, 2000)
(finding that a proposal may be excluded pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(8) "to the
extent the minimum share ownership requirement may disqualify certain nominees
for director at the upcoming annual meeting of shareholders"); see also
International Business Machines Corporation (publicly available January 22,
1992). Similarly, in this case, certain of Wachovia's director nominees will not
satisfy the stock ownership requirements, or the requirement that director
nominees be representatives from mutual fund, pension fund or other specified
groups, and would be disqualified from being nominated as a director at
Wachovia's 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
In addition, the Staff has concluded that proposals may be excluded under Rule
14a-8(i)(8) if it requires that individuals from a specified group be elected to
the board of directors. The Proposal requires, in part, that director nominees
include representatives from "Mutual, Pension, State Treasury Funds or
Foundations" that hold at least two million Wachovia shares. If adopted, the
Proposal would result in individuals representing those specific entities,
namely large institutional investors, with each of their own different agendas,
campaigning and competing as nominees for a position on Wachovia's board of
directors. The Proposal's supporting statement indicates that the Proponents
believe that only individual investors and representatives from those specified
groups that own Wachovia common stock are worthy of serving as directors. The
Staff has found that such proposals, similar to the Proposal, that require the
nomination of an individual from a narrowly defined group, excludable under Rule
14a-8(i)(8) as relating to the election of directors. In BankAmerica Corporation
(publicly available February 7, 1980), the Staff permitted the exclusion of a
proposal to fill vacancies on the board with candidates representing pension
funds owning shares in the company's stock because the proposal related to the
election to office under Rule 14a-8(c)(8), the predecessor to Rule 14a-8(i)(8).
In making its determination, the Staff stated "the proposal's requirement that
representatives of private and public sector pension funds owning shares of the
Company's common stock be appointed to the Board of Directors relates to the
election of specific individuals to the Company's board and this is excludable
under Rule 14a- 8(c)(8)." Similarly, in The Walt Disney Company (publicly
available December 14, 2004), the Staff concluded that a proposal calling for
the board to reserve one seat for a descendant of Walt Disney or Roy Disney was
excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(8). See also Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
(publicly available August 6, 1999) (proposal requiring that no person to serve
as a director unless the person is a duly authorized representative of an entity
that made a "Qualified Offer" to acquire the company excludable because it
relates "to an election membership on its board of directors"); and Pacific Gas
and Electric Co. (publicly available December 12, 1989). In each of these cases,
the Staff found that the proposal was not specifying procedures for nomination
or qualifications generally, but were excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(8), or its
predecessor rule, because the proposal would require that a particular person or
persons from a specified group be included in management's nominees and,
therefore, relates to the election of directors. In this case, the Proposal also
is not merely setting forth a procedure for nomination or general qualifications
for director nominees, but is requiring that persons from specific designated
groups be nominated as Wachovia directors. Moreover, the Staff also has found
that proposals similar to the Proposal that require that certain persons or
groups be represented on the board may be excluded pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(8)
because they create a contest for election to the board. See Goldfield
Corporation (publicly available April 9, 2002).
Accordingly, based on the foregoing, Wachovia believes that the Proposal relates
to the election of directors and may be omitted from the 2007 Proxy Materials
pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(8).
Rule 14a-8(i)(9)
Rule 14a-8(i)(9) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal that "directly
conflicts with one of the company's own proposals to be submitted to
shareholders at the same meeting." As noted above, Wachovia will nominate
certain directors to Wachovia's board of directors who will not meet the share
ownership and/or specific representative membership criteria required in the
Proposal. Accordingly, the Proposal will directly conflict with the nomination
of some of Wachovia's directors and would be counter to a proposal to be
submitted by Wachovia at the same meeting. The Staff has consistently found that
such proposals that conflict with the company's proposal may be excluded under
Rule 14a-8(i)(9). See American Brands, Inc. (publicly available January 6,
1994); and International Business Machines Corporation (publicly available
January 22, 1992). Because the Proposal relates to the election to membership on
Wachovia's board of directors at Wachovia's 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
of individuals who will not meet certain requirements set forth in the Proposal,
it will be in direct conflict with Wachovia's proposal and thus excludable under
Rule 14a-8(i)(9).
Based on the foregoing, the Proposal directly conflicts with one of Wachovia's
own proposals to be submitted to Wachovia stockholders at the same meeting and
may be omitted from the 2007 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(9).
Rule 14a-8(i)(6)Proposal Is Beyond the Board's Power to Effectuate.
Rule 14a-8(i)(6) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal if "the company
would lack the power or authority to implement the proposal." The Staff has
allowed the exclusion of proposals under Rule 14a-8(i)(6), or its predecessor
rule, requiring that a third party act in order to implement the proposal
because the subject company cannot guarantee that such third party action would
occur. In short, it is beyond the company's power to compel third party action
because the company does not control the third party. See American Electric
Power Company, Inc. (publicly available February 5, 1985) (proposal relating to
the completion of a plant jointly owned with non-affiliated third parties
excludable under Rule 14a-8(c)(6) because the company did not have the ability
to complete the plant without the approval of the co-owners); See also Bell
Atlantic Corporation (publicly available January 15, 1997). Wachovia does not
have the power or ability to implement the Proposal because, even assuming
Wachovia could find individuals that meet the director qualifications specified
in the Proposal, the implementation of the Proposal requires that such
individuals consent to their nomination and to serve as a director. In fact,
Item 401(a) of Regulation S-K of the Commission's rules requires that director
nominees consent to being named as directors in a company's proxy materials.
Wachovia, however, cannot ensure that those individuals who meet the specified
criteria required by the Proposal would consent to their nomination as directors
of Wachovia. Serving as a director is, of course, an extremely important and
time-intensive position that may also expose a person to significant liability.
Furthermore, it may be unlikely that representatives from mutual funds, pension
and other funds and foundations, as required in the Proposal, would be willing
to serve as directors since it would make them privy to material inside
information that may restrict their funds from freely trading in Wachovia's
shares in the ordinary course of business. Wachovia simply would not be in
position to guarantee that the persons meeting the requirements set forth in the
Proposal would be willing become a nominee for director.
Moreover, the Staff has permitted the exclusion of proposals under Rule
14a-8(i)(6) that seek to guarantee the election of a particular type of person
as director. For example, in International Business Machines (publicly available
January 31, 1995), the Staff allowed the exclusion of a proposal that asked that
IBM employees be represented on the board of directors. The Staff, in permitting
the exclusion of the proposal, stated "it does not appear to be within the power
of the board of directors to ensure the election of an individual as director
who meets the specified criteria." See also Tri-Continental Corporation
(publicly available March 25, 2003) (proposal to change the bylaws to require a
majority of directors not be affiliated with certain funds excludable under Rule
14a-8(i)(6)); and Farmer Bros. Co. (publicly available October 15, 2002)
(proposal to amend bylaws to require that a majority of board of directors be
independent and that board committees consist of independent directors may be
excluded because company does not have the authority to implement). Similar to
those situations, the Proposal seeks to ensure that all current and future
nominees to Wachovia's board of directors hold a specified amount of Wachovia
stock or be representatives of certain specific groups. In requiring that all
director nominees satisfy the stock ownership and group membership requirements
described in the Proposal, it effectively seeks for Wachovia to guarantee that
it will identify individuals satisfying the specific criteria and that all such
persons would then be willing to serve as Wachovia directors. Wachovia cannot
ensure that such persons will be willing to serve as nominees and, therefore,
does not have the power to implement the Proposal.
Based on the foregoing, Wachovia lacks the power to implement the Proposal and
Wachovia believes that it may be omitted from the 2007 Proxy Materials pursuant
to Rule 14a-8(i)(6).
Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, Wachovia respectfully submits that it may
properly omit the Proposal from its 2007 Proxy Materials and requests that the
Staff indicate that it will not recommend enforcement action to the Commission
if Wachovia omits such Proposal. In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j)(2)(iii), this
letter also constitutes an opinion of counsel to the extent any of the reasons
set forth herein are based on matters of state law.
In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j), six copies of this letter, including Exhibit
A, are enclosed, and a copy of this letter is being sent to the Proponent.
Wachovia hereby agrees to promptly forward to the Proponent any Staff response
to this no-action request that the Staff transmits to Wachovia only by
facsimile.
Please acknowledge receipt of this letter by stamping the enclosed copy of the
first page of the letter and returning it to our messenger who has been
instructed to wait. If you have any questions regarding this request, please
call the undersigned at (704) 383-4901. My facsimile number is (704) 715-4496.
Very truly yours,
/s/
Anthony R. Augliera
Senior Vice President and
Deputy General Counsel
cc: Hilda Kaplis
Sydney Kaplis Kay, Ph.D.
Enclosures
[APPENDIX]
Exhibit A
QUALIFICATIONS FOR DIRECTOR NOMINEES
WHEREAS MOST of the corporate Boards in the United States are currently made up
of present or past Chairmen/CEOs/ Presidents having considerable executive
background experiences in a wide varieties of businesses.
WHEREAS MOST of the Director Nominees come from businesses totally different
from that of the company to which they have been nominated to serve on its
independent executive governance Board.
WHEREAS It is known, throughout the financial industry, that Director Nominces
are often appointed by Chairmen/CEOs with the power and influence to create
their own Boards. John Kenneth Galbraith, the renown economist, said, "Senior
Executives in the great corporations of this country set their own
salaries....and stock option deals....subject to the approval of the Board of
Directors that they have appointed. Not surprisingly, the Directors go along."
(The Dallas Morning News, 1-16-2000, p. 1/10J)
WHEREAS Sir J.E.E. Dalberg said, "Power tends to corrupt and absolute power
corrupts absolutely."
WHEREAS Such Directors have been called "Puppets" by the author of this
Proposal; "Flunkies" by David Broder of The Washington Post, and "Rnbber-stampers"
by Steve Hamm of Business Week magazine.
WHEREAS Currently, ALL the non-employee Directors, COMBINED, often do not own
enough shares in the corporation to which they have been nominated to have
genuine feelings of fiduciary responsibility to its shareholders. Their
allegiance tends to be directed toward the Chairmen-CEOs who nominated them,
revealed in the enormously distorted Compensation Packages given to the
Principal Executives that are totally unrelated to Performance year after year
after year.
WHEREAS To have a truly independent executive governance Board, the Nominees
must come from sources over which the Chairmen-CEO, and other Principal
Executives in the corporation, have no control.
WHEREAS NO salaried employees shall qualify as a Director Nominee: their
presence on the Board corrupts and destroys its function as a totally
independent executive governance body.
THEREFORE, be it RESOLVED: That all Director Nominees must be:
1. Individual Investors who shall, for the past five (5) years, have been, and
currently are, the sole owner of at least five million DOLLARS ($5,000,000) of
the corporation's shares, and/or
2. Representatives from Mutual, Pension, State Treasury Funds or Foundations
that hold at least two million (2,000,000) SHARES in the corporation to which
they are being nominated..
[INQUIRY LETTER]
21 December 2006
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, NE
Washington, DC 20549.
Re: 1934 Act/Rule 14a-8 Wachovia CorporationOmission of Shareholder Proposal
Submitted by. Hilda Kaplis and Sydney Kaplis Kay, Ph.D.
Dear members of the Division of Corporation Finance of the SEC:
I'm Sydney, the younger brother of Hilda, my 92 year-old sister. She is the
Primary shareholder of shares in Wachovia. I'm the Joint owner.
I am responding to the letter written to you by Anthony Augliera, the Great
Legal Potentate of Wachovia Corporation. I don't have a legal background, so I'm
responding to his five-page dissertation as a Connecticut Yankee who taught
Biology and Chemistry at the High School level, Marriage & the Family at the
U-Wisconsin-Menominee, and as a Superintendant of Schools in Dodge and Balta,
North Dakota, where the winters are rough.
I simply want to make a rebuttal to Mr. Augliera's second paragraph on page 3:
"In addition, the Proposal is not a proper subject for shareholder action
because it conflicts with Wachovia's Bylaws. North Carolina law provides that a
company's articles or bylaws MAY prescribe the qualifications of directors."
MAY, in my book, means that the North Carolina law MAY be open to other
interpretations, so why the heck CAN'T I "prescribe the qualifications of
director nominees"? And THAT is what my Proposal attempts to do. Mr. Augliera
goes on to say "To implement the Proposal, Wachovia would need to amend its
bylaws. The Proponents, however, have not proposed an amendment to Wachovia's
bylaws and, therefore, the Proposal is improper under, and a violation of, state
law." For God's sake, if my Proposal gets a majority of the shareholder's votes,
the bylaw would or should be amended automatically.
On the other hand, if I had to submit my proposal, as an amendment to the
Wachovia bylaws, to the seventeen (17) "puppet, flunky, rubber-stamping" members
of the Board, it wouldn't get ONE (1) vote....AND YOU KNOW IT. Why? Because they
don't want to risk being dumped as a Director: the "perks" are superb: the
compensation in money and shares, the round-trips to quarterly meetings in First
Class or on a corporate jet, put up in 4-Star hotels, dined and, especially,
wined at 4-Star restaurants. My proposal would eliminate these suckers. I,
myself, am a shareholder....a MIGHTY SMALL shareholder....in twenty corporations
(look it up!), and I've attended the Annual Meetings of those close to me:
ExxonMobil, Kimberly-Clark, TX Industries, TX Instruments, Belo and EDS (dropped
the last two). I've called the Directors "puppets, flunkies, rubber-stampers" to
their faces....and told them that, COMBINED, all the non-employee Directors
didn't own enough shares to play MONOPOLY let alone have any feelings of
fiduciary responsibility to the shareholders. As John Kenneth Galbraith said,
they are appointed by the Principal Executives....and their allegiance is to
them, not the shareholders. They prove it by giving excessive bonuses and
hundreds of thousands of stock option shares year after year after year that are
NEVER "performance-based".(Net income after Taxes) And who pays for this
tremendous greed? The shareholders in dividends they will never receive. Paul
Volcher, former Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, said "Stock options have
been the principal source of egregious excesses in executive compensation over
the past decade without exception" (Nightly Business Report, PBS, 9-17-02) And
all of you know it's true!
As a matter of fact, all of you also know that a majority of the Directors
are....or were....Chairmen, CEOs, or Presidents of their own corporations (look
at their bios in the Proxy Statement), who, back home, have or had their own
Boards of "puppet, flunky, rubber-stamping" Directors. It's as though we have a
"National Brotherhood of Puppet, Flunky, Rubber-Stamping Directors" !
As I see it, the ONLY way this gluttonous, greed can be stopped is to be able to
nominate potential Directors who have a vested interest in the corporations on
which they seek to serve, and that's what my Proposal is attempting to do.
LASTLY, if my Proposal, "Qualifications for Director Nominees" is not adequate
or legal, HOW ABOUT SOME HELP????? If ANYONE can create the changes we
shareholders so desperately need, it's the SEC. Are YOU up to the task, or are
we shareholders doomed to perpetual existence with these puppets ad infinitum?
Sincerely,
/s/
Sydney K Kay, Ph.D.
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
February 7, 2007
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: Wachovia Corporation Incoming letter dated December 19, 2006
The proposal relates to requiring that each nominee for director of the company
be an individual who shall, for at least the past five years, have been, and
currently be the sole owner of at least five million dollars of company shares
and/or a representative of a mutual, pension, state treasury fund, or
foundations holding at least two million shares in the company.
There appears to be some basis for your view that the Wachovia may exclude the
proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(1) as an improper subject for shareholder action
under applicable state law or rule 14a-8(i)(2) because it would, if implemented,
cause Wachovia to violate state law. It appears that this defect could be cured,
however, if the proposal were recast as a recommendation or request to the board
of directors. Accordingly, unless the proponent provides Wachovia with a
proposal revised in this manner, within seven calendar days after receiving this
letter, we will not recommend any enforcement action to the Commission if
Wachovia omits the proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rules
14a-8(i)(1) or 14a-8(i)(2).
There appears to be some basis for your view that Wachovia may exclude the
proposal under rules 14a-8(i)(8) and 14a-8(i)(9) to the extent that
implementation of the proposal may disqualify certain nominees for director at
the upcoming annual meeting of shareholders. It appears that this defect could
be cured, however if the proposal were revised so that it applied only to
nominees for director at meetings subsequent to the 2007 annual meeting.
Accordingly, unless the proponent provides Wachovia with a proposal revised in
this manner, within seven calendar days after receiving this letter, we will not
recommend any enforcement action to the Commission if Wachovia omits the
proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rules 14a-8(i)(8) or
14a-8(i)(9).
We are unable to concur in your view that Wachovia may exclude the proposal
under rule 14a-8(i)(6). Accordingly, we do not believe that Wachovia may omit
the proposal from its proxy material in reliance on this basis under rule
14a-8(i)(6).
We are unable to conclude that Wachovia has met its burden of establishing that
Wachovia may exclude the proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(8). Accordingly, we do not
believe that Wachovia may omit the proposal from its proxy materials in reliance
on rule 14a-8(i)(8).
Sincerely,
/s/
Rebekah Toton
Attorney-Adviser
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