Company Name: General Electric Co.
Public Availability Date: January 30, 2007
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 8, 2006
Direct Dial (202) 955-8671
Fax No. (202) 530-9569
Client No. 32016-00092
VIA HAND DELIVERY
Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Shareowner Proposal of Thomas J. Borelli, Ph.D. Exchange Act of 1934Rule
14a-8
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter is to inform you that our client, General Electric Company ("GE"),
intends to omit from its proxy statement and form of proxy for its 2007 Annual
Shareowners Meeting (collectively, the "2007 Proxy Materials") a shareowner
proposal and statements in support thereof (the "Proposal") received from Thomas
J. Borelli, Ph.D. (the "Proponent").
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j), we have:
enclosed herewith six (6) copies of this letter and its attachments;
filed this letter with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission") no later than eighty (80) calendar days before GE files its
definitive 2007 Proxy Materials with the Commission; and
concurrently sent copies of this correspondence to the Proponent.
Rule 14a-8(k) provides that shareowner proponents are required to send companies
a copy of any correspondence that the proponents elect to submit to the
Commission or the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance (the "Staff").
Accordingly, we are taking this opportunity to inform the Proponent that if he
elects to submit additional correspondence to the Commission or the Staff with
respect to this Proposal, a copy of that correspondence should concurrently be
furnished to the undersigned on behalf of GE pursuant to Rule 14a-8(k).
BASIS FOR EXCLUSION
On behalf of our client, we hereby respectfully request that the Staff concur in
our view that the Proposal may be excluded from the 2007 Proxy Materials
pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because it deals with a matter relating to GE's
ordinary business operations (i.e., involving GE in the political or legislative
process relating to specific legislative initiatives and a review and assessment
of pending legislation).
THE PROPOSAL
The Proposal asks that shareowners request GE to issue a "business social
responsibility report" describing GE's activities and plans to address and
promote a specific agenda of public policy matters, including specific
legislative and regulatory initiatives. In addition to seeking a report, five of
the paragraphs in the supporting statement of the Proposal describe the
Proponent's views on legislative and regulatory initiatives advocated in the
Proposal, such as tax reform, litigation and tort law reform and reform of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. In addition to those paragraphs, the supporting
statement demonstrates that the Proposal seeks a report on GE's lobbying
activities on these matters. For example, the supporting statement begins, "[s]hareholders
expect management to take appropriate actions to advance shareholder interests,
including participating in public policy debates and lobbying activities.
Shareholders have the right to know to what extent management is meeting this
expectation." A copy of the Proposal, as well as related correspondence from the
Proponent, is attached to this letter as Exhibit A.
ANALYSIS
The Proposal May Be Excluded Under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) Because It Deals with
Matters Related to GE's Ordinary Business Operations.
A. The Proposal Addresses Ordinary Business Matters.
As noted above, the Proposal is focused on involving GE in public policy debates
and lobbying on specific matters. The "resolved" clause in the Proposal seeks a
report on GE's activities and plans with respect to the impact of specifically
identified pending legislative and regulatory initiatives, as well as
information on GE's activities with respect to "promoting ... trade
liberalization, and deregulation."
When assessing proposals under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), the Staff considers both the
resolution and the supporting statement as a whole. See, e.g., Staff Legal
Bulletin No. 14C, part D.2. (June 28, 2005) ("In determining whether the focus
of these proposals is a significant social policy issue, we consider both the
proposal and the supporting statement as a whole.") As a result, regardless of
whether the "resolved" clause in a proposal implicates ordinary business
matters, the proposal is excludable when the supporting statement has the effect
of transforming the vote on the proposal into a vote on an ordinary business
matter. For example, in General Electric Co. (avail. Jan. 10, 2005), the Staff
concurred in the exclusion of a proposal where the "resolved" clause related to
the company's executive compensation policy (an issue the Staff has determined
raises significant policy considerations) because the supporting statement
primarily addressed the issue of the depiction of smoking in motion pictures. In
concurring that the proposal could be excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), the Staff
stated that "although the proposal mentions executive compensation, the thrust
and focus of the proposal is on the ordinary business matter of the nature,
presentation and content of programming and film production." Likewise in
Corrections Corporation of America (avail. Mar. 15, 2006), the Staff concurred
that a proposal could be excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) where the "resolved"
clause addressed a particular executive compensation policy but the thrust and
focus of the supporting statement related to general compensation matters.
This position is also reflected in numerous letters addressing proposals on
corporate charitable giving, where the Staff has concurred that proponents
cannot use an otherwise non-excludable resolution as a vehicle for raising
matters that relate to a company's ordinary business operations. In this
context, the Staff has recognized a distinction under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) between
appropriate proposals that address generally a company's policies toward
charitable giving and excludable proposals that focus on charitable giving to
particular types of organizations. In assessing this distinction, the Staff has
not only reviewed the "resolved" clause set forth in the proposal, but has
assessed the resolution and the supporting statement as a whole. For example, in
Wyeth (avail. Jan. 23, 2004), the Staff determined that the company could not
exclude a proposal requesting it to refrain from making charitable contributions
where the supporting statement did not shift the focus of the proposal to a
particular type of charitable organization. In contrast, in Bank of America
Corp. (avail. Jan. 24, 2003), the Staff concurred that the company could exclude
a proposal with a "resolved" clause that was virtually identical to the one
considered in Wyeth, but in which the supporting statement focused on ceasing
contributions to a particular type of charitable organization. Likewise, in
American Home Products (avail. Mar. 4, 2002), the proposal requested that the
board form a committee to study and report on the impact charitable
contributions have on American Home Products' business and share value. However,
because five of the six "whereas" clauses in the proposal addressed Planned
Parenthood and similar organizations, the Staff concurred that the company could
exclude the proposal. See also Schering-Plough Corp. (avail. Mar. 4, 2002)
(same). Significantly, just as the proposals in American Home Products and
Schering-Plough focused on a particular charity rather than the company's
charitable giving policy generally, the Proposal here consists of numerous
paragraphs addressing specific legislative and regulatory initiatives that are
currently pending in Congress, including in the areas of tax reform,
litigation/tort reform, reform of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.1
The letters discussed above reflect the fact that proponents may not use the
opportunity to provide a supporting statement under the shareowner proposal
process as a means to circumvent Rule 14a-8(i)(7)'s restriction on proposals
addressing ordinary business matters. Here, both the "resolved" clause and the
supporting statement make it clear that the Proponent is primarily concerned
with involving GE in lobbying for and participating in public policy debates
with respect to specific legislative initiatives.
B. The Proposal Involves Ordinary Business Matters Because It Attempts to
Involve GE in Public Policy Discussions Regarding Specific Legislative and
Regulatory Initiatives That Address GE's Business.
In a number of no-action letters, the Staff has concurred that a proposal is
excludable where, as here, it seeks to involve a company in the political or
legislative process. For example, in International Business Machines Corp.
(avail. Jan. 21, 2002) the Staff concurred that a proposal requiring the company
to "[j]oin with other corporations in support of the establishment of a properly
financed national health insurance system" was excludable because it "appears
directed at involving IBM in the political or legislative process relating to an
aspect of IBM's operations." See also General Motors Corp. (April 7, 2006) (avail. Apr. 7, 2006)
(permitting the exclusion under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) of a proposal requesting that
the company petition the U.S. Government for improved corporate average fuel
economy standards, "lead the effort to enroll the assistance of the
Administration and Congress" and the automotive industry to develop a non-oil
based transportation system, and spread this technology to other nations);
Chrysler Corp. (avail. Feb. 10, 1992) (concurring, in reliance on Rule
14a-8(i)(7), in the omission of a proposal requesting that the company actively
support and lobby for universal health coverage).2
Even though the Proposal is phrased in terms of requesting a report on GE's
activities and plans regarding legislative and regulatory initiatives, it is
well established that when determining whether a proposal requesting the
preparation of a report is excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), the Staff "will
consider whether the subject matter of the special report involves a matter of
ordinary business." See Exchange Act Release No. 20091 (Aug. 16, 1983). The
Staff has concurred that proposals seeking reports can have the effect of
involving a company in the political or legislative process and therefore be
excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). For example, in International Business
Machines Corp. (avail. Mar. 2, 2000), the Staff concurred in the omission of a
proposal requesting that the company prepare a report discussing issues under
review by federal regulators and legislative proposals relating to cash balance
plan conversions. In concurring that the proposal was excludable, the Staff
stated, "[w]e note that the proposal appears directed at involving IBM in the
political or legislative process relating to an aspect of IBM's operations."
Here, the Proposal states that the report may cover GE's plans to "reduc[e] the
impact on the Company of: unmeritorious litigation (lawsuit/tort reform);
unnecessarily burdensome laws and regulations (e.g., Sarbanes-Oxley reform); and
taxes on the Company (i.e., tax reform)." The Staff consistently has concurred
that proposals seeking reports on the impact on a company of legislative, policy
and/or regulatory actions are ordinary business matters.
Recently, in Microsoft Corp. (avail. Sept. 29, 2006), the Staff concurred in the
exclusion of a proposal calling for an evaluation of the impact on the company
of expanded government regulation of the Internet. Additionally, in General
Electric Co. (avail. Jan. 17, 2006), the Staff concluded that a proposal
relating to a report on the impact of a flat tax was properly excludable under
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) as relating to GE's "ordinary business operations (i.e.,
evaluating the impact of a flat tax on GE)." See also Verizon Communications
Inc. (avail. Jan. 31, 2006) (same); Citigroup Inc. (avail. Jan. 26, 2006)
(same); Johnson & Johnson (avail. Jan. 24, 2006) (same). Likewise, in Pepsico,
Inc. (avail. Mar. 7, 1991), the Staff concurred that a shareowner proposal
calling for an evaluation of the impact on the company of various health care
reform proposals being considered by federal policy makers could be excluded
from the company's proxy materials in reliance on Rule 14a-8(i)(7). See also
Niagara Mohawk Holdings, Inc. (avail. Mar. 5, 2001) (permitting exclusion under
the predecessor to Rule 14a-8(i)(7) of a proposal requesting that the company
prepare a report on pension-related issues being considered in federal
regulatory and legislative proceedings); Electronic Data Systems Corp. (avail.
Mar. 24, 2000) (concurring in the exclusion of a similar proposal under Rule
14a-8(i)(7)).
As with each of the proposals discussed above, the Proposal requests a report
on, and seeks to direct GE's political and lobbying activities with respect to,
a specific agenda of legislative reforms and public policies affecting GE's
operations, including tort reform, trade liberalization and deregulation. An
assessment of and approach to regulatory or legislative reforms and public
policies impacting many aspects of GE's business is a customary and important
responsibility of management, and is not a proper subject for shareowner
involvement. GE devotes significant time and resources to monitoring its
compliance with existing laws and participating in the legislative and
regulatory process, including taking positions on legislative policies that are
in line with the best interests of GE. This process involves the study of a
number of factors, including the likelihood that lobbying efforts will be
successful and the anticipated effect of specific regulations on GE's financial
position and shareowner value. Likewise, decisions as to how and whether to
lobby on behalf of particular legislative initiatives, or whether to participate
otherwise in the political process by taking an active role in public policy
debates on the legislative initiatives, involve complex decisions implicating
the impact of proposed legislation on GE's business, the use of corporate
resources and the interaction of such efforts with other lobbying and public
policy communications by the company. Shareowners are not positioned to make
such judgments. Rather, determining appropriate legislative and policy reforms
to advocate on behalf of GE and assessing the impact of such reforms are matters
more appropriately addressed by management. Thus, just as with last year's
proposal (cited above) that sought to involve GE in the public policy debate on
tax reform, this Proposal likewise implicates GE's ordinary business operations
by seeking to involve GE in a number of currently pending legislative
initiatives.
This Proposal is clearly distinguishable from other proposals that ask companies
to list and report generally on their political activities but that do not focus
on particular legislative or regulatory topics. For example, in American
Telephone and Telegraph Co. (avail. Jan. 11, 1984), the proposal requested that
the company disclose each political contribution made by the company. In its
letter stating that it did not concur that the proposal was excludable, the
Staff viewed the proposal as relating to "general political activities" and not
"activities that relate directly to the Company's ordinary business." See also
Exxon Mobil Corp. (avail. Mar. 5, 2004) (Staff did not concur with exclusion as
ordinary business of a proposal that asked the company to prepare a report on
the company's policies and business rationale for political contributions, the
identity of the person making the decisions about political contributions, and
an accounting of the company's political contributions).
In contrast to the proposals in American Telephone and Telegraph Co. and Exxon
Mobil Corp., here the Proposal focuses on specific legislative initiatives
applicable to GE's products and business operations. Thus, the Proposal is more
closely analogous to the proposals on charitable contributions that were the
subject of the Bank of America and American Home Products no-action letters
discussed above. Just as with those proposals, the Proposal herewhile framed as
a general request on the extent of GE's activitiesclearly seeks to address GE's
activities with respect to specific legislative and public policy initiatives.
For example, the Proposal requests that GE's report detail plans to: "Promot[e]
key pro-free enterprise principles and public policiesincluding private
property rights, trade liberalization, and deregulationthat expand business
opportunities and increase shareholder value." The Proposal also requests that
the report indicate GE's plans for "[r]educing the impact ... of unmeritorious
litigation (lawsuit/tort reform) ... and taxes on the Company (i.e., tax
reform)."
C. Regardless of Whether the Proposal Touches Upon Significant Social Policy
Issues, the Entire Proposal Is Excludable Due to the Fact That It Distinctly
Addresses Ordinary Business Matters.
Well-established precedent set forth above supports our conclusion that the
Proposal addresses ordinary business matters and therefore is excludable under
Rule 14a-8(i)(7). The Proposal's direct references to GE lobbying to address the
impact of certain matters that are the subject of specific legislative efforts
and lobbying to promote other policy initiatives are directed at involving GE in
a specific legislative agenda and reporting on its efforts to address the impact
of issues that are subject to proposed legislation. The Proposal's references to
GE becoming involved in public policy debates and public opinion campaigns
likewise clearly seek to involve GE in the political process. But, even if the
Staff were to read portions of the Proposal as addressing general political
activities, the references in this Proposal to specific legislative initiatives
makes the entire Proposal excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7).
The Staff has consistently concurred that a proposal may be excluded in its
entirety when it implicates in part ordinary business matters. For example, in
General Electric Co. (avail. Feb. 10, 2000), the Staff concurred that GE could
exclude a proposal requesting that it (i) discontinue an accounting technique,
(ii) not use funds from the GE Pension Trust to determine executive
compensation, and (iii) use funds from the trust as intended. The Staff
concurred that the entire proposal was excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because
a portion of the proposal related to ordinary business mattersi.e., the choice
of accounting methods. Similarly, in Medallion Financial Corp. (avail. May 11,
2004), in reviewing a proposal requesting that the company engage an investment
bank to evaluate alternatives to enhance shareowner value, the Staff stated,
"[w]e note that the proposal appears to relate to both extraordinary
transactions and non-extraordinary transactions. Accordingly, we will not
recommend enforcement action to the Commission if Medallion omits the proposal
from its proxy materials in reliance on 14a-8(i)(7)." See also E*Trade Group,
Inc. (avail. Oct. 31, 2000) (permitting exclusion of a proposal where two out of
four items involved ordinary business matters); Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (avail.
Mar. 15, 1999) (proposal requesting a report to ensure that the company did not
purchase goods from suppliers using, among other things, forced labor, convict
labor and child labor was excludable in its entirety because the proposal also
requested that the report address ordinary business matters).
As discussed above, the elements of the Proposal requesting a report on the
impact of certain legislative reforms currently pending in Congress and GE's
political activities with respect to specific public policy matters make the
Proposal no different than the proposals that the Staff concurred involved
ordinary business matters. Thus, regardless of whether other elements of the
Proposal may be deemed to implicate general policy issues, these elements render
the Proposal excludable. Accordingly, based on the precedent described above and
the Proposal's emphasis on ordinary business matters regarding involvement in
political activities relating to GE's business and a review and assessment of
pending legislation, the Proposal may be excluded in its entirety under Rule
14a-8(i)(7).
CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing analysis, we respectfully request that the Staff concur
that it will take no action if GE excludes the Proposal from its 2007 Proxy
Materials. We would be happy to provide you with any additional information and
answer any questions that you may have regarding this subject. In addition, GE
agrees to promptly forward to the Proponent any response from the Staff to this
no-action request that the Staff transmits by facsimile to GE only.
If we can be of any further assistance in this matter, please do not hesitate to
call me at (202) 955-8671 or David M. Stuart, GE's Senior Counsel, at (203)
373-2243.
Sincerely,
/s/
Ronald O. Mueller
ROM/kmh
Enclosures
cc: David M. Stuart, General Electric Company Thomas J. Borelli, Ph.D.
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 Tax reform and alternatives to the current system of federal taxation are the
subject of numerous bills currently pending in Congress. See, e.g., Simplified
USA Tax Act of 2006, H.R. 4707, 109th Cong. (2006) ("To amend the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 to restructure and replace the income tax system of the
United States to meet national priorities, and for other purposes"); Freedom
Flat Tax Act, H.R. 1040, 109th Cong. (2005) ("To amend the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986 to provide taxpayers a flat tax alternative to the current income tax
system"); Fair Tax Act of 2005, S. 25, 109th Cong. (2005) ("A bill to promote
freedom, fairness, and economic opportunity by repealing the income tax and
other taxes, abolishing the Internal Revenue Service, and enacting a national
sales tax to be administered primarily by the States"). Similarly, at least one
bill currently pending in Congress is directly related to tort reform. See
Lawsuit Abuse Reduction Act of 2005, H.R. 420, 109th Cong. (2005) ("To amend
Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to improve attorney
accountability, and for other purposes"). Congressional hearings in both 2005
and 2006 relating to reforming certain provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002 suggest that legislation may soon be introduced in this area as well. See
Sarbanes Oxley Section 404: What is the Proper Balance Between Investor
Protection and Capital Formation for Smaller Public Companies?: Hearing Before
the House Comm. on Small Business, 109th Cong. (2006); The Impact of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Hearing Before the House Comm. on Financial Services, 109th
Cong. (2005).
2 The Proponent is affiliated with the Free Enterprise Action Fund, which has
submitted a separate proposal to GE seeking to limit its legislative and
regulatory activities with respect to environmental issues. See
http://freeenterpriseactionfund.com/releasel12006.htm (quoting the Proponent).
Regardless of whether a proposal seeks to involve a company in legislative and
regulatory matters, or seeks to limit a company's involvement in such matters,
the Staff has concurred that a proposal is excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) if
it concerns political activity relevant to an aspect of the company's business.
For example, in General Motors Corp. (avail. Mar. 17, 1993), the Staff concurred
that a proposal directing the company to cease all lobbying and other efforts
directed at opposing legislation that would increase corporate average fuel
economy standards was excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) as relating to the
company's ordinary business operations. See also Pacific Enterprises (avail.
Feb. 12, 1996) (concurring that a proposal submitted to a California utility
asking that it dedicate the resources of its regulatory, legislative and legal
departments to ending California utility deregulation was excludable because it
was "directed at involving the company in the political or legislative process
that relates to aspects of the Company's operations").
[INQUIRY LETTER]
November 3, 2006
Mr. Brackett B. Denniston, III
Senior Vice President, General Counsel
General Electric Company.
3135 Easton Turnpike
Fairfield, CT 06828-0001
Dear Mr. Denniston:
I hereby submit the enclosed shareholder proposal ("Proposal") for inclusion in
the General Electric Company (the "Company") proxy statement to be circulated to
Company shareholders in conjunction with the next annual meeting of
shareholders. The Proposal is submitted under Rule 14(a)-8 (Proposals of
Security Holders) of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's proxy
regulations.
I am the bencficial owner of approximately 293 shares of the Company's common
stock, which have been held continuously for more than a year prior to this date
of submission. I intend to hold the shares through the date of the Company's
next annual meeting of shareholders. The attached letter contains the record
holder's appropriate verification of my beneficial ownership of the
afore-mentioned Company stock.
I will present the Proposal for consideration at the annual meeting of
shareholders.
If you have any questions or wish to discuss the Proposal, please contact me at
914-793-6827. Copies of correspondence or a request for a "no-action" letter
should be forwarded to Dr. Thomas J. Borelli, 173 Oakland Avenue, Eastchester,
NY 10709.
Sincerely,
/s/
Thomas J. Borelli, PhD
Owner of GE Common Stock
Attachments: Shareholder Proposal: Business Social Responsibility Report Letter
from Merrill Lynch
[APPENDIX]
Business Social Responsibility Report
Resolved: The shareholders request that the Board of Directors prepare by
October 2007, at reasonable expense and omitting proprietary information, a
Business Social Responsibility Report. The report may include a description of
Company activity and plans with respect to:
1. Reducing the impact on the Company of: unmeritorious litigation (lawsuit/tort
reform); unnecessarily burdensome laws and regulations (e.g., Sarbanes-Oxley
reform); and taxes on the Company (i.e., tax reform).
2. Promoting key pro-free enterprise principles and public policies - including
private property rights, trade liberalization, and deregulation - that expand
business opportunities and increase shareholder value.
3. Promoting the social benefits of business and the virtues of capitalism
through support of pro-free enterprise nonprofit groups, public relations and
participation in effective business trade organizations.
Supporting Statement:
Shareholders expect management to take appropriate actions to advance
shareholder interests, including participating in public policy debates and
lobbying activities
Shareholders have the right to know to what extent management is meeting this
expectation.
Frivolous litigation, excessive jury verdicts, excessive legal fees and class
action lawsuit abuse; unnecessarily burdensome federal and state laws and
regulations; high corporate taxes; and other anti-business circumstances and
conditions may create a business environment that is not conducive to
management's main responsibility - increasing shareholder value.
Frivolous lawsuits are a persistent drag on economic growth and prosperity,
costing an estimated $200 billion per year according to the Manhattan Institute.
Beyond this significant drag on the economy, lawsuits can devastate companies
and entire industries.
Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) is unduly burdonsome. The
net private cost of SOX has been estimated to be as much as $1.4 trillion,
according to a February 2005 study from the University of Rochester, while SOX's
benefits are, at best, intangible and difficuit to quantify.
The current federal corporate income tax is complex, costly, and burdensome for
businesses. Federal tax laws and regulations exceed 50,000 pages. Annual tax
compliance costs may reach $200 billion per year. The U.S. has the
second-highest corporate tax rate among 69 countries, according to the Cato
Institute.
The 2003 dividend-tax cut reduced the cost of owning stock and encouraged firms
to pay out dividend checks to shareholders, and enabled Fortune 500 companies to
pay $60 billion more in dividends checks than before, according to the Cato
Institute.
Businesses provide myriad sociat benefits including: valuable goods and
services, jobs and related benefits, individual and societal wealth creation,
technological innovation, and tax revenues.
Failing to promote the social value of business and its philosophical basis
(i.e., capitalism and free enterprise), and failing to defend business from
unmeritorious and harmful attacks by opportunistic politicians and anti-business
social activists, businesses risk losing the battle for public opinion. The loss
of public esteem may subject business to greater government regulation,
increased lawsuit pressure and higher taxes - all of which contribute to a more
hostile business environment that may harm shareholder value.
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 27, 2006
BY OVERNIGHT DELIVERY
Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: General Electric Company; Shareowner Proposal of Thomas J. Borelli;
Securities Exchange Act of 1934Rule 14a-8
Dear Ladies and Gentleman,
This letter is on behalf of Thomas J. Borelli in response to the December 8,
2006 request by the General Electric Company. ("GE" or the "Company") for a
letter from the staff of the Division of Corporate Finance (the "Staff")
concurring with GE's view that the above-referenced Shareowner Proposal (the
"Proposal") is excludable pursuant to Rule 14a-8.
We believe the Proposal is not excludable for any of the reasons claimed by GE.
THE PROPOSAL
The Proposal states in its entirety:
Business Social Responsibility Report
Resolved: The shareholders request that the Board of Directors prepare by
November 2007, at reasonable expense and omitting proprietary information, a
Business Social Responsibility Report. The report may include a description of
Company activity and plans with respect to:
1. Reducing the impact on the Company of: unmeritorious litigation (lawsuit/tort
reform); unnecessarily burdensome laws and regulations (e.g., Sarbanes-Oxley
reform); and taxes on the Company (i.e., tax reform).
2. Promoting key pro-free enterprise principles and public policiesincluding
private property rights, trade liberalization, and deregulationthat expand
business opportunities and increase shareholder value.
3. Promoting the social benefits of business and the virtues of capitalism
through support of pro-free enterprise nonprofit groups, public relations and
participation in effective business trade organizations.
Supporting Statement:
Shareholders expect management to take appropriate actions to advance
shareholder interests, including participating in public policy debates and
lobbying activities
Shareholders have the right to know to what extent management is meeting this
expectation.
Frivolous litigation, excessive jury verdicts, excessive legal fees and class
action lawsuit abuse; unnecessarily burdensome federal and state laws and
regulations; high corporate taxes; and other anti-business circumstances and
conditions may create a business environment that is not conducive to
management's main responsibilityincreasing shareholder value.
Frivolous lawsuits are a persistent drag on economic growth and prosperity,
costing an estimated $200 billion per year according to the Manhattan Institute.
Beyond this significant drag on the economy, lawsuits can devastate companies
and entire industries.
Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) is unduly burdensome. The
net private cost of SOX has been estimated to be as much as $1.4 trillion,
according to a February 2005 study from the University of Rochester, while SOX's
benefits are, at best, intangible and difficult to quantify.
The current federal corporate income tax is complex, costly, and burdensome for
businesses. Federal tax laws and regulations exceed 50,000 pages. Annual tax
compliance costs may reach $200 billion per year. The U.S. has the
second-highest corporate tax rate among 69 countries, according to the Cato
Institute.
The 2003 dividend-tax cut reduced the cost of owning stock and encouraged firms
to pay out dividend checks to shareholders, and enabled Fortune 500 companies to
pay $60 billion more in dividends checks than before, according to the Cato
Institute.
Businesses provide myriad social benefits including: valuable goods and
services, jobs and related benefits, individual and societal wealth creation,
technological innovation, and tax revenues.
Failing to promote the social value of business and its philosophical basis
(i.e., capitalism and free enterprise), and failing to defend business from
unmeritorious and harmful attacks by opportunistic politicians and anti-business
social activists, businesses risk losing the battle for public opinion. The loss
of public esteem may subject business to greater government regulation,
increased lawsuit pressure and higher taxes - all of which contribute to a more
hostile business environment that may harm shareholder value.
RESPONSE TO GE's CLAIMS
I. Summary of the Proposal
The Proposal requests that GE prepare a report for shareholders describing what,
if any, activities the Company is undertaking to improve the general environment
for the conduct of business ("business environment"). The Company already issues
an annual report1 (the "Citizenship Report") to shareholders about what
activities GE engages in to improve the social and natural environment. The
Citizenship Report addresses issues such as human rights; environment health and
safety; and public policy.
The Proposal takes the view that the business environment is as significant a
social policy issue as the environment, human rights and the other social issues
addressed by GE in its Citizenship Report.
The Proposal requests information about what GE is doing to improve the business
environment. Potential topics of interest to shareholders mentioned in the
Proposal include reducing the impacts of unmeritorious litigation; reducing
unnecessarily burdensome laws and regulations; reducing taxes; promoting
pro-free enterprise principles and policies; and promoting the social benefits
of business and the virtues of capitalism.
Significantly, none of these issues must be included in the report. The Proposal
clearly states that GE "may" include them in the report.
The Proposal does not request that GE taken any action other than to report to
shareholders. The broad discretion the Proposal provides to GE in producing the
report - particularly with respect to what subject areas and information GE
chooses to include - precludes GE from arguing that the Proposal aims at
involving GE in specific political and legislative activities. The Proposal
merely asks, generally, for a report on what GE is doing to improve the business
environment.
II. The Proposal is not excludable as pertaining to "ordinary business
operations."
GE erroneously claims that the report is focused on involving GE in public
policy debates and lobbying on specific matters. First, the Proposal only asks
for a report in the nature of disclosure. Second, the Proposal provides GE with
broad discretion in choosing what topics to include in the report. The broad
discretion given to GE means that the Proposal is not intended to involve GE in
any specific public policy debates or legislative activities. Moreover, the
Proposal cannot possibly seek to involve GE in lobbying since shareholders have
no idea what GE may or may not be doing with regard to such activities. GE may
already be involved in lobbying activities, in which case GE's argument fails
since the Company would already be involved in lobbying.
Contrary to GE's assertion, the Proposal's supporting statement (the "Supporting
Statement") does not convert the Proposal into a vote on an ordinary business
matter. The Supporting Statement, as its name implies, merely argues for the
need for the report requested by the Proposal. A vote on the Proposal cannot
possibly constitute a vote on ordinary business since shareholders would have no
idea about what GE is doing with respect to the business environment issues
addressed by the Proposal. A vote for the Proposal is merely a vote for
disclosure. GE fails to explain specifically how the Proposal would be a vote
concerning ordinary business operations. Accordingly, General Electric Company
(Jan. 10, 2005) and Corrections Corporation of America (Mar. 15, 2000) are
irrelevant top the matter at hand. GE's effort to link the Proposal with prior
Staff determinations concerning charitable contributions also fails since the
Staff determinations cited - including Bank of America (Jan. 24, 2003), American
Home Products (Mar. 4, 2002), and Schering Plough (Mar. 4, 2002) - appear to
have been superceded by the Staff determination in PepsiCo Inc. (Mar. 3, 2006).
In PepsiCo Inc., the proposal was not excludable even though its "resolved"
clause addressed charitable contributions generally but its supporting statement
mentioned specific charitable donations.
III. The Proposal does not attempt to involve GE in public policy discussions
regarding specific legislative and regulatory initiatives that address GE's
business.
The Proposal only asks for a report that is in the nature of disclosure. The
report cannot legally compel or otherwise induce GE to take any specific action.
GE's references to prior staff determinations do not appear relevant to the
Proposal:
International Business Machines (Jan. 21, 2002) is distinguishable because in
that case the proposal called for the company to take direct actioni.e., to
"[j]oin other corporations in support of a properly financed national health
insurance system." In contrast, the instant Proposal only requests a report.
Microsoft Corp. (Sep. 29, 2006) remains under appeal with the Staff and
Commission by its proponent. In any event, that proposal requested that the
company explain why it was involved in specific lobbying activities. In
contrast, the Proposal requests a report on general activities GE is undertaking
to improve the general business environment, not one addressing specific
legislative activities.
General Electric Co. (Jan. 17, 2006), Verizon Communications (Jan. 31, 2006)
and Citigroup Inc. (Jan. 26, 2006) are distinguishable because those proposals
requested the companies to speculate specifically on the impacts of a
hypothetical flat tax on the companies, a specific legislative area. In
contrast, the Proposal requests a report on general activities GE is undertaking
to improve the general business environment, not one addressing specific
legislative activities.
Niagara Mohawk Holdings Inc. (Mar. 5, 2001) and Electronic Data Systems (Mar.
24, 2000) are distinguishable because those proposals would have involved the
company in specific ongoing political and legislative processes. In contrast,
the Proposal requests a report on general activities GE is undertaking to
improve the general business environment, not one addressing specific
legislative activities.
Contrary to GE's assertion, the Proposal does not focus on specific legislative
initiatives applicable to GE's products and business operations. Although the
Proposal does states several areas of interest to shareholderse.g., tort
reform, tax reform, and regulatory reformthese areas are optional for inclusion
in the report. The Proposal only states, for example, that GE may report on what
the Company is doing with respect to unmeritorious litigation. But inclusion in
the report of that specific topic is not required - nor is any other topic
mentioned in the Proposal required to be included in the report. Because the
Proposal is open ended and provides GE with broad discretion, the Proposal
cannot be described as intended to involve GE in specific legislative
activities. GE may, in fact, decide to exclude any particular activity or areas
from its report.
IV. The Proposal addresses significant social policy issues that are not
excludable as ordinary business operations.
The Proposal asks GE to report on what the Company is doing to improve the
business environment - a significant social policy issue akin to the numerous
environment, human rights and labor issues that the Staff has previously
determined to be not excludable under the ordinary business operations exception
of Rule 14a-8(i)(7) and that GE already addresses in its annual Citizenship
Report. The Proposal does not require GE to focus on any specific Company
efforts. It provides GE with great latitude in producing the report.
The follow references by GE are irrelevant to the Proposal:
General Electric Company (Feb. 10, 2000) is not relevant because that proposal
would have directed the company to follow specific accounting methods.
Medallion Financial Bank (May 11, 2004) is not relevant because that proposal
directed the company on how to enhance shareholder value;
E*Trade Group, Inc. (Oct.31, 2000) is not relevant because that proposal
apparently mixed some ordinary business matters in with social policy issues. In
contrast, the Proposal addresses a single significant social policy issue (i.e.,
reporting on what the company is doing to improve the business environment) that
transcends ordinary business operations.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Mar. 15, 1999) is not relevant because that proposal
was clearly aimed at directing the company to take specific actions (e.g., not
purchasing goods made with child labor).
The Proposal provides GE with broad discretion in addressing a significant
social policy issue. Nothing in the Proposal is mandatory. GE can include or
omit whatever of its activities it desires. Moreover, even if the Proposal
receives a majority of the shareholder vote, it is not binding on management.
GE's claim that the Proposal attempts to involve the Company in specific
legislative activities is unsupported by the facts and relevant precedent.
CONCLUSION
Based upon the forgoing analysis, we respectfully request that the Staff reject
GE's request for a "no-action" letter concerning the Proposal. If the Staff does
not concur with our position, we would appreciate the opportunity to confer with
the Staff concerning these matters prior to the issuance of its response. Also,
we request to be party to any and all communications between the Staff and GE
and its representatives concerning the Proposal.
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j), enclosed herewith are six copies of this letter. A
copy of this correspondence has been timely provided to GE and its counsel. In
the interest of a fair and balanced process, we request that the Staff notify
the undersigned if it receives any correspondence on the Proposal from GE or
other persons, unless that correspondence has specifically confirmed to the
Staff that the Proponent or the undersigned have timely been provided with a
copy of the correspondence. If we can provide additional correspondence to
address any questions that the Staff may have with respect to this
correspondence or GE's noaction request, please do not hesitate to call me at
301-258-2852.
Sincerely,
/s/
Steven J. Milloy
Managing Partner & General Counsel
Cc: Ronald O. Mueller, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP David M. Stuart, GE
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 See e.g., General Electric Company, "Solving BIG Needs",
http://www.ge.com/files/usa/citizenship/pdf/GE_2006_citizen_06rep.pdf.
[INQUIRY LETTER]
January 24, 2007
Direct Dial
(202) 955-8671
Client No.
32016-00092
Fax No.
(202) 530-9569
VIA HAND DELIVERY
Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Shareowner Proposals of Thomas J. Borelli, Ph.D. and the Free Enterprise
Action Fund Exchange Act of 1934Rule 14a-8
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter supplements the no-action requests filed on December 8, 2006 (the
"Exclusion Notice(s)"), on behalf of our client, General Electric Company
("GE"), in which we notified the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance
(the "Staff") that GE intends to omit from its proxy statement and form of proxy
for its 2007 Annual Shareowners Meeting (collectively, the "2007 Proxy
Materials") a shareowner proposal and statements in support thereof received
from the Free Enterprise Action Fund (the "FEAF") regarding global warming (the
"Global Warming Proposal") and a proposal submitted under the name of Thomas J.
Borelli, Ph.D. regarding a "business social responsibility" report (the
"Business Responsibility Proposal," and collectively, the "Proposals").
We address below certain points raised by Steven J. Milloy, Esq. in a letter
relating to the Global Warming Proposal dated December 19, 2006, and in a letter
relating to the Business Responsibility Proposal dated December 27, 2006 (the
"Proponent Letters," attached hereto as Exhibits A and B, respectively). In
addition, as discussed below, subsequent to filing the Exclusion Notices, we
learned certain facts that we believe establish that the Global Warming Proposal
and the Business Responsibility Proposal are both sponsored by the FEAF. Thus,
pursuant to this letter, we hereby inform the Staff of our belief that, in
addition to the bases set forth in the Exclusion Notices, GE may exclude the
Proposals pursuant to Rule 14a-8(f), because the FEAF has submitted more than
one proposal to GE for consideration at the 2007 Annual Shareowners Meeting in
contravention of Rule 14a-8(c).
I. Certain Statements in the Proponent Letters Are Not Accurate.
We believe that certain statements in the Proponent Letters mischaracterize the
Proposals and mischaracterize Staff precedent.
In the letter addressing the Global Warming Proposal, Mr. Milloy states, "The
instant Proposal differs from that in General Electric Company [the "2006 Global
Warming Proposal," a proposal considered by the Staff last year and cited in
Note 1 of our Exclusion Notice relating to the Global Warming Proposal] only in
that the Proposal's Supporting Statement has been updated with new and relevant
arguments addressing the economic aspects of GE's global warming policy." In
fact, as evident by a review of the 2006 Global Warming Proposal, a copy of
which is attached hereto as Exhibit C, the supporting statements for the Global
Warming Proposal are completely different than those of the 2006 Global Warming
Proposal and relate almost exclusively to assertions about GE lobbying
activities. For the reasons addressed in our Exclusion Notice, these new
statements clearly direct the focus of the Global Warming Proposal to a matter
relating to GE's ordinary business operations, and therefore we believe the
Global Warming Proposal is excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7).1
Mr. Milloy's letters with respect to both Proposals also assert that the Staff's
decision in PepsiCo Inc. (avail. Mar. 3, 2006) overrule other precedent cited in
our no-action requests. In fact, PepsiCo is consistent with the Wyeth (avail.
Jan. 23, 2004) letter we cite, in which a single reference to a particular topic
in a supporting statement does not shift the thrust of a proposal otherwise
addressing broad social policy issues. In contrast to the supporting statements
in PepsiCo and Wyeth, the supporting statements in the Proposals repeatedly
address GE's ordinary business matters.2 Thus, like the precedent set forth in
our Exclusion Notices, the focus of the Proposals makes it clear that they are
primarily concerned with GE's lobbying and participation in public policy
debates with respect to specific initiatives. Because these matters implicate
GE's ordinary business operations, the Proposals are excludable under Rule
14a-8(i)(7).
II. The Proposals Are Submitted by the Same Proponent.
Rule 14a-8(c) states, "Each shareholder may submit no more than one proposal to
a company for a particular shareholders' meeting." When it adopted the
one-proposal limitation in 1983, the Commission noted that the purpose of the
limitation is "to reduce issuer costs and to improve the readability of proxy
statements." Exchange Act Release No. 20091 (August 16, 1983). Moreover, the
Commission specifically has stated that attempts to evade Rule 14a-8's
limitation on the number of shareowner proposals that may be submitted can
result in exclusion of proposals. In Exchange Act Release No. 12999 (November
22, 1976) (the "1976 Release"), when the Commission first adopted a limit on the
number of proposals that a shareowner could submit, the Commission stated:
In connection with [adopting a limit, which at the time was two shareowner
proposals per proponent], the Commission is aware of the possibility that some
proponents may attempt to evade the new limitations through various maneuvers,
such as having other persons whose securities they control submit two proposals
each in their own names. The Commission wishes to make it clear that such
tactics may result in measures such as the granting of requests by the affected
managements for a "no-action" letter concerning the omission from their proxy
materials of the proposals at issue. (footnotes omitted).
Subsequent to submitting the Exclusion Notices, we became aware of information
indicating that FEAF and Mr. Borelli are using securities that are under common
control to submit more than one proposal on FEAF's behalf. Specifically, FEAF is
claiming to be the proponent of both of the Proposals. In a FEAF press release
titled "Free Enterprise Action Fund (Ticker: FEAOX) Announces 2006
Accomplishments and 2007 Goals" (dated Nov. 20, 2006) (available at
http://freeenterpriseactionfund.com/release112006.htm), a copy of which is
attached hereto as Exhibit D, FEAF states:
General Electric. FEAOX is supporting a proposal requesting the company prepare
a "Business Social Responsibility" report describing the company's effort to
reduce the adverse impact of unmeritorious litigation (lawsuit/tort reform),
regulations (e.g., Sarbanes-Oxley reform) and taxes (i.e., tax reform) on the
company as well as its efforts to promote free-enterprise principles and public
policies. The regulatory burdens of taxes and regulations harms [sic]
shareholders and increased public understanding of the philosophical basis of
capitalism will help defend the company from attacks from opportunistic
politicians.
Likewise, in the same press release, FEAF twice claims that it was the proponent
of the 2006 Global Warming Proposal that was submitted to GE last year, even
though that proposal was submitted under the name of Mr. Borelli. Specifically,
FEAF states:
FEAOX's proposal requesting that these companies justify their support for
global warming laws and regulations garnered enough votes to allow us to pursue
the issue at 2007 shareholder meetings. GE asked the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission to allow the company to block [sic] FEAOX's proposal from
appearing in its proxy statement, but FEAOX persuaded the SEC to deny GE's
request.
Later in the same release FEAF states, "FEAOX has also re-filed its Global
Warming Report proposal." (emphasis added).
Additional facts further support that Mr. Borelli is a nominal proponent for the
FEAF and that securities under common control are being used to submit the
Proposals on FEAF's behalf. For example, both the Proponent Letter relating to
the Global Warming Proposal and the Proponent Letter addressing the Business
Responsibility Proposal are signed by Mr. Milloy in his capacity as "Managing
Partner & General Counsel." In addition, FEAF's fund prospectus states that
Action Fund Management, LLC, which serves as FEAF's investment advisor "is owned
and controlled by Steven J. Milloy and Thomas J. Borelli."
http://freeenterpriseactionfund.com/pdfs/free_enterprise_prospectus.pdf.
A review of other shareowner proposals submitted by FEAF also demonstrates that
itand not Mr. Borelliappears to be the proponent of the Business
Responsibility Proposal. For example, FEAF submitted a proposal that is
substantially identical to the Business Responsibility Proposal to at least two
other companies. See Pfizer Inc. (no-action request dated Dec. 19, 2006); Bank
of America Corp. (no-action request dated Dec. 27, 2006).
Based on FEAF's own statements with respect to the proposals that Mr. Borelli
submitted to GE this year and last year and the extensive relationship between
Mr. Borelli and FEAF, we believe that Mr. Borelli was a nominal proponent for
the FEAF in submitting the Business Responsibility Proposal in an attempt to
allow FEAF to submit more proposals than would otherwise be permissible under
Rule 14a-8(c).
For these reasons, we believe that the Commission's statement in the 1976
Release regarding individuals who "attempt to evade the new limitations through
various maneuvers, such as having other persons whose securities they control
submit [proposals] in their own names" is applicable to the Proposals. Moreover,
although the facts in GE's situation vary to some extent, the Staff's decision
in TRW Inc. (avail. Jan. 24, 2001) is instructive. In TRW, the Staff concurred
that TRW could exclude a shareowner proposal because the shareowner was a
"nominal proponent" for someone not eligible to submit the proposal. To the same
effect, Mr. Borelli is the nominal proponent for the FEAF, who is not eligible
to submit the Business Responsibility Proposal because the FEAF previously
submitted the Global Warming Proposal. In fact, four of the five factors cited
by TRW in its letter to the Staff also exist with respect to the Business
Responsibility Proposal: FEAF's submission of the Business Responsibility
Proposal to other companies demonstrates it is really FEAF's proposal, FEAF is
taking credit for shareowner proposals submitted by Mr. Borelli, FEAF (through
its Managing Partner & General Counsel) appears to be doing substantially all
the work in supporting the Business Responsibility Proposal and FEAF would not
itself be able to submit the Business Responsibility Proposal to GE due to the
one-proposal limitation in Rule 14a-8(c).
Based on the foregoing, we request that (in addition to the bases for exclusion
cited in our Exclusion Notices) the Staff concur that GE may exclude the
Proposals from the 2007 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(f) because the
FEAF exceeded the one-proposal limitation in Rule 14a-8(c). See, e.g., General
Motors Corp. (avail. Mar. 31, 2003) (permitting exclusion of two proposals
submitted by the same shareowner proponent "because the proponent exceeded the
one-proposal limitation in rule 14a-8(c)"). See also AT&T Corp. (avail. Feb. 19,
2004) (concurring that the company may "exclude the proposals under rule
14a-8(f) because the proponent exceeded the one proposal limitation in rule
14a-8(c)"); Ford Motor Co. (avail. Apr. 4, 2003) (same); Citigroup Inc. (avail.
Feb. 26, 2002) (same). We note that GE need not have notified Mr. Borelli or the
FEAF that the Proposals violated Rule 14a-8(c) because the facts set forth above
came to GE's attention well after the fourteen day period for notifying them of
any procedural deficiency and because the defect cannot be remedied.3
If we can be of any further assistance in this matter, please do not hesitate to
call me at (202) 955-8671 or David M. Stuart, GE's Senior Counsel, at (203)
373-2243.
Sincerely,
/s/
Ronald O. Mueller
ROM/eai
Enclosures
cc: David M. Stuart, General Electric Company
Thomas J. Borelli, Ph.D.
Steven J. Milloy, Action Fund Management, LLC/Free Enterprise Action Fund
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 To the extent the Global Warming Proposal could be read to address the "cost
and benefits of GE's global warming policy," as asserted on page 4 of Mr.
Milloy's letter relating to the Global Warming Proposal, that likewise
implicates GE's ordinary business operations, allowing the Global Warming
Proposal to be excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). See The Dow Chemical Co. (Church
of the Brethren Benefit Trust) (avail. Feb. 23, 2005), in which the Staff
concurred that the company could exclude a shareowner proposal requesting a
report describing the reputational and financial impact of an environmental
policy on Rule 14a-8(i)(7) grounds because it related to the company's "ordinary
business operations (i.e., evaluation of risks and liabilities)."
2 In Exchange Act Release No. 40018 (May 21, 1998) (the "1998 Release"), the
Commission explained that the term "ordinary business" refers to matters that
are not necessarily "ordinary" in the common meaning of the word, but that the
term "is rooted in the corporate law concept providing management with
flexibility in directing certain core matters involving the company's business
and operations." The 1998 Release stated that two central considerations
underlie Rule 14a-8(i)(7). First, that "[c]ertain tasks are so fundamental to
management's ability to run a company on a day-to-day basis" that they are not
proper subjects for shareholder proposals. The Commission stated that the other
policy underlying Rule 14a-8(i)(7) is "the degree to which the proposal seeks to
`micro-manage' the company by probing too deeply into matters of a complex
nature upon which shareholders, as a group, would not be in a position to make
an informed judgment."
3 In this regard, the Staff has stated, "The company does not need to provide
the shareholder with a notice of defect(s) if the defect(s) cannot be remedied."
Section D.6.c. of Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14 (July 13, 2001). See also The Dow
Chemical Co. (avail. Mar. 2, 2006).
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 19, 2006
BY OVERNIGHT DELIVERY
Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: General Electric Company; Shareowner Proposal of the Free Enterprise Action
Fund; Securities Exchange Act of 1934Rule 14a-8
Dear Ladies and Gentleman,
This letter is on behalf of the Free Enterprise Action Fund ("FEAOX") in
response to the December 8, 2006 request by General Electric Company ("GE" or
the "Company") for a letter from the staff of the Division of Corporate Finance
(the "Staff") concurring with GE's view that the above-referenced Shareowner
Proposal (the "Proposal") is excludable from GE's 2007 proxy materials pursuant
to Rule 14a-8.
Action Fund Management, LLC is the investment adviser for FEAOX and is
authorized to act on behalf of FEAOX. FEAOX believes the Proposal is not
excludable for any of the reasons claimed by GE.
THE PROPOSAL
The Proposal states in its entirety:
Global Warming Report
Resolved: The shareholders request that the Board of Directors prepare by
October 2007, at reasonable expense and omitting proprietary information, a
global warming report. The report may discuss the:
1. Specific scientific data and studies relied on to formulate GE's climate
policy.
2. Extent to which GE believes human activity will significantly alter global
climate, whether such change is necessarily undesirable and whether a
cost-effective strategy for mitigating any undesirable change is practical.
3. Estimates of costs and benefits to GE of its climate policy.
Supporting Statement:
In May 2005, GE announced its "Ecomagination" marketing initiativea "strategy
to respond to the needs of GE customers for technological solutions to
environmental regulatory requirements." We support GE's effort to sell
cost-effective, fuel-efficient technology that benefits customers and the
economy, and meets regulatory requirements. That is good business.
But we believe GE has gone beyond the bounds of simply helping customers to meet
existing regulatory requirements. GE is working to impose new, more stringent
government regulations that will raise energy costs and reduce energy
availability without providing significant, or even measurable, environmental
benefits. In particular, GE is lobbying lawmakers, and even supporting
politicized activists in hopes of enacting greenhouse gas laws similar to the
Kyoto Protocol.
We are concerned that GE's lobbying for stringent global warming regulation will
adversely impact: (1) GE's customers and shareowners; (2) the customers and
shareowners of other businesses; (3) consumers, particularly GE retirees and
others on fixed incomes; and (4) the economy.
GE's business prospects ought not depend on government-mandated interest in
certain of its products. Rather, GE's success depends on free markets and a
healthy, growing global economy. Stifled economic growth or a downturnwhich
could be brought on or exacerbated by global warming regulationwill likely
adversely impact GE, as the company acknowledged in its 2005 annual report.
So-called "regulatory certainty" the notion that business planning is
facilitated by a certain regulatory environmentis an invalid argument for
seeking costly global warming regulation since the only certainty is that the
regulations will likely only become more stringent and expensive. GE will not be
able to dictate events once the regulatory regime it advocates is enacted.
We are simply asking GE to disclose to shareholders whether its lobbying for
global warming restrictions is based on a due diligence-type review and analysis
of pertinent facts or perhaps has its roots in appeasement of anti-business
environmental activists or public relations.
If GE can find willing buyers for Ecomagination products, that's good business.
But GE's lobbying to enact laws and regulations that would potentially raise
energy prices, harm the economy and adversely impact GEwithout conducting the
appropriate due diligenceis bad business.
GE founder Thomas Edison once said, "I find out what the world needs, then I
proceed to invent." Is junk science-based global warming regulation what the
world needs?
RESPONSE TO GE's CLAIMS
I. Summary of the Proposal
The Proposal requests that GE report to shareholders on the scientific and
economic bases for the Company's global warming policy. The Proposal is
substantially the same as that in General Electric Company (Jan. 17, 2006)a
proposal that the Staff has already determined was not excludable from GE's 2006
proxy materials.
The instant Proposal differs from that in General Electric Company only in that
the Proposal's Supporting Statement has been updated with new and relevant
arguments addressing the economic aspects of GE's global warming policy.
The updated Supporting Statement does not change the intent of the Proposal. The
mere fact that the Supporting Statement has been updated does not render the
Proposal excludable. Despite its claim that the updated Supporting Statement
somehow renders the Proposal excludable, GE offers no factual basis whatsoever,
or any applicable legal basis for its request.
The Supporting Statement, in fact, quite plainly states that its purpose is to
request disclosure to shareholders from GE about its global warming policya
subject that the Staff has already ruled is a significant social policy issue
that transcends excludability based on ordinary business operations. Contrary to
GE's assertion, the Proposal is not aimed at involving GE in any political
processand GE offers no factual evidence to support is assertion.
Moreover and as discussed in more detail below, GE erroneously cites Staff
interpretation and out-dated, irrelevant or clearly distinguishable precedent in
asserting its arguments.
II. The Proposal is not excludable as pertaining to "ordinary business
operations."
A. The Supporting Statement does not render the Proposal excludable.
GE materially mis-cites Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14C, part D.2 (June 28. 2005)
as providing a basis for excluding the Proposal.
Part D.2 of the Staff Legal Bulletin states in relevant part,
In determining whether the focus of these proposals is a significant social
policy issue, we consider both the proposal and the supporting statement as a
whole. To the extent that a proposal and supporting statement focus on the
company engaging in an internal assessment of the risks or liabilities that the
company faces as a result of its operations that may adversely affect the
environment or the public's health, we concur with the company's view that there
is a basis for it to exclude the proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(7) as relating to
an evaluation of risk. To the extent that a proposal and supporting statement
focus on the company minimizing or eliminating operations that may adversely
affect the environment or the public's health, we do not concur with the
company's view that there is a basis for it to exclude the proposal under rule
14a-8(i)(7). [Emphasis added]
So while it is true that it is Staff policy to consider the Proposal and
Supporting Statement as a whole, GE omits mention of the key sentence in Part
D.2 and, therefore, entirely miscommunicates the meaning and purpose of Staff
policy.
Part D.2 clearly states that a proposal is excludable when the "proposal and
supporting statement focus on the company engaging in an internal assessment of
the risks and liabilities that the company faces as a result of its operations
that may adversely impact the environment or the public's health..."
The Proposal and Supporting Statement in no way requestexpressly or by
inferencea report that has anything to do with GE's internal assessment of the
risks and liabilities associated with its global warming policy.
GE has not asserted that or described how the Proposal or Supporting Statement
requests an "internal assessment of risks and liabilities." Accordingly, GE's
reliance on Part D.2 is without a factual or legal foundation.
The Staff precedent cited by GE is irrelevant to the Proposal.
GE cites General Electric Company (Jan. 10, 2005) apparently for the proposition
that a proposal and supporting statement cannot address two separate and
distinct matters (the proposal related to the significant social policy issue of
executive compensation while the supporting statement addressed the ordinary
business matter of smoking in movies). This is irrelevant with respect to the
Proposal since the Proposal and Supporting Statement both focus on the same
issuethe significant social policy issue that is GE's global warming policy.
GE cites Correction Corporation of America (Mar. 15, 2006) apparently for the
proposition that a proposal and supporting statement must address the same
matter (the proposal was excludable where the resolution address a specific
compensation policy but the supporting statement focused on general compensation
matters). This is irrelevant with respect to the Proposal since both the
Proposal and Supporting Statement focus on the costs and benefits of GE's global
warming policy.
Other than by mere reference to these prior Staff decisions, GE does not explain
how either precedent is relevant to the Proposal.
GE attempts to assert as somehow meaningful certain prior Staff decisions
concerning charitable giving proposals. Not only although is it unclear how
those Staff decisions are relevant to the Proposal, those decisions appear to
have been overruled by the Staff decision in PepsiCo, Inc. (Mar. 3, 2006).
GE cites Wyeth (Jan. 23, 2004) as an example of where the Staff determined that
a company could not exclude a proposal requesting it to refrain from making
charitable contributions where the supporting statement did not shift the focus
of the proposal to a specific type of charitable organization. In contrast, GE
states, the Staff allowed the company in Bank of American (Jan. 24, 2003) to
exclude a proposal where the supporting statement shifted the focus to a
particular type of charitable organization from the generic sort of "resolved"
clause used in Wyeth. GE also cites American Home Products (Mar. 4, 2002) and
Schering-Plough (Mar. 4, 2002) for the same assertion.
But in PepsiCo Inc. (Mar 3, 2006), the Staff ruled that the company could not
exclude a proposal where the proposal focused on charitable contributions
generally, but the supporting statement specifically mentioned company
charitable contributions to the Rainbow/PUSH organization. PepsiCo Inc.,
therefore, appears to overrule decisions made in Wyeth, American Home Products
and Schering-Plough.
In any event, the Proposal and the Supporting Statement both address GE's global
warming policy in the same manner and GE has not shown that they do not.
The specific language in the Supporting Statement that GE appears to object to
is:
We are concerned that GE's lobbying for stringent global warming regulation
will adversely impact: (1) GE's customers and shareowners; (2) the customers and
shareowners of other businesses; (3) consumers, particularly GE retirees and
others on fixed incomes; and (4) the economy.
So-called "regulatory certainty" the notion that business planning is
facilitated by a certain regulatory environmentis an invalid argument for
seeking costly global warming regulation since the only certainty is that the
regulations will likely only become more stringent and expensive.
But GE's lobbying to enact laws and regulations that would potentially raise
energy prices, harm the economy and adversely impact GEwithout conducting the
appropriate due diligence - is bad business.
GE asserts that these statements indicate that the "thrust and focus" of the
Proposal is on GE's lobbying activities. But these statements are mere argument
that may aid shareholders in determining whether to vote for or against the
Proposal. They do not change the intent of the Proposal. Unless a Supporting
Statement is false and misleadingwhich has not been alleged by GEit should not
be a basis for excluding a shareholder proposal.
The Proposal addresses GE's advocacy of its global warming policy in the same
manner as in General Electric Company (January 17, 2006)that is, the Instant
Proposal and the proposal in General Electric Company (January 17, 2006) request
GE to disclose to shareholders the scientific bases, and costs and benefits of
GE's public policy of advocating for global warming regulation. After all, the
Proposal's Supporting Statement quite clearly states,
We are simply asking GE to disclose to shareholders whether its lobbying for
global warming restrictions is based on a due diligence-type review and analysis
of pertinent facts or perhaps has its roots in appeasement of anti-business
environmental activists or public relations.
The Supporting Statement does not inappropriately indicate any desire to modify
or stop GE's lobbying activities. Rather, it simply requests disclosure about
them. Such a request is permissible under General Electric Company (January 17,
2006) since in that decision, the Staff rejected GE's argument that its
Ecomagination initiative was merely a marketing strategy. The Staff's decision
indicated that GE's advocacy of global warming, including its lobbying
activities concerning global warming, were properly the subject of a shareholder
proposal.
The Proposal and Supporting Statement specifically request a report on:
1. The relevant scientific data and studies supporting GE's global warming
policy;
2. GE's assessment of whether human activity will alter global activity;
3. GE's assessment of whether climate change is necessarily undesirable;
4. GE's assessment of whether a cost-effective strategy [by society generally]
for mitigating an undesirable change is practical; and
5. Estimates of the costs and benefits to GE of such policy.
In essence, the Proposal asks two questions:
1. What does GE know about global warming?; and
2. What are the actual impacts on GE of its global warming policy?
None of these requests ask for any sort of "internal assessment of risks and
liabilities." The Proposal focuses on the facts that are "here and now." It does
not request that GE speculate on potential hypothetical business risks or legal
liabilities. Accordingly, the Proposal does not address GE's ordinary business
operations in an excludable manner.
B. The Proposal does not improperly address GE's political activities.
Contrary to GE's assertion, the Proposal does not seek "to allow shareholders in
intervene in a routine business operation of GE..."
Again, GE offers no evidence or explanation to support this assertion. Without
supporting facts, a bald-faced assertion cannot stand.
The plain fact is that the Proposal requests a report on the significant social
policy issue that is GE's global warming policy. GE does not explain how the
report requested by the Proposal is tantamount to "intervention in a routine
business operation" particularly since the Proposal is the same as in General
Electric Company (January 17, 2006).
GE cites Philip Morris Companies Inc. (Jan. 3, 1999), General Motors Corp. (Mar.
17, 1993) and NiSource Inc. (Mar. 22, 2002) for the proposition that shareholder
proposals may not request that companies alter their legislative lobbying
activities. But the Proposal only requests a report. It does not seek to alter
GE's legislative lobbying. GE offers no evidencebecause there is noneto
support its assertion that the Proposal somehow seeks to change GE's lobbying
activities. These prior Staff decisions are irrelevant to the Proposal.
The Staff decision in Microsoft Corp (Sept. 29, 2006)which incidentally remains
under appeal with the Staffis distinguishable in two main ways from the
Proposal. First, the Staff has already permitted the same Proposal in General
Electric Company (Jan. 17, 2006). Next, as GE points out, the proposal in
Microsoft Corp. called for the company to speculate about future impacts. The
Proposal, in contrast, calls for GE to report on the actual costs and benefits
to GE resulting from its global warming policy. GE does not explain how the
Proposal is akin to the one in Microsoft Corp.
GE's reliance on International Business Operations (Mar. 2, 2000), Niagara
Mohawk Holdings, Inc. (Mar. 5, 2001) and Electronic Data Systems (Mar. 24, 2000)
is misplaced since these proposals sought reports that the Staff concluded
appear directed at involving the companies in the political or legislative
process relating to their operations.
First, the Proposal does not seek to involve GE in any political or legislative
process. The Proposal quite clearly states in the Supporting Statement:
We are simply asking GE to disclose to shareholders whether its lobbying for
global warming restrictions is based on a due diligence-type review and analysis
of pertinent facts or perhaps has its roots in appeasement of anti-business
environmental activists or public relations.
It's a statement of intent that couldn't be plainer. It neither explicitly nor
implicitly requests GE to alter its lobbying activities in any manner
whatsoever.
GE's reliance on American Telephone and Telegraph Co. (Jan 11, 1984) is also
misplaced. The Staff has already ruled that global warming is a significant
social policy issue that transcends excludability based on the ordinary business
operations rule. ExxonMobil Corp. (Mar. 4, 2004) is similarly irrelevant.
Finally, GE erroneously asserts that the Proposal "focuses on a particular type
of law and regulation applicable to GE's products and business operations." The
Proposal simply requests disclosure of the scientific and economic bases for
GE's global warming policya request already ruled not excludable by the Staff
in General Electric Company (Jan. 17, 2006). GE fails to describe how the
Proposal improperly focuses on laws and regulations applicable to its business.
CONCLUSION
Based upon the forgoing analysis, we respectfully request that the Staff reject
GE's request for a "no-action" letter concerning the Proposal. If the Staff does
not concur with our position, we would appreciate the opportunity to confer with
the Staff concerning these matters prior to the issuance of its response. Also,
we request to be party to any and all communications between the Staff and GE
and its representatives concerning the Proposal.
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j), enclosed herewith are six copies of this letter. A
copy of this correspondence has been timely provided to GE and its counsel. In
the interest of a fair and balanced process, we request that the Staff notify
the undersigned if it receives any correspondence on the Proposal from GE or
other persons, unless that correspondence has specifically confirmed to the
Staff that the Proponent or the undersigned have timely been provided with a
copy of the correspondence. If we can provide additional correspondence to
address any questions that the Staff may have with respect to this
correspondence or GE's no-action request, please do not hesitate to call me at
301-258-2852.
Sincerely,
/s/
Steven J. Milloy
Managing Partner & General Counsel
Cc: David M. Stuart, General Electric Company
Ronald O. Mueller, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP
[INQUIRY LETTER]
January 25, 2007
BY OVERNIGHT DELIVERY
Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: General Electric Company; Shareowner Proposal of the Free Enterprise Action
Fund; Securities Exchange Act of 1934 - Rule 14a-8
Dear Ladies and Gentleman,
This letter is on behalf of the Free Enterprise Action Fund ("FEAOX") in
response to the January 24, 2007 letter from the General Electric Company ("GE"
or the "Company") concerning the above-captioned shareholder proposal of the
FEAOX (the "FEAOX Proposal").
We believe that GE's new assertions are erroneous and without merit. But even if
the Division of Corporation Finance (the "Staff") agrees with GE's assertion
that the FEAOX 2007 Proposal and the one submitted by Mr. Thomas J. Borelli (the
"Borelli Proposal") are from the same shareholder, GE's request that both
proposals be excluded is excessive and unwarranted.
Action Fund Management, LLC is the investment adviser for FEAOX and is
authorized to act on behalf of FEAOX.
I. The FEAOX 2007 Proposal is not excludable merely because its supporting
statement has changed.
The proposal in General Electric Company (January 17, 2006) and the FEAOX 2007
Proposal are substantially the same. Both request a report to shareholders on
the scientific and economic aspects of GE's lobbying for global warming
regulation.
First, while the proposals' supporting statements obviously differ, the mere
fact that they differ is not grounds for exclusion. GE offers no facts or law
indicating that mere change in a supporting statement renders a proposal
excludable.
Next, the FEAOX 2007 Proposal's request for a report on the costs and benefits
of GE's global warming policy is not equivalent to an evaluation of risks and
liabilities. The staff ruled as much in General Electric Company. Other than
citing irrelevant prior staff recommendations and making unsupported assertions,
GE offers no facts or explanation as to how the report requested by the FEAOX
2007 Proposal constitutes an evaluation of risks and liabilities. The requested
report involves costs and benefits, which are actual events that have already
occurred. It does not request that GE speculate on future risks and liabilities.
The supporting statement in the FEAOX 2007 resolution is factually correct,
factually consistent with the proposal section, does not introduce facts or
issues unrelated to the proposal section and contains arguments for why
shareholders should vote for it. To exclude the FEAOX 2007 Proposal merely
because GE is concerned that the supporting statement may be more persuasive to
shareholders would be arbitrary and unfair.
II. The Proposals are not submitted by the same proponent.
Contrary to GE's assertion, the FEAOX 2007 Proposal and the Borelli Proposal
were not submitted by the same Proponent in violation of Exchange Act Release
No. 12999 (November 22, 1976).
As pointed out by GE, the Exchange Act Release states in relevant part,
In connection with [adopting a limit, which at the time was two shareowner
proposals per proponent], the Commission is aware of the possibility that some
proponents may attempt to evade the new limitations through various maneuvers,
such as having other persons whose securities they control submit two proposals
in their own names. The Commission wishes to make it clear that such tactics may
result in measures such as the granting of requests by the affected managements
for a "no action letter" concerning the omission from their proxy materials of
the proposals at issue. [Emphasis added]
The plain language of the Exchange Act Release indicates that the foul is the
"attempt to evade" the limitations "through various maneuvers."
There is no such attempt or maneuver involved with respect to the FEAOX 2007
Proposal and the Borelli Proposal as follows:
The FEAOX and Mr. Borelli are not the same legal entity. The FEAOX is a class
of shares of the Coventry Funds Trust, a trust registered under the Investment
Company Act of 1940. Mr. Borelli is an individual.
As the investment adviser to the FEAOX, Action Fund Management, LLC (the
"AFM") has only limited authority to take action on behalf of the FEAOX. While
Mr. Borelli is a principal of the AFM, he does not control the AFM.
Mr. Borelli purchased his shares of GE on March 10, 2004, prior to the
existence of the FEAOX. Mr. Borelli purchased the shares of GE for investment
purposes and not for purposes of evading the Exchange Act Release. When Mr.
Borelli purchased his GE shares, he did not foresee that he would be filing a
shareholder proposal with GE.
The FEAOX purchased its shares of GE on or about March 3, 2005 for investment
purposes and not for the purpose of evading the Exchange Act Release. When the
FEAOX purchased its shares of GE, neither it nor AFM foresaw that the FEAOX
would file a shareholder proposal with GE.
There has been no effort on the part of the FEAOX, AFM or Mr. Borelli to
conceal that they are related to each other.
These facts pertaining to separate ownership and control, unrelated purchase
dates, lack of intent to violate the rules and full disclosure of relationships
clearly indicate that there was no "attempt to evade" through any "maneuvers"
the limitations set forth in the Exchange Act Release.
Additionally, because there was no "attempt to evade" the limitations of the
Exchange Act Release, should the Staff decide that the FEAOX 2007 Proposal and
Borelli Proposal are submitted by the same proponent, it would be excessive and
unwarranted to exclude both proposals.
Please contact me if you have any further questions at 301-258-2852.
Sincerely,
/s/
Steven J. Milloy
Managing Partner & General Counsel
cc: David M. Stuart, General Electric Company
Ronald O. Mueller, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
January 30, 2007
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: General Electric Company Incoming letter dated December 8, 2006
The proposal requests a report on GE's activity and plans with respect to
certain regulatory matters and public policies.
There appears to be some basis for your view that GE may exclude the proposal
under rule 14a-8(i)(7) as relating to GE's ordinary business operations (i.e.,
evaluating the impact of government regulation on the company). Accordingly, we
will not recommend enforcement action to the Commission if GE omits the proposal
from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(7). In reaching this
position, we have not found it necessary to address the alternative basis for
omission upon which GE relies.
Sincerely,
/s/
Derek Bartel Swanson
Attorney-Adviser
|