Company Name: First Hartford Corp.
Public Availability Date: October 15, 2007
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX
INQUIRY LETTER
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
VIA FEDERAL EXPRESS
August 14, 2007
Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Omission of Shareholder Proposal of Richard E. Kaplan
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter and the attached materials are submitted on behalf of our client,
First Hartford Corporation, a Maine corporation (the "Company") in accordance
with Rule 14a-8(j) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended. The Company received a letter, dated October 10, 2006, from Richard E.
Kaplan (the "Proponent"), presenting a proposal for inclusion in the Company's
proxy statement and form of proxy (collectively "Proxy Materials") for the first
annual or special shareholder meeting for which the proposal is timely (the
"Proposal"). A copy of the Proposal is attached hereto as Annex A.
The Company hereby advises the Commission that it intends to exclude the
Proposal from its 2007 Proxy Materials for the reasons described below, and
respectfully requests confirmation from the staff of the Division of Corporation
Finance (the "Staff") that no enforcement action will be recommended if the
Company so excludes the Proposal. By copy of this letter, we are advising the
Proponent of the Company's intention to exclude the Proposal from the 2007 Proxy
Materials. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j), this letter is being filed no later than
eighty (80) calendar days before the Company files its definitive 2007 Proxy
Materials with the Commission. In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j)(2) there are
submitted herewith five additional copies of this letter and the attachments.
We note that the Staff previously concurred, by letter dated November 14, 2006,
with the Company's exclusion, pursuant to Rule 14a-8(e)(2), of this proposal
from the Company's Proxy Materials in respect of its 2006 Annual Meeting.
The Company believes that the Proposal may be excluded from the Company's 2007
proxy materials pursuant to any one of the following grounds for exclusion:
(i) Rule 14a-8(i)(6), because the Company lacks the power and authority to
implement the proposal;
(ii) Rule 14a-8(i)(3), because the Proposal is in violation of the Commission's
proxy rules; and
(iii) Rule 14a-8(i)(8), because the Proposal relates to an election for
membership on the Company's board of directors.
The Proposal
The resolution portion of the Proposal reads as follows:
Resolved, to amend the By-Laws by adding to Article IV:
Section 7. Independent Directors. At all times a majority of the Board of
Directors, and of any committees, shall be Independent Directors; and no action
of the Board, or of any committee, shall be valid unless approved by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the Independent Directors. A Director is not
Independent if within the preceding 5 years he has had any nontrivial
relationship with the Company, other than service as a director. Relationships
(business, social or family) with the following persons are considered
relationships with the Company: (a) any officer or management employee of the
Company or its affiliates, (b) any person owning beneficially 5% or more of the
equity interests in the Company or any of its affiliates, or (c) family members
or affiliates, of the foregoing. Independent Directors must be free from any
appearance of predisposition toward the interests of management. A director
elected by the Board cannot be considered an Independent Director until elected
by the shareholders. Any Independent Director who ceases to qualify as such
shall automatically cease to be a director. This Section cannot be amended by
the Board of Directors.
I. The Proposal May be Excluded Because the Company Lacks the Power and
Authority to Implement the Proposal
Rule 14a-8(i)(6) provides that a company may omit a proposal if the company
"would lack the power or authority to implement the proposal." The Proposal, if
implemented, would require that the Company's bylaws be amended to provide,
among other things, that "[a]t all times a majority of the Board of Directors,
and of any committees, shall be Independent Directors." Based on the Staff's
prior guidance, the Proposal may be excluded because (i) the Company lacks the
power and authority to assure compliance with a standard that certain directors
remain Independent, and (ii) the Proposal provides no opportunity or mechanism
for the Company to cure failure of a director to maintain Independence.
The Staff has stated its view that "when a proposal is drafted in a manner that
would require a director to maintain his or her independence at all times, we
permit the company to exclude the proposal under Rule 14a-8(i)(6) on the basis
that the proposal does not provide the board with an opportunity or mechanism to
cure a violation of the standard requested in the proposal." Staff Legal
Bulletin No. 14C (June 28, 2005).
The Staff, similarly, has concurred with the exclusion of proposals to impose
independence requirements where the proposal does not provide an opportunity or
means to cure a failure to meet the proposed requirement. See Allied Waste
Industries, Inc. (Mar. 21, 2005) (concurring with exclusion of a shareholder
proposal requesting amendment of the company's bylaws to require that the
company's chairman of the board be and remain independent, with no opportunity
to cure); Ford Motor Company (Feb. 27, 2005) (concurring with exclusion of a
shareholder proposal requiring that a director retain his or her independence at
all times, without providing the board with an opportunity or mechanism to cure
a violation); and Exxon Mobil Corp. (Mar. 13, 2005) (concurring with exclusion
of a shareholder proposal requesting amendment of company's bylaws to require
that an independent director serve as chairman and requiring independence at all
times without providing the board an opportunity or mechanism to cure a
violation).
The Company does not have the power or authority to implement a requirement that
certain Board members always be independent. It is not within the Company's
power to ensure that the relationship of an Independent Director to the Company
would never change in a manner that affects the independence of the person with
no ability to cure such a failure. Therefore the Company believes the Proposal
is excludable pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(6).
II. The Proposal May be Excluded Because it is (a) in Violation of the Proxy
Rules and (b) Relates to an Election of Directors
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) permits a company to exclude a shareholder proposal if "the
proposal or supporting statement is contrary to any of the Commission's proxy
rules, including Rule 14a-9, which prohibits materially false or misleading
statements in proxy soliciting materials." Rule 14a-8(i)(8) permits a company to
exclude a proposal if it relates to an election for membership on the Company's
board of directors.
The Staff has expressed the view that companies may exclude a proposal pursuant
to Rule 14a-8(i)(3) where such proposal includes statements that are vague or
impugn an individual character. See Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14B (Sep. 15, 2004)
("SLB 14B"). The Proposal would require detailed and extensive editing to bring
it into compliance with Rule 14a-9. In such a case, it may be appropriate to
exclude the Proposal, supporting statement or both. See SLB No. 14B.
A. The Proposal's Supporting Statement is False and Misleading and Impermissibly
Relates to an Election
Rule 14a-9 and Note (b) thereto prohibit any solicitation subject to Regulation
14A that "directly or indirectly impugns character, integrity, or personal
reputation, or directly or indirectly makes charges concerning improper,
illegal, or immoral conduct or association, without factual foundation." The
Staff has concluded on numerous occasions, pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(8), that
proposals containing language such as that described in Note (b) are also
excludable where they would indirectly influence the election of directors
nominated or likely to be nominated at the relevant stockholder meeting. The
Staff has not required such statements to be explicit in their intent to affect
an election contest in order to find proposals containing them excludable.
The Proposal's supporting statement contains repeated assertions directly
impugning the character of Neil Ellis, the Company's President and a Director
and the Company's other Directors. In the supporting statement of the Proposal
the Proponent writes:
1. "Neil Ellis ... and two subordinates [on the Board] sit idly by while Ellis
has treated the Company as his own private bank."
2. "Has self dealing by Ellis been fair to the shareholders?"
3. "Over the past few years, Ellis has wasted over $1,000,000 of shareholder
money resisting efforts to obtain disclosure of his self-dealing."
4. "Do we really want Ellis spending so much of our money to hide relevant facts
from us?"
The Proposal and its supporting statements are false and misleading pursuant to
Rule 14a-9. In addition, these same statements question the character, integrity
and business judgment of Mr. Ellis and the Company's other Directors, suggesting
the proposal seeks to embarrass these individuals and thwart their re-election
to the Board. Under similar circumstances the staff has concurred on numerous
occasions with omission of the proposal. See AT&T Corp. (Feb. 13, 2001)
(proposal questions business judgment of chairman, who is likely to be nominated
for election); Xerox Corporation (Mar. 9, 2001) (proposal impugns current board
members who are likely nominees); and Foster Wheeler Corporation (Feb. 5, 2001)
(proposal appears to question business judgment of Company's chairman standing
for re-election).
Accordingly, the Company believes that the Proposal may be omitted pursuant to
Rules 14a-8(i)(3) and 14a-8(i)(8).
B. The Proposal is Vague and Ineffective and, Consequently, False and Misleading
The Staff has expressed the view that a proposal may be materially false and
misleading if "the resolution contained in the proposal is so inherently vague
or indefinite that neither the shareholders voting on the proposal, nor the
company in implementing the proposal (if adopted), would be able to determine
with any reasonable certainty exactly what actions or measures the proposal
requires." See SLB No. 14B; See also McDonnell Douglas Corp. (Mar. 10, 1989).
Action taken by the Company in implementing the Proposal, if adopted, could,
therefore, differ from action envisioned by shareholders voting on it. Moreover,
the Staff has concurred with omission of proposals that would require highly
subjective determinations regarding the meaning of restrictions imposed by a
proposal. See NYNEX Corporation (Jan. 12, 1990).
The resolution sought to be adopted pursuant to the Proposal turns entirely upon
inherently vague and indefinite language subject to guesswork and varying
interpretation that would belie any concept of "reasonable certainty" and make
objective application impossible. In the Proposal:
1. The term "Independent Director," upon which the entire Proposal turns, is
never defined. While the definition is discussed in the negative, and describes
relationships that would cause one not to be Independent (the "Excluded Group"),
it would require material and unstated inference to discern whether an
individual who does not fall within this Excluded Group would, in fact, be an
Independent Director.
2. The Excluded Group is discussed in terms of so-called "nontrivial"
relationships. Without a more clearly crafted standard, even this definition
becomes impossible to understand or administer without guidance as to what types
of relationship are to be considered "trivial" or not.
3. The Excluded Group is expanded to include those having relationships with
"family members" or "affiliates" of persons specified in the applicable
discussion. Without defining these broadening terms, it is not possible to
determine the status of an individual or entities that may have a relationship
with the Company, particularly where such a relationship is attenuated.
4. The Proposal, if adopted would require that "Independent Directors must be
free from any appearance of predisposition toward the interests of management."
The meaning of this vague and conceptual language is not reasonably certain. The
meaning of the proposed language is made still more unclear by Maine law, which
unambiguously indicates that the board of directors, itself, is part of
management. The Maine Business Corporation Act provides that "All corporate
powers must be exercised by or under the authority of, and the business and
affairs of the corporation managed under the direction of, the corporation's
board of directors...." 13 C.M.R.S. 801 (2007). Consequently, this is an
objective determination that cannot be applied by the Company in administering
the Proposal if adopted, or by shareholders in determining how to cast their
votes, without significant clarification.
The Proponent must provide a clear, comprehensible proposal that provides for
shareholders an understanding of the ramifications of a vote in favor of such a
proposal. The language of the Proposal is such that it is impossible for
shareholders to determine with reasonable certainty who would be an "Independent
Director" under its terms and would be impossible for the Company to administer
with reasonable certainty if the Proposal were adopted. Consequently,
shareholders voting on the Proposal would not know exactly what they were voting
on, and management would be unsure of what it is required to do if the Proposal
were adopted. See, e.g., NYNEX Corporation (Jan. 12, 1990).
Because the resolution contained in the Proposal is inherently vague and because
the supporting statement contains language that impugns the character of members
of the Company's President and Board of Directors, the Company believes that the
Proposal is materially false and misleading in violation of Rule 14a-9 and is
therefore excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(3).
Based upon the foregoing, the Company respectfully requests that the Staff
indicate that it will not recommend enforcement action to the Commission if the
Company omits the Proposal from its 2007 Proxy Materials. If you have any
questions regarding this matter, please do not hesitate to contact the
undersigned at (212) 297-5830 or in my absence, Todd Zarin at (212) 297-2473.
An additional copy of this letter is enclosed. Please return a copy in the
enclosed self-addressed envelope to confirm receipt hereof.
Very truly yours,
/s/
Frank E. Lawatsch, Jr.
cc: First Hartford Corporation
Richard E. Kaplan
Attachments:
Annex A: Copy of the Proposal
[INQUIRY LETTER]
CERTIFIED MAIL, RRR
October 10, 2006
Stuart I. Greenwald, Secretary
First Hartford Corporation
P.O. Box 1270
149 Colonial Road
Manchester, Connectiout 06045-1270
Dear Mr. Greenwald:
Enclosed pursuant to SEC Rule 14a-8 is a shareholder proposal, including
supporting statement, which I am submitting for inclusion in the Company's proxy
statement for the first annual or special shareholder meeting for which this
proposal is timely.
I have continuously held as registered owner at least $2,000 in market value of
the First Hartford Corporation Common Stock for more than the past 10 years, and
intend to continue to hold those shares through the date of the shareholder
meeting for which my proposal is submitted.
Very truly yours,
/s/
Richard E. Kaplan
REK ms
Enc.
[APPENDIX]
Kaplan Shareholder Proposal
October 10, 2006
"Resolved, to amend the By-Laws by adding to Article IV:
Section 7. Independent Directors. At all times a majority of the Board of
Directors, and of any committees, shall be Independent Directors; and no action
of the Board, or of any committee, shall be valid unless approved by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the Independent Directors. A Director is not
Independent if within the preceding 5 years he has had any nontrivial
relationship with the Company, other than service as a director. Relationships
(business, social or family) with the following persons are considered
relationships with the Company; (a) any officer or management employee of the
Company or its affiliates, (b) any person owning beneficially 5% or more of the
equity interests in the Company or any of its affiliates, or (c) family members
or affiliates, of the foregoing. Independent Directors must be free from any
appearance of predisposition toward the interests of management. A director
eleoted by the Board cannot be considered an Independent Director until elected
by the shareholders. Any Independent Director who cases to qualify as such shall
automatically cease to be a director. This Section cannot be amended by the
Board of Directors.
Reasons:
The First Hartford Board consists entirely of insider management Neil Ellis,
President of the Company, and two subordinates who sitidly by while Ellis has
treated the Company as his own private bank. Money has been loaned back and
forth between the Company and other entities in the Ellis empire, sometimes
without interest. Ellis also has transferred properties from the Company to
other entitles in his empire without Board approval. Because Ellis sets all
salaries, including his own, none of the directors can stand up to Ellis to
protect shareholder interests or demand accountability.
Has self-dealing by Ellis been fair to the shareholders? There has been no
review by any independent third party and no scrutiny. In many cases, the
transactions are not adequately documented nor have they been approved by the
Ellis-dominated board.
Most recently, under pressure from my lawsuits, Ellis paid the shareholders a
dividend of 10 cents per share, a total of around $300,000, which would have
been progress had Ellis not also treated himself and his subordinate directors
to supersized bonuses. These bonuses were more than twice the dividend to
shareholders and more than the Company's income.
Over the past few years, Ellis has wasted over $1,000,000 of shareholder money
resisting efforts to obtain disclosure of his self-dealing. Regardless, the
Federal Court in Massachusetts still found that his Inadequate disclosures
violated the securities laws. Do we really want Ellis spending so much of our
money to hide relevant facts from us?
This Company needs a board with a majority of independent directors to protect
shareholder interests. The vast majority of public companies have a majority of
independent directors. This proposal will move the Company into the corporate
mainstream and provide much needed accountability.
Please vote FOR the proposal."
[INQUIRY LETTER]
VIA OVERNIGHT MAIL
August 17, 2007
Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
RE: First Hartford Corporation, SEC File No. 0-8862 Shareholder Proposal of
Richard E. Kaplan
Gentlemen:
We represent Richard Kaplan, a shareholder of First Hartford Corporation (the
"Company"), who in October 2006 requested the Company, pursuant to Rule 14a-8,
to include a shareholder proposal (the "Proposal") in the proxy statement for
the first annual or special shareholder meeting for which it would be timely.
The Proposal would amend the by-laws of the Company to require independent
directors. We have received a copy of a letter to you, dated August 14, 2007,
from Day Pitney LLP, counsel for the Company, advising that the Company intends
to exclude the Proposal from its 2007 Proxy Materials.
I am writing to respond to arguments made by the Company in its letter to you.
For your convenience, I will follow the sequence in the Company's letter.
Argument 1: That the Company lacks the power and authority to implement the
proposal.
The Maine Business Corporation Act (Title 13-C). Section 1020(1) provides:
"1. Shareholders amend; repeal bylaws. A corporation's shareholders may amend or
repeal the corporation's bylaws."
By application of law, the proposal, if adopted, would in and of itself amend
the Company's by-laws. After the vote of the shareholders, no further action
would be required on the part of the Company in order for the amendment to be
effective.
FHC has mischaracterized the proposal in stating that it would require a
director, or any director, to remain independent. It does not. It does require
that the Board at all times consist of a majority of independent directors, and
it automatically removes from office an independent director who ceases to
qualify as such. First, the removal of a formerly independent director would not
necessarily mean that independent directors did not make up a majority of the
Board. For example, if there were 5 directors, 4 of whom were independent, and
one of the independent directors went to work for the Company, he would cease to
be a director. At that point, the board would consist of 4 directors, a majority
(i.e. 3) of whom would be independent. There would be no problem.
If, however, a director's loss of independence changed the composition of the
Board so that less than a majority of the Board remained independent, there are
several actions that the Board and the Company could take to "cure" the problem.
Some interested directors could step down in order to restore the balance, or a
special election could be called in order for the Sharcholders to elect an
independent director to fill the vacancy as provided in Section 810(1)(b) of the
Maine Business Corporation Act.
There is nothing in the proposal that requires that any director to remain
independent; and there are adequate mechanisms in the Company's by-laws or the
Maine Business Corporation Act to cure any situation in which a loss of
independence resulted in a Board without a majority of independent directors.
It is significant that the Company has not argued that the Proposal is, in any
way, not in accordance with Maine law.
Argument 2A: That the Proposal's supporting statement is false and misleading
and relates to an election.
In reverse order, the proposal does not relate to an election. It relates to the
composition of the Company's Board and the qualifications of directors. These
are appropriate matters for the shareholders, and do not affect the election of
any particular director.
The Company further argues that the supporting statement is false and
misleading, and suggests that the supporting statement "directly or indirectly
impugns character, integrity, or personal reputation, or directly or indirectly
makes charges concerning improper, illegal, or immoral conduct or association,
without factual foundation." While we agree that the supporting statement does
not flatter Mr. Ellis and his subordinate directors, we believe that all
negative inferences in the supporting statement are entirely fair, and if
anything are understated in light of the true facts.
For example, on July 7, 2006, the United States District Court for the District
of Massachusetts, in litigation with respect to the Company's Proxy Statements
for its shareholder meetings in January 2004, February 2005 and November 2005
found:
S. The proxy statements and 10-K filings indicate, as a general matter, that
Ellis had (and continues to have) a personal interest in a number of business
transactions with FHC. Thus, a reasonable stockholder would likely consider such
information, and proceed with caution, when voting for officers or with respect
to transactions that could benefit Mr. Ellis personally. The insufficient
disclosures of Ellis's transaction with FHC are problematic because they do not
permit an investor to determine the extent of Ellis's self-interest. Cf. Shaev
v. Saper, 320 F. 3d 373, 382-83 (3d Cir. 2003) ("That an investor could
hypothetically conduct research to clarify ambiguities and discover omissions in
the proxy statement does not relieve the Board of its obligations under Rule
14a-9.").
T. Similarly, although transactions which took place many years ago while FHC
was insolvent may be of little consequence today, such transactions are
significant in confirming Ellis's peremptory control over FHC's management and
the Board and the Comprehensive lack of proper corporate governance.
U. Consequently, FHC should have disclosed 1) the material terms of those
transactions in which Ellis or his family were personally interested, 2) details
concerning potential benefits and detriments to Ellis personally and 3) the
relationship between Richmond Realty, Harding, Ellis and FHC.
More recently, on April 2, 2007, the United States District Court for the
District of Maine, found:
Whatever good intentions [Neil Ellis] had originally, his actions cumulatively
demonstrate a pattern of peremptory and oppressive treatment of minority
shareholders. The pre-2003 transactions provide a context; the recent $400,000
bonus paid during litigation is the most recent example demonstrating that Ellis
will not end his peremptory and oppressive behavior without intervention. It is
true that FHC has reinstated independent audits, resumed shareholder meetings,
hired an internal auditor and a new securities law firm, and this year for the
first time in memory paid dividends. But at the same time, Ellis has transferred
assets away from FHC to his other enterprises or his family by slashing
management fees of the Lubbock shopping center; covertly paying his family
members over $1.1 million from HLLP II, while ignoring FHC's ownership interest
in the partnership; and transferring millions of dollars to Journal on account
of debts previously written off as uncollectible, while at the same time
ignoring over $250,000 worth of previously written off debt that MIP 16A owed
FHC. He has also manifested extreme hostility to a shareholder's attempt to
exercise legitimate rights of access to shareholder lists, and has paid himself
an excessive bonus as a 43% shareholder. It is in that respect that I conclude
that FHC and Ellis have treated other shareholders oppressively.
While not mentioned in the supporting statement, the character and integrity of
FHC's management are further called into question by their disregard of their
obligations under the Permanent Injunction entered in SEC v. First Hartford
Corporation, Civil Action No. 89-3156-NHJ (D.DC. 1989), which the Company has
described as requiring it to file its periodic reports with the SEC on a timely
basis. In this connection, we note that as recently as August 16, 2007 the
Company still had not filed its Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30,
2007.
In addition, as a result of the litigation referred to above, we have evidence
indicating that Mr. Ellis and the other directors have also engaged in knowing
and deliberate violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and
Sarbanes-Oxley. However, because these have not been litigated, the supporting
statement does not even allude to them. However, we can make this evidence
available to the Commission if you believe that additional factual support is
required in order to include the relatively tame characterizations in the
supporting statement.
Argument 2B: That the Proposal is vague and ineffective and consequently false
and misleading
The Company's arguments are specious. The By-Law proposal is in clear English,
and is far easier to understand than the proposals that the Company has
presented to shareholders. The Company further suggests that the Proposal is
vague because it leaves open the possibility that in the future, based on
specific facts not addressed in the Proposal, arguments could be made on both
sides of the question of whether a particular director is or is not Independent.
If that were the standard, all laws and regulations, and all by-law provisions,
would be vague. Should arguments arise in the future under this by-law
provision, or any other by-law provisions, there are courts that are fully
capable of sorting them out based on the plain and clear language of this
provision.
We thank you for your consideration.
Very truly yours,
/s/
Robert Rothberg
RR/pd
cc: Frank E. Lawatsch, Jr., Esq.
Stuart I. Greenwald
Richard E. Kaplan
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
October 15, 2007
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: First Hartford Corporation Incoming letter dated August 14, 2007
The proposal would amend the bylaws to require that, at all times, a majority of
the board of directors, and of any committees, shall be "independent" directors,
and that an independent director who ceases to qualify as such shall
automatically cease to be a director.
There appears to be some basis for your view that First Hartford Corporation may
exclude the proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(6). Accordingly, we will not recommend
enforcement action to the Commission if First Hartford Corporation omits the
proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(6). In reaching
this position, we have not found it necessary to address the alternative bases
for omission upon which First Hartford Corporation relies.
Sincerely,
/s/
Ted Yu
Special Counsel
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