Company Name: General Electric Co.
Public Availability Date: January 17, 2006
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 9, 2005
VIA HAND DELIVERY
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: General Electric Company; Shareowner Proposal of Thomas J. Borelli
Securities Exchange Act of 1934Rule 14a-8
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter is to inform you that it is the intention of our client, General
Electric Company ("GE"), to omit from its proxy statement and form of proxy for
its 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareowners (collectively, the "2006 Proxy
Materials") a shareowner proposal (the "Proposal") and a statement in support
thereof received from Thomas J. Borelli (the "Proponent"). The Proposal requests
that GE's Board of Directors report to GE's shareowners on the scientific and
economic analyses relevant to GE's climate change policy. The Proposal and
related correspondence are attached hereto as Exhibit A.
On behalf of our client, we hereby notify the Division of Corporation Finance of
GE's intention to exclude the Proposal from its 2006 Proxy Materials, and we
respectfully request that the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance (the
"Staff") concur in our view that the Proposal is excludable pursuant to:
I. Rule 14a-8(i)(3) and Rule 14a-8(i)(6) because the Proposal is impermissibly
vague and indefinite in violation of Rule 14a-9; and
II. Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because the Proposal pertains to GE's ordinary business
operations.
LOS ANGELES NEW YORK WASHINGTON, D.C. SAN FRANCISCO PALO ALTO LONDON PARIS
MUNICH BRUSSELS ORANGE COUNTY CENTURY CITY DALLAS DENVER
Alternatively, if the Staff finds that the Proposal should not be excluded in
its entirety on either of the above-described bases, we respectfully request
that the Staff, pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(3), concur that GE may exclude a
certain website citation from the Proposal.
THE PROPOSAL
The Proposal states:
"Resolved: That, by the 2006 annual shareholder meeting, the Board of Directors
report to shareholders on the scientific and economic analyses relevant to GE's
climate change policy, omitting proprietary information and at reasonable cost.
This report should discuss the:
1. Specific scientific data and studies relied on to formulate GE's climate
change policy.
2. Extent to which GE believes human activity will significantly alter global
climate, whether such change is necessarily undesirable and whether a
cost-effective strategy for mitigating any undesirable change is practical.
3. Estimate of costs and benefits to GE of its climate change policy."
The Proposal is preceded by a number of paragraphs set forth under three
"Whereas" clauses, and a supporting statement that follows the Proposal.
BASES FOR EXCLUSION
I. The Proposal May Be Excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(3) and Rule 14a-8(i)(6)
Because the Proposal is Vague and Indefinite and Because GE Lacks the Power to
Implement It.
We believe that the Proposal is vague and indefinite, with the result that it
violates the Rule 14a-9 prohibition on materially false and misleading
statements. The Staff has consistently taken the position that vague and
indefinite shareowner proposals are excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(3) because
"neither the stockholders voting on the proposal, nor the company in
implementing the proposal (if adopted), would be able to determine with any
reasonable certainty exactly what actions or measures the proposal requires."
Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14B (avail. Sept. 15, 2004); Philadelphia Electric Co.
(avail. Jul. 30, 1992) (regarding the predecessor to Rule 14a-8(i)(3)). See also
Procter & Gamble Co. (avail. Oct. 25, 2002). A proposal is considered vague and
indefinite so as to justify exclusion where a company and its shareowners might
interpret the proposal differently, such that "any action ultimately taken by
the [c]ompany upon implementation of the proposal could be significantly
different from the actions envisioned by the shareholders voting on the
proposal." Fuqua Industries, Inc. (avail. Mar. 12, 1991).
The Proposal requests that GE "report to shareholders on the scientific and
economic analyses relevant to GE's climate change policy." Although GE has
announced six undertakings that constitute its "climate change strategy," 1 GE
has not announced a "climate change policy." GE's climate change strategy merely
reports on certain product and production initiatives that GE is pursuing. Thus,
notwithstanding the Proponent's frequent references to GE's "climate change
policy," the Proponent never states what the purported policy is, and no where
cites to where the purported policy can be found. Instead, the Proponent
attempts to infer that GE's climate change strategy and GE's "Ecomagination"
marketing campaign reflect a policy position on the science underlying climate
change. Given the fact that GE does not have a "climate change policy," the
resulting inability of the Proponent to either summarize or cite to any such
policy, and the vague insinuations set forth in the "Whereas" clauses preceding
the Proposal, shareowners could not know what actions GE would be expected to
take in response to the Proposal, and GE would not know what actions would be
expected of it if it sought to implement the Proposal.
The vague references in the Proposal to "GE's climate change policy" therefore
are just like statements in the following shareowner proposals that the Staff
has concurred are excludable under Rules 14a-8(i)(3) and 14a-8(i)(6). For
example, in SI Handling Systems, Inc. (avail. May 5, 2000), the Staff concurred
that the company could exclude a proposal requesting it to replace its current
bylaws with its bylaws existing prior to 1996 because it was unclear what past
bylaws, or specific provisions thereof, were being referred to. In Alcoa Inc.
(avail. Dec. 24, 2002), the Staff concurred that the company could exclude a
proposal calling for the implementation of "human rights standards" and a
program to monitor compliance with these standards, because the proposal did not
identify or summarize these standards, and thus shareowners and the company
could not know what the proposal was asking the company to address. See also,
Int'l Business Machines Corp. (avail. Feb. 5, 1980) (Staff concurred that the
company could omit under Rule 14a-8(i)(3), as vague and indefinite, a shareowner
proposal requesting a policy paper on "demonstrated affirmative responsibility"
because there was no description in the proposal of what "demonstrated
affirmative responsibility" means).
For the same reasons, we believe that the Proposal is excludable under Rule
14a-8(i)(6) because GE is unable to determine what actions would be required by
the Proposal and, thus, lacks the power to implement the Proposal. A company
lacks the power or authority to implement a proposal when the proposal "is so
vague and indefinite that [the company] would be unable to determine what action
should be taken." Int'l Business Machines Corp. (avail. Jan. 14, 1992). Because
GE does not have a "climate change policy," GE could not implement the Proposal.
Thus, the Proposal also may be excluded from the 2006 Proxy Materials under Rule
14a-8(i)(6).
This analysis differs from the one considered by the Staff in Exxon Mobil
Corporation (avail. Mar. 19, 2004) and Exxon Mobil Corporation (avail. Mar. 15,
2005). In each of those letters, the company was asked to make available to
shareowners the research data relevant to Exxon Mobil's stated position on the
science of climate change, omitting proprietary information and at reasonable
cost, and specifying that the data provided should address certain topics.
There, Exxon Mobil had an explicit "stated position" on the science of climate
change, which Exxon Mobil quoted in its no-action letters relating to the
proposal. That "stated position" (specifically, that "scientific evidence [on
climate change issues] remains inconclusive") was alleged by the proponent to be
in conflict with various scientific studies. Here, as stated above, GE does not
have a "climate change policy" and neither the Proposal nor the supporting
statement identify what the Proposal means by the phrase "GE's climate change
policy."
II. The Proposal May Be Excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) Because the Proposal
Pertains to GE's Ordinary Business Operations.
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) permits the omission of a shareowner proposal dealing with
matters relating to a company's "ordinary business" operations. According to the
Securities and Exchange Commission's (the "Commission") Release accompanying the
1998 amendments to Rule 14a-8, the underlying policy of the ordinary business
exclusion is "to confine the resolution of ordinary business problems to
management and the board of directors, since it is impracticable for
shareholders to decide how to solve such problems at an annual shareholders
meeting." Release No. 34-40018 (May 21, 1998) (the "1998 Release").
In the 1998 Release, the Commission described the two "central considerations"
for the ordinary business exclusion. The first was that certain tasks were "so
fundamental to management's ability to run a company on a day to day basis" that
they could not be subject to direct shareowner oversight. Examples of such tasks
cited by the Commission were "management of the workforce, such as the hiring,
promotion, and termination of employees, decisions on production quality and
quantity, and the retention of suppliers." The second consideration related to
"the degree to which the proposal seeks to `micro-manage' the company by probing
too deeply into matters of a complex nature upon which shareholders, as a group,
would not be in a position to make an informed judgment."
The Staff has also stated that a proposal requesting the dissemination of a
report may be excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) if the substance of the report
is within the ordinary business of the issuer. See Release No. 34-20091 (Aug.
16, 1983). In addition, the Staff has indicated, "[where] the subject matter of
the additional disclosure sought in a particular proposal involves a matter of
ordinary business ... it may be excluded under rule 14a-8(i)(7)." Johnson Controls, Inc. (avail. Oct. 26, 1999).
A. The Proposal Involves Ordinary Business Matters Because It Relates to the
Assessment of Risk.
The Proposal states that the report should discuss "[e]stimates of cost and
benefits to GE of its climate change policy." This element of the Proposal does
not address any significant policy issue or request GE to change its operations
to address a significant policy issue, but instead implicates only the financial
consequences, risks and benefits arising from a "climate change policy" that
does not even exist. Thus, while we believe the Proposal is excludable because
it is vague and indefinite and beyond GE's power to implement, even if
shareowners and GE could determine what the report requested under the Proposal
is supposed to address, the Proposal would be excludable because the subject of
the report would relate to GE's ordinary business operations.
A long and well-established line of no-action letters demonstrates that
proposals seeking detailed information on a company's assessment of the risks
and benefits of aspects of its business operations do not raise significant
policy issues and instead delve into the minutiae and details of the ordinary
conduct of business. For example, in Wachovia Corp. (avail. Jan. 28, 2005), the
Staff concurred that a proposal requesting a report on the effect on Wachovia's
business strategy of the risks created by global climate change was within
Wachovia's ordinary business operations as an evaluation of risk and was
excludable. In Chubb Corp. (avail. Jan. 25, 2004), the Staff concurred that a
proposal requesting a report providing a comprehensive assessment of Chubb's
strategies to address the impacts of climate change on its business was within
Chubb's ordinary business operations as an evaluation of risks and benefits and
therefore was excludable. In both Xcel Energy Inc. (avail. Apr. 1, 2003) and
Cinergy Corp. (avail. Feb. 5, 2003), the Staff concurred with the exclusion of
proposals that requested a report disclosing "the economic risks associated with
the [c]ompany's past, present and future emissions" of various greenhouse gases,
and "the economic benefits of committing to a substantial reduction of those
emissions related to its current business activities." In The Dow Chemical
Company (avail. Feb. 23, 2005), the Staff concurred that the company could
exclude a proposal requesting a report describing the reputational and financial
impact of an environmental policy on Rule 14a-8(i)(7) grounds that it related to
the company's ordinary business operations (i.e., evaluation of risks and
liabilities). In The Dow Chemical Company (avail. Feb. 13, 2004), the Staff
concurred that the company could exclude under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) a proposal
requesting a report related to certain toxic substances, including "the
reasonable range of projected costs of remediation or liability." In concurring
with the exclusion of the proposal, the Staff noted that it related to an
evaluation of risks and liabilities. See also Willamette Industries, Inc.
(avail. Mar. 20, 2001) (excluding a proposal related to a request for a report
on environmental problems, including "an estimate of worst case financial
exposure due to environmental issues for the next ten years"); Mead Corp.
(avail. Jan. 31, 2001) (excluding a proposal related to a request for an
economic or financial report of the company's environmental risks); Boeing Co.
(avail. Feb. 25, 2005) (excluding a proposal relating to a request for estimated
or anticipated cost savings associated with job elimination or relocation
actions taken by the company over the past five years); Potlatch Corp. (avail.
Feb. 13, 2001) (excluding a proposal related to a request for a report that was
to include an assessment of environmental risks).
This line of precedents was summarized in Staff Legal Bulletin 14C (June 28,
2005) ("SLB 14C"). There, the Staff stated, "To the extent that a proposal and
supporting statement focus on the company engaging in an internal assessment of
the risks or liabilities that the company faces as a result of its operations
that may adversely affect the environment or the public's health, we concur with
the company's view that there is a basis for it to exclude the proposal under
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) as relating to an evaluation of risk."
Here, the Proposal is seeking a report that includes "[e]stimates of costs and
benefits to GE" of an indistinctly described policy that the Proposal describes
as relating to environmental science. Under the foregoing precedent, even if the
information requested under the Proposal was clear and within GE's power to
provide, the Proposal would be excludable because that information encompasses
information on GE's ordinary business operations.
B. Regardless of Whether the Proposal Touches Upon Significant Social Policy
Issues, the Entire Proposal is Excludable Due to the Fact That It Distinctly
Addresses Ordinary Business Matters.
The precedents set forth above support our conclusion that the Proposal
addresses ordinary business matters and therefore is excludable under Rule
14a-8(i)(7). We recognize that in the Exxon Mobil Corporation letters cited
above, the Staff has concluded that certain environmental-related proposals may
focus on sufficiently significant social policy issues so as to preclude
exclusion in certain circumstances. Nevertheless, the Staff also has
consistently concurred that a proposal may be excluded in its entirety when it
addresses ordinary business matters, even if it also touches upon a significant
social policy issue. For example, in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (avail. Mar. 15,
1999), the Staff concurred that a company could exclude a proposal requesting a
report to ensure that the company did not purchase goods from suppliers using
forced labor, convict labor and child labor, because the proposal also requested
that the report address ordinary business matters. In General Electric Company
(avail. Feb. 10, 2000), the Staff concurred that GE could exclude a proposal
requesting that it (i) discontinue an accounting technique, (ii) not use funds
from the GE Pension Trust to determine executive compensation, and (iii) use
funds from the trust as intended. The Staff concurred that the entire proposal
was excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because a portion of the proposal related
to ordinary business matters (i.e., the choice of accounting methods).
Similarly, in Medallion Financial Corp. (avail. May 11, 2004), in reviewing a
proposal requesting that the company engage an investment bank to evaluate
alternatives to enhance shareowner value, the Staff stated, "[w]e note that the
proposal appears to relate to both extraordinary transactions and
non-extraordinary transactions. Accordingly, we will not recommend enforcement
action to the Commission if Medallion omits the proposal from its proxy
materials in reliance on 14a-8(i)(7)."
Significantly, the proposal addressed in the Exxon Mobil Corporation letters was
worded differently than the Proposal here, and did not seek information that
implicated the company's ordinary business operations. Here, the information
specifically called for by the Proposal - "3. Estimates of costs and benefits to
GE of its climate change policy" - includes information relating to ordinary
business matters. Accordingly, based on the precedents described above, we
believe that the Proposal properly may be excluded from the 2006 Proxy Materials
under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), and request that the Staff concur in our conclusion.
III. In the Alternative, GE May Exclude the Website Citation Pursuant to Rule
14a-8(i)(3).
If the Staff does not agree that the Proposal may be excluded pursuant to Rules
14a-8(i)(3), 14a-8(i)(6) or 14a-8(i)(7), we respectfully request that the Staff
concur that GE, pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(3), may exclude the website address
cited in the Proposal. Rule 14a-8(i)(3) permits a company to exclude portions of
a shareowner proposal that are contrary to any of the Commission's proxy rules,
including Rule 14a-9, which prohibits materially false or misleading statements.
Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14 (CF) (July 13, 2001) section F.1. states that a
website address may be excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(3) where "information
contained on the website ... may be irrelevant to the subject matter of the
proposal."
As noted above, the Proposal is preceded by a number of "Whereas" paragraphs.
The first "Whereas" paragraph contains a statement that "[p]olicy based on
faulty analyses or external pressure may reduce shareholder value," which
statement is followed by "See http://www.FreeEnterpriseActionFund.com" as a
supporting cite. As discussed below, GE believes this website citation is
irrelevant to the subject matter of the Proposal and, if included in the 2006
Proxy Materials, would prove confusing and potentially misleading to GE's
shareowners.
The Free Enterprise Action Fund's website describes the objectives of the Free
Enterprise Action Fund, a for-profit mutual fund that, "seek[s] long-term
capital appreciation through investment and advocacy that promote the American
system of free enterprise." The linked website states that the Free Enterprise
Action Fund is managed by Action Fund Management, LLC, and that one of the
"principals" of Action Fund Management, LLC is the Proponent, Thomas Borelli.
See Exhibit B, setting forth relevant pages from the Free Enterprise Action Fund
website). The Free Enterprise Action Fund's website has no relevance to the
statement in the "Whereas" paragraph that cites it. Thus, its inclusion in the
supporting statement would prove confusing and potentially misleading to GE's
shareowners, as it serves no purpose other than as an advertisement for a mutual
fund sponsored by the Proponent. Therefore, the information contained in the
link, therefore, is "irrelevant to the subject matter of" the Proposal. Staff
Legal Bulletin No. 14 (July 13, 2001). Accordingly, if the Staff finds that the
Proposal should not be excluded in its entirety on either of the above-described
bases, we respectfully request that the Staff, pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(3),
concur that GE may exclude the foregoing website citation from the Proposal.
CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing analysis, we respectfully request that the Staff concur
that it will take no action if GE excludes the Proposal from its 2006 Proxy
Materials. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j), enclosed herewith are six copies of this
letter and its attachments. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j), this letter is being
filed with the Commission no later than 80 calendar days before GE files its
definitive 2006 Proxy Materials with the Commission. On behalf of GE, we hereby
agree to promptly forward to the Proponent any Staff response to this no-action
request that the Staff transmits by facsimile to us only.
Consistent with the provisions of Rule 14a-8(j), we are concurrently providing
copies of this correspondence to the Proponent. We recognize that the Staff has
not interpreted Rule 14a-8 to require proponents to provide GE and its counsel a
copy of any correspondence that the proponent submits to the Staff. Therefore,
in the interest of a fair and balanced process, we request that the Staff notify
the undersigned if it receives any correspondence on the Proposal from the
Proponent or other persons, unless that correspondence has specifically
confirmed to the Staff that GE or its undersigned counsel have timely been
provided with a copy of the correspondence. If we can provide additional
correspondence to address any questions that the Staff may have with respect to
this no-action request, please do not hesitate to call me at (202) 955-8671 or
Thomas J. Kim, GE's Corporate and Securities Counsel, at (203) 373-2663.
Sincerely,
/s/
Ronald O. Mueller
ROM/sh
Enclosures
cc: Thomas J. Kim, General Electric Company
Thomas J. Borelli
Steven J. Milloy, Action Fund Management, LLC
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 GE's climate change strategy is discussed at page 41 of the GE 2005
Citizenship Report. A copy of the Citizenship Report is available at
http://www.ge.com/en/citizenship/ehs/climate.htm
[INQUIRY LETTER]
December 20, 2005
BY HAND DELIVERY
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: General Electric Company; Shareowner Proposal of Thomas J. Borelli
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 - Rule 14a-8
Dear Ladies and Gentleman,
This letter is on behalf of my client, Mr. Thomas J. Borelli (the "Proponent"),
in response to the December 9, 2005 request by the General Electric Company
("GE" or the "Company") for a letter from the staff of the Division of Corporate
Finance (the "Staff") concurring with GE's view that the above-referenced
Shareowner Proposal (the "Proposal") is excludable pursuant to Rule 14a-8, or in
the alternative, that GE may exclude a certain website citation from the
Proposal.
We believe the Proposal is not excludable for any of the reasons claimed by GE,
nor is the website citation excludable.
THE PROPOSAL
The Proposal states in its entirety:
Global Warming Science
Whereas:
GE's main responsibility is to create shareholder value. Company policy should
be based on sound scientific and economic analyses and not appeasement of
external activist groups. Policy based on faulty analyses or external pressure
may reduce shareholder value. [See http://www.FreeEnterpriseActionFund.com.]
Whereas:
Calls to mitigate alleged manmade climate change rely on suppositions that
manmade greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions significantly impact global climate; that
such climate change will necessarily be undesirable; and that cost-effective
action can mitigate undesirable climate change.
Whereas:
The GE 2005 Citizenship Report states that GE strives to base its public policy
positions on sound facts, detailed analysis and consideration of competing
values, and that GHG emissions need to be reduced around the world.
GE's Ecomagination initiative is partly based on the supposition that human
activity harms global climate and that GHG emissions reductions will mitigate
harm.
Ecomagination's public roll-out included the World Resources Institute, an
environmental organization supporting GHG emission reductions.
Resolved: That, by the 2006 annual shareholder meeting, the Board of Directors
report to shareholders on the scientific and economic analyses relevant to GE's
climate change policy, omitting proprietary information and at reasonable cost.
This report should discuss the:
1. Specific scientific data and studies relied on to formulate GE's climate
change policy.
2. Extent to which GE believes human activity will significantly alter global
climate, whether such change is necessarily undesirable and whether a
cost-effective strategy for mitigating any undesirable change is practical.
3. Estimates of costs and benefits to GE of its climate change policy.
Supporting Statement:
Climate varies significantly because of natural causes. [National Academy of
Sciences (NAS), Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales,
1995.] Twentieth century temperature trends do not correlate well with
concurrent trends in manmade GHG emissions. [Sallie Baliunas, Lecture #758,
Heritage Foundation,
http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/HL758.cfm.]
The mathematical models that attempt to predict future climate change resulting
from manmade GHG emissions have not been validated against historical climate
data [NAS, Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change, 2000.] No
existing model predicts future global climate with certainty [NAS, Radiative
Forcing of Climate Change: Expanding the Concept and Addressing Uncertainties,
2005.]
Warm periods are historically associated with human development and prosperity.
The Vikings thrived in Greenland until the 14\th/ century cold period known as
the "Little Ice Age," when they abandoned settlements because of encroaching sea
ice. The Little Ice Age persisted until the 19\th/ Century and immediately
preceded the current warming trend. [NAS 1995.]
The required GHG emission reductions of the Kyoto Protocol may "avoid" just a
few hundredths of one degree Centigrade of warming through 2050 at an estimated
cost of 0.2% to 2% of GDP per year. [United Nations, Third Assessment Report,
2001.]
The U.S. Senate has rejected mandatory limits on manmade GHG emissions as being
too costly relative to uncertain benefits.
RESPONSES TO GE's CLAIMS
I. The Proposal is not impermissibly vague or indefinite, and GE has the power
to implement the Proposal.
The crux of GE's argument is that the Proposal's reference to the Company's
"climate change policy" would be confusing to shareholders because, GE alleges
that it "does not have a climate change policy" and so shareholders "could not
know what actions GE would be expected to take in response to the Proposal, and
GE would not know what actions would be expected of it if it sought to implement
the Proposal."
Contrary to GE's claim: the Company has a climate change policy; the Company
communicated its climate change policy to shareholders and the public, and took
action to implement its climate change policy; and the Proposal unequivocally
requests that GE take simple and straightforward actions to implement the
Proposal.
GE's "climate change policy," in fact, has been made obvious to shareholders and
the public by both the Company's words and actions.
In summary, GE's publicly announced climate change policy is that manmade
emissions of greenhouse gases need to be reduced to avert harmful manmade
climate change. This policy position has been widely communicated numerous times
to shareholders and the public since at least May 2005 when GE announced its
so-called "Ecomagination" marketing initiative.
A GE media release (Business Wire, May 9. 2005, 10:00 AM GMT) announced a joint
press conference with the World Resources Institute - a nonprofit, public policy
group that advocates the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - that would
"discuss the need for both private sector and public policy leadership to
address climate change and related issues confronting humankind."
A subsequent GE media release on the same day (Business Wire, May 9, 2005, 2:00
PM GMT) stated,
"Ecomagination is GE's commitment to address challenges such as the need for
cleaner, more efficient sources of energy, reduced emissions and abundant
sources of clean water," [CEO Jeff] Immelt said. [Emphasis added]
GE acknowledges in its own publicly-available documents that it takes "positions
on public policy issues," including issues concerning the environment. In
Section 4 of the Company's 2005 GE Citizenship Report, [available online at
http://www.ge.com/files/usa/en/citizenship/pdfs/citizrep2005.pdf] which is
entitled, "Public Policy," GE states that,
GE takes positions on public policy issues that affect the Company as a whole
(for example, trade, tax, environmental and justice issues) as well as its
individual businesses (for example, healthcare policy, energy policy,
communications policy). It is involved at both federal and state levels in the
United States, as well as in major nations and regions around the globe.
In developing these positions, GE proceeds from the general recognition that
companies today operate in a mixed economywith government performing vital
functions in, for example, national defense, foreign policy, public order,
market regulation, environmental protection, education and social safety net
arenas. In performing those functions, government must also ensure that the
engine of a free societyprivate economic activityhas the ability to innovate,
invest and compete. GE strives to advance balanced, long-term public policy
positions that, while in GE's interest, are based on sound facts, detailed
analysis and a weighing of important competing values that lie at the core of
any complex public policy issue. While differences on policy issues are a
hallmark of free societies, GE seeks to advance positions that are responsibly
developed and responsibly presented. [Emphasis added]
It is axiomatic that climate change is an "environmental" issue, one that the
Company considers to be a "public policy" issue. In addition to the May 9, 2005
media releases, supra, Section 5.6.5 of the 2005 GE Citizenship Report states
that
"Participating in efforts to discuss the difficult technological and policy
issues raised by climate change in 2004, GE convened an Energy 2015 conference
with its customers." [Emphasis added]
This statement further demonstrates GE's recognition that climate change is in
the nature of a "policy" issue.
Moreover, GE has publicly announced a clear "policy" concerning climate change.
Section 5.6 of the 2005 GE Citizenship Report, entitled "Climate Change," states
"There will continue to be an increasing need around the world to reduce
greenhouse gases."
This is a clear statement of GE's policy on climate change - i.e., greenhouse
gas emissions need to be reduced. That and similar statements by GE were widely
distributed to shareholders and the public via its web site, media releases,
news conferences, and interviews since May 9, 2005.
Moreover, GE's actions since May 9, 2005 further evidence its "climate change
policy."
On July 13, 2005, GE joined the Pew Center on Global Climate Change's Business
Environmental Leadership Council (the Pew Center"), a nonprofit public policy
group that advocates the need for greenhouse gas emission reductions.
The Pew Center's media release (July 13, 2005) announcing GE's membership
stated, in part:
"When a company like GE stands up and says that climate change is a serious
issue that demands immediate action, people tend to listen. As the newest member
of our business environmental leadership council, we are pleased to have them at
the table as we work to craft acceptable policy here in the United States and
abroad.
"Ecomagination is GE's commitment to address challenges such as the need for
cleaner, more efficient sources of energy and reduced emissions," said Jeffrey
Immelt, GE chairman and CEO. "It is time for the private sector to assume its
rightful place as a major catalyst for environmental change. We believe that the
growing market for environmental technology can get us where we need to be.
"But industry cannot get there alone," Immelt continued. "We need to work in
concert with the government and important groups like the Pew Center to promote
and reward leadership. We are glad to join Pew's effort to work toward these
goals - all keys for our shared future."
GE's membership in the Pew Center is an unequivocal and public manifestation of
its policy that greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced.
GE acknowledges in the 2005 GE Citizenship Report that it joined the "Northeast
Climate Group," a coalition of nine companies organized by the World Resources
Institute, a public policy group that advocates the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions.
GE CEO Jeff Immelt has taken a public position advocating federal legislation to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a stance widely reported in the media. For
example,
"Immelt said in the interview that he would like Congress to pass an energy bill
that set "clear milestones" to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, so that
companies would know clearly how to invest to achieve them." [Washington Post,
May 10, 2005]
GE's public position on global warming has been widely publicized, most
recently, in the Economist (Nov. 17, 2005):
"It is therefore remarkable that Mr Immelt and other senior GE officials now
publicly proclaim that global warming is real, and also call for American
government regulations to deal with it ... Mr Immelt is pushing for action by
America's government on carbon emissions. And he wants to turn GE a deep shade
of green ... He is asking for government intervention on carbon emissions not
just to help the planet ..."
On GE's web site, the Company repeatedly states that its Ecomagination
initiative is good public policy:
"Ecomagination is not only good for society, it's good for business,"
explicitly linking Ecomagination with "good" public policy. [Emphasis added]
[http://ge.ecomagination.com/@v=12092005_1800@/index.html, "Green is green"
link, accessed 12-16-05]
"Ecomagination is our commitment to develop products and solutions that help
our customers, shareholders and the public." [Emphasis added]
[http://ge.com/en/product/ecomagination/index.htm, accessed 12-16-05]
Regardless of how GE attempts to label its climate change policy, the Company
has a clear and publicly expressed policy that manmade greenhouse gas emissions
are harming global climate and must be reduced.
GE's attempt to distinguish a "climate change strategy" from a "climate change
policy" amounts, for practical purposes, to a distinction without a difference,
and constitutes an exaltation of the sort of form-over-substance that has long
been abhorred and renounced by federal law and procedure, including federal
securities laws and regulations.
GE also claims that "the Proposal is excludable under Rule 14a-8 because the
Company alleges it is unable to determine what actions would be required by the
Proposal and, thus, lacks the power to implement the Proposal." But contrary to
GE's alleged confusion, the Proposal is quite straightforward.
The Proposal unequivocally requests that GE report to shareholders on the
"scientific and economic analyses that serve as the bases for GE's climate
change policy," which as described in the Proposal is, "based on the supposition
that human activity harms global climate and that [greenhouse gas emissions]
will mitigate harm." The Proposal further requests that, in the report, GE
discuss the:
1. Specific scientific data and studies relied on to formulate GE's climate
change policy.
2. Extent to which GE believes human activity will significantly alter global
climate, whether such change is necessarily undesirable and whether a
cost-effective strategy for mitigating any undesirable change is practical.
3. Estimates of costs and benefits to GE of its climate change policy.
There is nothing vague about the Proposal. GE's publicly announced policy is
that human activity is adversely impacting global climate. The Proposal simply
requests that GE report to shareholders on its scientific and economic rationale
underlying the Company's climate change policy.
II. The Proposal is not excludable as pertaining to GE's ordinary business
operations.
A. Climate change policy does not constitute ordinary business operations.
GE acknowledges in its letter (page 6) that the Staff already,
"... has concluded that certain environmental-related proposals may focus on
sufficiently significant social policy issues so as to preclude exclusion in
certain circumstances."
As GE has already acknowledged - and touted - in its public statements, climate
change is a significant social policy issue and GE's climate change policy does
not involve ordinary business operations.
B. The Proposal Does Not Involve an Assessment of Risk with Respect to Ordinary
Business Matters
GE claims that the Proposal is excludable because it allegedly seeks "detailed
information on [GE's] assessment of the risks and benefits of aspects of it
business operations that do not raise significant policy issues and instead
delve into the minutiae and details of the ordinary conduct of business."
GE's climate change policy, particularly as it is embodied in the Company's
Ecomagination initiative raises significant policy issues and cannot be
considered as "minutiae and details of the ordinary conduct of business."
By taking a very public position on the scientific and political debate
concerning climate change - including lobbying federal officials for climate
change laws and regulations and participating in activist groups that advocate
for climate change laws and regulations - GE has removed its climate change
policy from the realm of "minutiae and details of the ordinary conduct of
business." GE's climate change policy and Ecomagination are significant company
positions and activities that the Company publicly touts will even benefit
"society." [See e.g., supra, "Ecomagination is not only good for society ..."]
Because GE's climate change policy is a significant policy and not "minutiae and
details of the ordinary conduct of business," the Proposal is not excludable as
an assessment of risk of ordinary business operations. The Proposal asks GE to
report to shareholders on the costs and benefits to its shareholders of a
significant policy position.
The Staff letters cited by GE are not applicable to the Proposal and do not
serve as precedent because in none of the cases - i.e., Wachovia Corp., Chubb
Corp., Cinergy Corp., The Dow Chemical Company, Willamette Industries, Mead
Corp. and Potlatch Corp. - had any of those companies taken any affirmative
steps to remove the underlying subjects of the various proposals out of the
realm of ordinary business operations. GE, in contrast, has gone to great
lengths to tout its climate change policy as a major change and undertaking.
GE's climate change policy is not an "ordinary business matter" and so the
Proposal is not excludable on the grounds that it addresses an assessment of
risk concerning ordinary business matters.
C. The Proposal does not address ordinary business matters and is not
excludable.
The Proposal focus exclusively on GE's climate change policy. Climate change is
a significant social issue. GE has repeatedly acknowledged that climate change
is a significant social issue and has even touted that its climate change policy
will benefit society.
The significant nature of the climate change issue and surrounding public
debate, and GE's affirmative efforts to become involved in that debate and to
influence it, entirely removes GE's climate change policy and actions from the
realm of "ordinary business matters."
III. The citation to the website of the Free Enterprise Action Fund is not
irrelevant and GE may not exclude it from the Proposal.
GE's incorrectly claims that the citation to the Free Enterprise Action Fund
(the "Fund") website is irrelevant to the subject matter of the Proposal.
The Proposal states in part,
Whereas:
GE's main responsibility is to create shareholder value. Company policy should
be based on sound scientific and economic analyses and not appeasement of
external activist groups. Policy based on faulty analyses or external pressure
may reduce shareholder value. [See http://www.FreeEnterpriseActionFund.com.] ...
The Free Enterprise Action Fund's website contains numerous web pages with
material relevant to, and supporting the above-captioned text. The web page at
http://www.freeenterpriseactionfund.com/about.html, for example, discusses the
problems associated with corporate managements appeasing external activists:
Why the Free Enterprise Action Fund? Why now?
Corporations are increasingly under attack by the anti-business movement, i.e.
social activists operating under the banners of "Corporate Social
Responsibility" (CSR) and "Socially Responsible Investing" (SRI). Many of these
activists' agendas and tactics threaten businesses, investor interests, jobs and
the free enterprise system.
Why is "corporate social responsibility" a threat?
CSR activists circumvent our democratic process by trying to implement their
social agendas through businesses rather the public political process. They try
to force businesses to adopt policies and practices outside existing laws and
regulations. These activists define what constitutes "corporate social
responsibility" according to their own political and social beliefs, and then
pressure corporate managements to adopt their agendas. Targeted
corporationsfearing organized boycott, negative publicity, shareholder
controversy, litigation, and/or product disparagementoften choose to appease
these activists.
CSR distracts business from business. CSR activists and initiatives distract
corporate managements from their traditional responsibility of operating
businesses in the long-term best interests of investors. CSR can harm a
company's ability to conduct business based on sound economics, sound science,
and traditional business goals and practices.
Appeasement encourages more anti-business activism. Targeted businesses often
implement CSR initiativeswhich sometimes include giving money to anti-business
activistsin an effort to appease activists, not because the programs make
business sense, benefit shareholders, or even effectively address social or
environmental good. Even after businesses adopt CSR policies, the activists
often continue to criticize them and pursue more demands. Appeased activists are
encouraged, not quieted. At best, appeasement is a short-sighted strategy that
may have long-term adverse effects rippling beyond the bottom line of the
targeted company, to other businesses in the same industry and related
industries and, ultimately, to the American system of free enterprise.
The Free Enterprise Action Fund's website also contains the Fund's prospectus
that provides more explanatory language for the above-caption Proposal text,
including:
"Under the guise of activist-defined "corporate social responsibility" and other
similarly-rooted social behavior concepts, social activists often attempt top
persuade, pressure and compel corporate managements to take actions that may not
be based on sound business practices, sound economics or sound science." [Free
Enterprise Action Fund Prospectus, Page 4,
http://www.freeenterpriseactionfund.com/pdfs/free enterprise prospectus.pdf].
The above-excerpted material, which is uniquely available on the Free Enterprise
Action Fund's website, is relevant to the proposal because it establishes key
philosophical underpinnings for the Proposal - that Company policy should be
based on sound scientific and economic analyses and not appeasement of external
activist groups.
In addition to the Proposal's discussion of scientific and economic information
that tend to raise material questions about GE's climate change policy, GE's
association with the afore-mentioned climate change activist groups - i.e., the
Pew Center on Global Climate Change and the World Resources Institute - raises
legitimate questions about the GE's decision-making process concerning its
climate change policy.
GE's assertion that the citation is irrelevant because the Free Enterprise
Action Fund is a for-profit mutual fund and that Proposal Proponent Mr. Thomas
Borelli is one of the principals of Fund adviser Action Fund Management, LLC is
not supported by any law, legal precedent, fact or common sense. The web site of
the Free Enterprise Action Fund uniquely contains much material directly
relevant to the section of the Proposal in question.
If the Staff deems necessary for purposes of clarification, we would be willing
to amend the Proposal to include one or more specific citations to Free
Enterprise Action Fund website pages in place of the address to the Fund's main
page.
CONCLUSION
Based upon the forgoing analysis, we respectfully request that the Staff reject
GE's request for the Staff to take no action if GE excludes the Proposal or
omits the citation to the Free Enterprise Action Fund website from its 2006
Proxy Materials. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j), enclosed herewith a six copies of
this letter and its attachments. A copy of this correspondence has been timely
provided to GE and its counsel. In the interest of a fair and balanced process,
we request that the Staff notify the undersigned if it receives any
correspondence on the Proposal from GE or other persons, unless that
correspondence has specifically confirmed to the Staff that the Proponent or the
undersigned have timely been provided with a copy of the correspondence. If we
can provide additional correspondence to address any questions that the Staff
may have with respect to this correspondence or GE's no-action request, please
do not hesitate to call me at 301-258-2852.
Sincerely,
/s/
Steven J. Milloy
Enclosures
Cc: Thomas J. Kim, General Electric Company
Ronald O. Mueller, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, LLP
Thomas J. Borelli
[INQUIRY LETTER]
October 31, 2005
Mr. Benjamin W. Heineman
Secretary
General Electric Company
3135 Easton Turnpike
Fairfield, CT 06828
Dear Mr. Heineman:
I hereby submit the enclosed shareholder proposal ("Proposal") for inclusion in
the General Electric Company ("Company") proxy statement to be circulated to
Company shareholders in conjunction with the next annual meeting of
shareholders. The Proposal is submitted under Rule 14(a)-8 (Proposals of
Security Holders) of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's proxy
regulations.
I am the beneficial owner of approximately 85 shares of the Company's common
stock, which shares have been held continuously for more than a year prior to
this date of submission. I intend to hold the shares through the date of the
Company's next annual meeting of shareholders. The attached letter contains the
record holder's appropriate verification of my beneficial ownership of the
afore-mentioned Company stock.
The Proposal is submitted in order to promote shareholder value by ensuring that
Company policy on climate change is based on sound science and economic
analyses.
My designated representative on this matter is Mr. Steven J. Milloy of Action
Fund Management, LLC, 12309 Briarbush Lane, Potomac, MD 20854. Either I or Mr.
Milloy will present the Proposal for consideration at the annual meeting of
shareholders.
If you have any questions or wish to discuss the Proposal, please contact my Mr.
Milloy at 301-258-2852. Copies of correspondence or a request for a "no-action"
letter should be forwarded to Mr. Milloy, c/o Action Fund Management, LLC, 12309
Briarbush Lane, Potomac, MD 20854.
Sincerely,
/s/
Thomas J. Borelli
Owner of GE Common Stock
Enclosures: Shareholder Resolution: Global Warming Science
Letter from Merrill Lynch
Cc. Steven J. Milloy, Action Fund Management, LLC
[APPENDIX]
Global Warming Science
Whereas:
GE's main responsibility is to create shareholder value. Company policy should
be based on sound scientific and economic analyses and not appeasement of
external activist groups. Policy based on faulty analyses or external pressure
may reduce shareholder value. [See http://www.FreeEnterpriseActionFund.com.]
Whereas:
Calls to mitigate alleged manmade climate change rely on suppositions that
manmade greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions significantly impact global climate; that
such climate change will necessarily be undesirable; and that cost-effective
action can mitigate undesirable climate change.
Whereas:
The GE 2005 Citizenship Report states that GE strives to base its public policy
positions on sound facts, detailed analysis and consideration of competing
values, and that GHG emissions need to be reduced around the world.
GE's Ecomagination initiative is partly based on the supposition that human
activity harms global climate and that GHG emissions reductions will mitigate
harm.
Ecomagination's public roll-out included the Word Resources Institute, an
environmental organization supporting GHG emission reductions.
Resolved: That, by the 2006 annual shareholder meeting, the Board of Directors
report to shareholders on the scientific and economic analyses relevant to GE's
climate change policy, omitting proprietary information and at reasonable cost.
This report should discuss the:
1. Specific scientific data and studies relied on to formulate GE's climate
change policy.
2. Extent to which GE believes human activity will significantly alter global
climate, whether such change is necessarily undesirable and whether a
cost-effective strategy for mitigating any undesirable change is practical.
3. Estimates of costs and benefits to GE of its climate change policy.
Supporting Statement:
Climate varies significantly because of natural causes. [National Academy of
Sciences (NAS), Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales,
1995.] Twentieth century temperature trends do not correlate well with
concurrent trends in manmade GHG emissions. [Sallie Baliunas, Lecture #758,
Heritage Foundation,
http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/HL758.cfm.]
The mathematical models that attempt to predict future climate change resulting
from manmade GHG emissions have not been validated against historical climate
data [NAS, Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change, 2000.] No
existing model predicts future global climate with certainty [NAS, Radiative
Forcing of Climate Change: Expanding the Concept and Addressing Uncertainties,
2005.]
Warm periods are historically associated with human development and prosperity.
The Vikings thrived in Greenland until the 14\th/ century cold period known as
the "Little Ice Age," when they abandoned settlements because of encroaching sea
ice. The Little Ice Age persisted until the 19\th/ Century and immediately
preceded the current warming trend. [NAS 1995.]
The required GHG emission reductions of the Kyoto Protocol may "avoid" just a
few hundredths of one degree Centigrade of warming through 2050 at an estimated
cost of 0.2% to 2% of GDP per year. [United Nations, Third Assessment Report,
2001.]
The U.S. Senate has rejected mandatory limits on manmade GHG emissions as being
too costly relative to uncertain benefits.
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
January 17, 2006
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: General Electric Company Incoming letter dated December 9, 2005
The proposal requires the board of directors to report to shareholders, by the
2006 annual meeting of shareholders, on the scientific and economic analyses
relevant to GE's climate change policy.
We are unable to concur in your view that GE may exclude the proposal or
portions of the supporting statement under rule 14a-8(i)(3). Accordingly, we do
not believe that GE may omit the proposal or portions of the supporting
statement from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(3).
We are unable to concur in your view that GE may exclude the proposal under rule
14a-8(i)(6). Accordingly, we do not believe that GE may omit the proposal from
its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(6).
We are unable to concur in your view that GE may exclude the proposal under rule
14a-8(i)(7). Accordingly, we do not believe that GE may omit the proposal from
its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(7).
Sincerely,
/s/
Mark F. Vilardo
Special Counsel |