Company Name: Becton, Dickinson and Co.
Public Availability Date: November 14, 2006
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
September 29, 2006
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Dear Sir or Madam:
On behalf of Becton, Dickinson and Company, a New Jersey
corporation ("BD" and, together with its subsidiaries, the "Company"), and
in accordance with Rule 14a-8(j) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, we are filing this letter with respect to a certain shareholder
proposal and supporting statement submitted by Peter Bell (the "Proponent"),
on June 13, 2006 (the "Proposal") for inclusion in the proxy materials BD
intends to distribute in connection with its 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
(the "2007 Proxy Materials"). We hereby request confirmation that the staff
of the Office of Chief Counsel (the "Staff") will not recommend any enforcement
action if, in reliance on certain provisions of Rule 14a-8, BD omits the
Proposal from its 2007 Proxy Materials. BD expects to file its definitive
proxy materials with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission")
on or about December 20, 2006. Accordingly, pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j), this
letter is being filed with the Commission no later than 80 days before BD
files its definitive 2007 Proxy Materials.
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j) and Staff Legal Bulletin No.
14C, we are enclosing herewith: (1) six copies of each of this letter, the
supporting opinion of counsel as to the Proposal's violation of New Jersey
law, the supporting opinion of counsel as to the Proposal's violation of
non-U.S. law and the Proposal; and (2) a letter from the Company to the
Proponent notifying the Proponent of the Proposal's procedural deficiencies
and the Proponent's response. We are also enclosing six copies of the supporting
opinion of counsel as to the Proposal's violation of federal law. A copy
of this submission is being sent simultaneously to the Proponent as notification
of the Company's intention to omit the Proposal from its 2007 Proxy Materials.
This letter constitutes the Company's statement of the reasons it deems
the omission of the Proposal to be proper. We have been advised by the Company
as to the factual matters set forth herein.
The Proposal, if adopted, would require BD's Board of
Directors "to prevent the investment of any of the companys [sic] funds
in shares in any of their pension schemes, which are shares in companies
wholly or partly engaged in the manufacture of cigarettes." The Proposal
further requires that, "[t]he Board of Directors shall give effect to this
proposal by instructing local management to convey to their pension administrators
not to purchase shares in such companies and to dispose of any already held."
1
Statements of Reasons to Exclude
The Company believes that the Proposal may properly be
excluded from its proxy statement under Rule 14a-8(i)(1) and Rule 14a-8(i)(2)
for the reasons discussed below.
Rule 14a-8(i)(2)
Under Rule 14a-8(i)(2), a proposal may be properly omitted
where, if implemented, it would "cause the company to violate any state,
federal or foreign law to which it is subject."
If implemented, the Company believes that the Proposal
would cause the Company to violate federal law under the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"). We have included a supporting opinion
of outside counsel to the Company in Appendix A detailing the violations
of ERISA that implementation of the Proposal would entail. Furthermore,
implementation of the Proposal would cause the Company to violate laws in
other jurisdictions in which it maintains various pension plans,
2 including the United Kingdom, under laws in those jurisdictions
similar to ERISA, as explained further in the attached supporting opinion
of outside counsel to the trustees for the Company's United Kingdom pension
plans in Appendix B.
3
Currently, the Company maintains several tax-qualified
defined benefit pension plans covering substantially all of its employees
in the United States and certain non-U.S. locations. Defined benefit pension
plan assets on a consolidated global basis totaled approximately $934 million
as of September 30, 2005, the most recent measurement date for global assets,
including $672 million in U.S. plans and $92 million in plans in the United
Kingdom.
As of June 30, 2006, U.S. defined benefit pension plan
assets were approximately $811 million and defined contribution plan assets
were approximately $1,095 million.
4 Of these total U.S. qualified plan assets of nearly $2 billion,
approximately $5 million-or 0.25%-was invested through various funds in
companies that manufacture cigarettes.
The Company, through its Investment Committee, which is
comprised of members of management, serves as the fiduciary for substantially
all qualified plan assets in the U.S. In jurisdictions outside of the U.S.,
fiduciaries for pension plans are generally groups of trustees unaffiliated
with management.
ERISA requires pension plan fiduciaries to exercise their
duties "for the exclusive purpose of ... providing benefits to participants
and their beneficiaries." 29 U.S.C. §1104(a)(1)(A). The Department of Labor
has interpreted the fiduciary standards of Section 403 and 404 of ERISA
to preclude investment activities pursued for non-economic ends. In an advisory
opinion relating to the selection of a socially-responsible fund as a pension
plan investment, the Department of Labor stated that:
the Department has construed the requirements that a fiduciary
act solely in the interest of, and for the exclusive purpose of providing
benefits to participants and beneficiaries, as prohibiting a fiduciary from
subordinating the interests of participants and beneficiaries in their retirement
income to unrelated objectives.... [A] fiduciary must ordinarily consider
only factors relating to the interests of plan participants and beneficiaries
in their retirement income. A decision to make an investment ... may not
be influenced by non-economic factors unless the investment ultimately chosen
for the plan, when judged solely on the basis of its economic value, would
be equal to or superior to alternative available investments.
DOL Adv. Op. 98-04A (May 28, 1998) (footnote omitted)
(emphasis added).
In a no-action letter addressing a shareholder proposal
similar to the Proponent's, the Staff expressed a view similar to the Department
of Labor's, stating that shareholder proposals requiring the divestment
of pension funds for social policy reasons are inconsistent with ERISA fiduciary
duties, and that such proposals are excludable under Rule 14a-8(c)(2) (the
predecessor rule to Rule 14a-8(i)(2)). See American Telephone & Telegraph,
SEC No-Action Letter, 1985 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 2838, at *1 (Dec. 16, 1985).
In American Telephone & Telegraph, the SEC considered a proposal that would
have required the company to divest pension fund assets from companies conducting
business in South Africa which did not adhere to the Sullivan Principles,
which required South African companies to refrain from discrimination in
the workplace. Because the proposal would have "require[d] the [c]ompany
as named fiduciary of the Pension Fund to take steps which would place the
fiduciary in jeopardy of breaching its obligations under ERISA," the proposal
was excludable under Rule 14a-8(c)(2). Id.
Divesting pension assets from companies involved in cigarette
manufacturing would cause the Investment Committee and other fiduciaries
for the Company's pension plans to violate their fiduciary duties under
ERISA by placing social policy concerns above the plan participants' financial
interests. Additionally, merely setting up the procedures to implement a
divesture strategy would have a large negative financial impact on the pension
plans, translating into decreased retirement security for Company employees.
The process is especially costly and complicated because certain pension
assets are invested in commingled funds, making carve-outs for companies
involved in cigarette manufacturing virtually impossible. By way of illustration,
the Company has estimated that adding a tobacco-screened fund to the Barclays
Global Alpha Tilts fund (which includes investments in tobacco companies)
alone would cost an additional $350,000 per year. In addition, suitable
separately-managed accounts would need to be found to replace other commingled
funds, at the cost of sacrificing the economies of scale that these commingled
funds achieve.
Furthermore, the Company simply does not have the power
to force the trustees of the United Kingdom pension plans to alter their
investment strategies (short of taking drastic action by removing the trustees
entirely). As the trustees' outside counsel states in her opinion letter,
for the Company "to force the Trustees to act in accordance with the shareholder
proposal ... would not be permissible given the legal and regulatory framework
within which the Trustees operate." See Appendix B, at 3 (emphasis added).
5
Based on the foregoing, the Company believes that the
Proposal may be properly excluded from its 2007 Proxy Materials under Rule
14a-8(i)(2), as implementing the Proposal would cause the Company to violate
federal and foreign law.
Rule 14a-8(i)(1)
Under Rule 14a-8(i)(1), a proposal may be excluded if
it "is not a proper subject for action by shareholders under the laws of
the jurisdiction of the company's organization."
The Staff has explained that a mandatory proposal is improper
under state law rules that authorize a company's Board of Directors to manage
the business of a company because the proposal, if implemented, would compromise
such authority. See, e.g., Johnson & Johnson, SEC No-Action Letter, 2004
SEC No- Act. LEXIS 20, at *
1 (Jan. 13, 2004). The Company is incorporated in New Jersey and
is governed by the New Jersey Business Corporation Act, which vests the
Company's Board of Directors with the authority to manage the Company's
business. See NJ Business Corporation Act §14A:6-1. The Proposal resolves
that the Company's Board of Directors "prevent the investment of any of
the company['s] [pension] funds" in companies that are involved in the manufacture
of cigarettes and states that the Board of Directors "shall give effect
to this proposal by instructing local management to convey to their pension
administrators not to purchase shares in such companies and to dispose of
any already held." See Proposal, Appendix D (emphasis added). The Proposal
does not "request" or "recommend" that the Company cease investing its pension
funds in particular businesses; the Proposal is a mandatory proposal, which,
if implemented, would require the Company to divest its pension funds' holdings
in any company involved in cigarette manufacturing and prohibit future investments
in the same. If approved, the Proposal would compromise the authority of
the Company's Board of Directors to manage the Company's business in contravention
of New Jersey state law, as the Board of Directors would be required to
instruct the managers of Company employee pension funds to take certain
divestiture actions and place limitations on their investment strategies.
Furthermore, for both New Jersey companies and companies
incorporated in states with laws similar to NJ Business Corporation Act
§14A:6-1, the Staff has required shareholders to recast mandatory proposals
as recommendations or requests in order to have the proposal included in
a company's proxy statement. See, e.g., Johnson & Johnson, at *1 (Jan. 13,
2004) (permitting a New Jersey company to exclude a proposal mandating a
cessation of charitable contributions unless recast as a recommendation
or request); American Elec. Power Co., SEC No-Action Letter, 2002 SEC No-Act.
LEXIS 67 (Jan. 16, 2002) (permitting a New York company to exclude a proposal
mandating director term limits unless recast as a recommendation or request);
Alaska Air Group, Inc., SEC No-Action Letter, 2000 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 479
(Mar. 26, 2000) (permitting a Delaware company to exclude a mandatory proposal
that the company reinstate simple majority voting on all matters submitted
to a shareholder vote unless recast as a recommendation or request); SL
Indus., Inc., SEC No-Action Letter, 1999 SEC No-Act. LEXIS 715, at *1 (Aug.
30, 1999) (permitting a New Jersey company to exclude a proposal mandating
that, whenever a cash offer is received to buy the company for 20% or more
than its market value, the offer be presented to shareholders for acceptance
or rejection unless recast as a recommendation or request). We have attached
hereto as Appendix C a supporting opinion from BD's in-house counsel, who
is admitted to the New Jersey State Bar, further articulating the Proposal's
violation of New Jersey law.
The Company believes that the Proposal may be excluded
from its 2007 Proxy Materials under Rule 14a-8(i)(1) because it is phrased
as a mandate that improperly limits the authority granted by the state corporate
law rules of New Jersey to the Board of Directors of BD to manage the business
of the Company.
* * *
The Company respectfully requests confirmation that the
Staff will not recommend any enforcement action if, in reliance on the foregoing,
BD omits the Proposal from its 2007 Proxy Materials. If the Staff does not
concur with the Company's position, we would appreciate an opportunity to
confer with the Staff concerning these matters prior to the issuance of
its Rule 14a-8 response.
Please call the undersigned at (212) 450-4131 if you should
have any questions or need additional information or as soon as a Staff
response is available. Please acknowledge receipt of this filing by date-stamping
the enclosed additional copy of this letter and returning it to our messenger.
Respectfully yours,
/s/
Sarah Beshar
Attachment
cc w/ att: Peter Bell
Jeffrey S. Sherman, esq. (Becton, Dickinson and Company)
Dean J. Paranicas, esq. (Becton, Dickinson and Company)
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 The Proposal, together with subsequent correspondence between
the Proponent and BD, is attached hereto as Appendix D.
2 In addition to being impermissible under ERISA and the laws
of the United Kingdom, the Company believes that the Proposal would violate
the laws of Ireland, under laws and rationale not materially different from
those relevant to the Company's pensioh plans in the United Kingdom.
3 In summary, pension investments in the United Kingdom are subject
to laws similar to ERISA, in that investments must be made to maximize the
financial benefits to the funds' beneficiaries. Investments made based on
other considerations violate such laws unless the investment returns are
prospectively anticipated to be equal to or greater than other potential
investments. The supporting opinion in Appendix B is addressed to the trustees
of the pension scheme for Becton Dickinson UK Limited (a subsidiary of BD).
4 In the U.S., in addition to the defined benefit plans, the Company
maintains several qualified defined contribution plans (referred to as Section
401(k) Plans).
5 We are aware of the Staff's position in Aetna Life and Cas.
Co. (Feb. 28, 1991), where the Staff did not concur with Aetna's position
that it could exclude a proposal that requested that Aetna establish a review
committee to report on the impact of smoking on, among other things, Aetna's
investment policies. The Staff noted that Aetna's proposal, if adopted,
would merely require the company to provide a report and not to change its
investment policies relating to, or divest itself of, tobacco company equities.
The Proposal, however, explicitly requires the Company to pursue a divesture
strategy and alter its investment policies, as was the requirement in AT&T
with regard to the Sullivan Principles. As such, the Proposal, if adopted,
would directly lead to, among other violations, violations of ERISA and
certain laws of the United Kingdom. See also note 2.
[INQUIRY LETTER]
TRANSCRIPTION
Corporate Secretary
BD
1 Becton Drive
Franklin Lakes
New Jersey 07417-1880
Mr. Peter Bell
106 Brookville
Drogheda
Co. Louth
Ireland
8 6 2006
Dear Mr. Secretary:
I attach a share holder proposal for the 2007 Annual Meeting.
This for inclusion in BD proxy materials. I note the latest date is 21 August
2006 for submitting proposals.
Should there be anything in my proposal that would prevent
it being put before the shareholders for vote, please let me know immediately
and I will correct it. The main thrust of the proposal will of course remain.
I would appreciate an acknowledgement that you received
the proposal.
Yours sincerely,
Peter Bell
Resolved: that the shareholders of Becton Dickinson assembled
in annual meeting in person and by proxy, hereby instruct the Board of Directors
to prevent the investment of any of the companys [SIC] funds in shares in
any of their pension schemes, which are shares in companies wholly or partly
engaged in the manufacture of cigarettes.
The Board of Directors shall give effect to this proposal
by instructing local management to convey to their pension administrators
not to purchase shares in such companies and to dispose of any already held.
Local management shall mean any person or persons managing
a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, or managing a company in which
Becton Dickinson holds the controlling interest.
Reasons: It is universally accepted that cigarette smoking
is seriously damaging to peoples [SIC] health. It is therefore totally inconsistent
and hypocritical that a company engaged in the manufacture of instruments
and apparatus to prevent or cure illness or enhance people's health would
be part of something which would have the opposite effect. (BD. Helping
all people live healthy lives).
Peter Bell This graphic not available in DOS This graphic
not available in DOS
[INQUIRY LETTER]
September 26, 2006
Dean J. Paranicas
Vice President, Corporate Secretary and Public Policy
Becton, Dickinson and Company
1 Becton Drive
Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417
Re: Sharcholder's Proposal Prohibiting Plan Investment
in Cigarette Manufacturers
Dear Dean:
You have asked for our opinion as to the consequences
under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA")
of a proposed shareholder proposal that would require the Board of Directors
of Becton, Dickinson and Company ("the Company") to prohibit the investment
of certain qualified retirement plan funds in companies that are wholly
or partly engaged in the manufacture of cigarettes (for ease of reference,
these companies will be referred to as "cigarette manufacturers" even though
they might only be partly engaged in the manufacture of cigarettes).
1
Background
Under the terms of the Company's Savings Incentive Plan
("SIP") and Retirement Plan ("the Retirement Plan"), the Investment Committee
is the named fiduciary responsible for selecting investment options and,
with respect to the Retirement Plan, the actual investment of Plan assets.
The SIP and Retirement Plan specifically provide that the fiduciary responsibility
for making investment decisions resides exclusively with the Investment
Committee. The proposed shareholder proposal would instruct the Company's
Board of Directors to prevent the investment of any SIP or Retirement Plan
assets in any companies that are wholly or partly engaged in the manufacture
of cigarettes. The Company (through various subsidiaries and affiliates)
maintains other ERISA-covered retirement plans covering employees at specific
subsidiaries and affiliates. It is not clear whether the proposed shareholder
proposal would apply to those other plans; nevertheless, the legal issues
raised in this letter would apply equally to any similar restriction applicable
to such plans.
Law and Analysis
Under ERISA, plan fiduciaries must discharge their duties
solely in the interest of participants and beneficiaries and for the exclusive
purpose of providing benefits to participants and their beneficiaries and
defraying reasonable expenses of administering the plan. ERISA §404(a)(1)(A).
This is also known as the "exclusive benefit rule."
With respect to plan investments, ERISA sections 403 and
404 require plan fiduciaries to act prudently and diversify plan investments
to minimize the risk of large losses, unless it is clearly prudent not to
do so under the circumstances. As a technical matter, whether an investment
decision made by a fiduciary is prudent is viewed from the perspective of
the process undertaken at the time a decision is made (including the procedural
process and the substantive review); it is not to be evaluated with the
benefit of hindsight. See, e.g., American Communications Ass'n v. Retirement
Plan for Employees of RCA Corp., 488 F. Supp. 479, 483 (1980, DC NY), affd
without op., 646 F2d 559 (2d Cir. 1980) ("The standard to be applied is
that of conduct, tested at the time of an investment decision, not that
of performance judged from the vantage point of hindsight.").
These exclusive benefit and prudence standards apply to
the selection and monitoring of plan investments and investment alternatives
in a plan where participants have the right to direct investments of their
accounts, such as the SIP, and to the decision of how to invest plan assets
in a pension plan, such as the Retirement Plan. Fiduciaries cannot act in
a way to serve their own interests or interests other than those that serve
to benefit plan participants and beneficiaries.
In addition, under Department of Labor ("DOL") Regulation
section 2550.404a-1, a fiduciary satisfies the prudence requirement of ERISA
Section 404(a)(1)(B) if "(1) the fiduciary making an investment or engaging
in an investment course of action has given appropriate consideration to
those facts and circumstances that, given the scope of the fiduciary's investment
duties, the fiduciary knows or should know are relevant, and (2) the fiduciary
acts accordingly."
In 1988, the DOL analyzed this standard in light of certain
proposals related to disinvestment in companies that conduct business in
South Africa. In DOL Advisory Opinion 88-16A, the DOL indicated that making
recommendations concerning socially-responsible investing would not violate
ERISA sections 403 and 404. Specifically, the DOL stated "... it appears
that the recommendations of the UAW regarding companies which conduct business
in South Africa and which have not endorsed the so-called 'Sullivan Principles'
are merely advisory in nature and, thus, will not inappropriately limit
the investment alternatives available to the Plan's investment managers.
Accordingly, it is the Department's opinion that such recommendations ...
would not be inconsistent with the requirements of section 403(c) and 404(a)(1)
of ERISA.". The DOL was careful to note, however, that blanket investment
restrictions, without applying a more detailed prudence analysis, would
violate ERISA. In this regard, the DOL stated "[a] decision to make an investment
may not be influenced by non-economic factors unless the investment, when
judged solely on the basis of its economic value to the plan, would be equal
or superior to alternative investments available to the plan."
In 1994, the DOL followed this line of reasoning in issuing
Interpretive Bulletin 94-1 ("94-1"), which applied the ERISA fiduciary rules
to "economically targeted investments" ("ETIs"). ETIs are investments selected
for an economic benefit they create aside from the investment return generated
to the plan. The DOL construed the ERISA section 403 and 404 requirements
discussed above to prohibit fiduciaries "from subordinating the interests
of participant and beneficiaries in their retirement income to unrelated
objectives."
2 Instead, the DOL established a standard whereby a plan fiduciary
could invest in an ETI only if the plan fiduciary could demonstrate that
the chosen ETI investment option was at least as prudent, taking into account
the likely risk and return, as other investments that the plan could make.
The proposed restriction on investment in stocks of cigarette
manufacturers is not an ETI, but would seem to fall into the category of
investment known as "socially-responsible" investments. A socially-responsible
investment is one that the fund managers believe make a significant contribution
to society through their products, services, and the way they do business.
3 In Advisory Opinion 98-04A (May 28, 1998), the DOL extended
its long-held legal position on these matters to investment in socially-responsible
investments by ERISA fiduciaries.
4
The DOL noted that ERISA Sections 403 and 404 do not preclude
the choice of investments that result in benefits to society; however, the
existence of such collateral benefits cannot be the decisive factor in making
the investment selection, except in limited circumstances. Specifically,
much like in Advisory Opinion 88-16A and Interpretive Bulletin 94-1, Advisory
Opinion 98-04A noted that such socially-responsible investments would only
avoid a violation of ERISA sections 403 and 404 if the fiduciary determines
that the investment option with collateral societal benefits is expected
to provide a return on investment commensurate to the other investment choices
having similar degrees of risk.
DOL Advisory Opinion 98-04A specifically provides that,
"[a] decision to make an investment, or to designate an investment alternative,
may not be influenced by non-economic factors unless the investment ultimately
chosen for the plan, when judged solely on the basis of its economic value,
would be equal to or superior to alternative available investments."
5 The DOL further explained that fiduciaries must consider many
things when selecting plan investments, including the role of the selected
investment in the plan's investment portfolio, by taking into account diversification,
liquidity, and risk/return characteristics of the investment choices.
Thus, the available guidance indicates that if the likely
returns (after considering transaction and market impact costs), relative
to risk, of a socially-responsible investment are less than those of otherwise
available investments, then a fiduciary cannot consider social consequences
in making the investment decision to favor the socially-responsible investment.
We note that this analysis is not a simple analysis and most plan fiduciaries
would have to rely on the opinions of investment experts to evaluate these
factors.
Conclusions
The proposed shareholder proposal would require the Company's
Board of Directors to impose a general prohibition on investment of ERISA
plan assets in companies wholly or partly engaged in the manufacture of
cigarettes. The proposal would apply not only to new ERISA plan investments
but also to existing investments which would have to be sold. Because this
restriction on investing in cigarette manufacturers would be a socially-responsible
investment decision based solely on non-economic factors, following this
directive would violate ERISA's fiduciary standards as explained above.
In addition to the foregoing discussion, there are certain
other points for you to consider. First, as a practical matter, a blanket
prohibition on investments in cigarette manufacturers would be nearly impossible
in the SIP. The SIP currently maintains 10 investment funds (including a
series of lifecycle funds). It is not possible to force these independently-managed
funds to divest their holdings in cigarette manufacturers. Therefore, imposing
an investment restriction that forces liquidation of these interests would
force an arbitrary liquidation of some existing fund options and create
significant limitations on the availability of new investment fund options
for SIP.
Similarly, the Retirement Plan investment management is
done through agreements with various investment managers. To force these
managers to screen their investments to exclude investments in cigarette
manufacturers would likely increase the cost of investment significantly
(thereby reducing the overall rate of return) and may limit the number of
managers who would be willing to provide investment managements services.
For example, you have indicated that the Retirement Plan
is currently invested in certain Russell investment funds. As you indicated,
there are no available alternatives at Russell that would preclude investment
in cigarette manufacturers. Thus, a screening restriction would result in
the total disruption of the Russell relationship. Therefore, the two Russell
funds, which the Investment Committee considers the most appropriate investments
in their asset classes, would have to be replaced with alternatives that
are sub-optimal. You have estimated that the replacement of the Russell
funds would necessitate the payment to Russell of significant amounts in
additional consulting fees, in order for Russell to continue providing pension
consulting services.
If you have any further questions with respect to the
matters discussed above, please let us know.
Very truly yours,
McDermott Will & Emery LLP
By: /s/
Paul M. Hamburger
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 This letter only addresses the ERISA fiduciary requirements
impacted by the proposed shareholder proposal and does not address other
laws that may be relevant to analyzing the legal implications of the shareholder'
proposal. In addition, as we discussed, the shareholder proposal is very
unclear as to how to determine whether a company is engaged "wholly or partly"
in the manufacture of cigarettes. As we discussed, this letter is limited
to a discussion of the legal consequences under ERISA and not the other
practical issues raised by the proposal. In addition, we note that this
letter is written to Becton, Dickinson and Company acting in its capacity
as employee benefit plan sponsor and not acting as a fiduciary of any of
the employee benefit plans referred to herein.
2 See DOL Interpretive Bulletin 94-1.
3 See DOL Advisory Opinion No. 98-04A (May 28, 1998).
4 The DOL has also issued opinion letters dealing with other investments
based on various social purposes which came to similar conclusions. See,
e.g., DOL Advisory Opinion Letter Nos. 88-16A and 85-36A.
5 See DOL Advisory Opinion No. 98-04A (May 28, 1998).
[INQUIRY LETTER]
Trustees of the Becton Dickinson Pension Scheme for UK
Employees
c/o Julie Arnold
Becton Dickinson UK Limited
21 Between Towns Road
Cowley
Oxford
OX4 3LY
Our ref JSF/GAR/BEC.047-0003
Your ref
Date 27 September 2006
Dear Julie
Becton Dickinson Pension Scheme for UK Employees (the
"Scheme")
I understand that Becton Dickinson UK Limited as Principal
Employer of the Scheme has made the Trustees of the Scheme ("the Trustees")
aware of a shareholder proposal that requires the Board of Directors of
Becton, Dickinson & Company (the Principal Employers ultimate holding company)
to prohibit investments by certain retirement plan funds, including the
Scheme, in companies that are wholly or partly engaged in the manufacture
of cigarettes.
1 BACKGROUND
1.1 Under UK law the Scheme is an entirely separate legal
entity from the Principal Employer and as a result the Principal Employer
does not control the Scheme. The assets of the Scheme are held by the Trustees,
under a trust arrangement.
1.2 Under Clause 5(b) of the Trust Deed and Rules of the
Scheme dated 1 August 1983 ("the Trust Deed and Rules") the Trustees are
solely responsible for the investment of the assets of the Scheme. This
dovetails with Section 34(1) of the Pensions Act 1995, which states that
Trustees have the same power to make an investment of any kind as if they
were absolutely entitled to the assets of the Scheme. The Trustees are only
required to consult with the Principal Employer as to the policy for the
investment of the assets of the Scheme - this means that the Trustees do
not need to obtain the agreement of the Principal Employer before investment
decisions are taken. Therefore, the Trustees could choose to ignore entirely
any submissions made by the Principal Employer during the consultation process.
1.3 In addition, under Section 36 of the Pensions Act
1995 before investing in any manner the Trustees must obtain and consider
"proper advice" in writing. The advice must be from an investment adviser
who is either regulated under the Financial Services and Market Act 2000,
or is qualified by his ability in and practical experience of financial
matters and has the appropriate knowledge and experience of the management
of the investment of the assets of pension schemes.
2 LAW
2.1 The Trustees must exercise their investment powers
in the best interests of both present and future members of the Scheme,
treating the different classes of member impartially. Case law
1 confirms that as the purpose of the Scheme is to provide financial
benefit to its members, the best interests of the members is normally achieved
by obtaining the best possible financial return.
2.2 When the Trustees are making investment decisions
they must put to one side their own interests and views. The Trustees may
be firmly opposed to investment in cigarette manufacturers, however if available
investments of this type would be more beneficial to the members than other
available investments, the Trustees must not refrain from making those investments.
2.3 The Trustees actions are also subject to a regulatory
framework. The Pensions Regulator's guidance on this issue supports the
guidance provided to date under case law and states, "It is also the trustees'
duty to act in the best interests of the scheme beneficiaries. As far as
investments are concerned this normally means their best financial interests
... you should put aside your personal views on the ethical aspects of particular
investments and get the best financial return that is achievable at the
desired level of security and risk. However, you can consider non-financial
matters when comparing investments with the same potential return. So you
can choose a particular investment which you find more attractive for ethical
reasons, as long as the ethical investment is likely to perform as well
as, or better than, the non-ethical investment."
2.4 Accordingly the paramount duty of the Trustees is
to provide the greatest financial benefits for the present and future members.
If the Trustees take a decision on social and ethical grounds alone they
are likely to be criticised by the membership. If in fact the alternate
investment taken on social or moral grounds is equally beneficial, for example
has an equal financial performance to the investment in cigarette manufacturers
then criticism of the decision would be hard to sustain. If however, the
replacement investment in fact proved less beneficial then the Trustees
would be open to criticism and an action against them for breach of trust.
2.5 The conclusions to be drawn are that investment responsibility
lies with the Trustees (subject to consultation with the Principal Employer)
and that social and ethical criteria alone without reference to the performance
of the alternate investments is not appropriate for determining the investments
of the Scheme.
3 CONCLUSION
3.1 As stated above, the investment power in respect of
the assets under the Scheme is solely in the hands of the Trustees, subject
to consultation with the Principal Employer (whose guidance does not need
to be implemented). For the Principal Employer of the Scheme to force the
Trustees to act in accordance with the shareholder proposal, which would
be to stop investments in cigarettes manufacturers without reference to
the financial performance of alternative investments, would not be permissible
given the legal and regulatory framework within which the Trustees operate.
If you have any questions in respect of the above, please
do not hesitate to contact me.
Yours sincerely
/s/
Georgina Rankin
Hammonds
Solicitors
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 Cowan and others v Scargill and others [1985] Ch 270 - [1984]
2 All ER 750 [1984] 2 WLR 501 - [1990] PLR 169 - [1984] ICR 646 - [1984]
IRLR 260 - (1984) 81 LSG 2463 - (1984) 128 SJ Martin v The City of Edinburgh
District Council [1989] PLR - [1988] SLT 329
[APPENDIX]
Appendix C
September 29, 2006
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Dear Sir or Madam:
I understand that Becton, Dickinson and Company, a New
Jersey corporation (the "Company" or "BD") received a shareholder proposal
and supporting statement from Peter Bell (the "Proponent") on June 13, 2006
(the "Proposal") that the Proponent intends to have included in the Company's
proxy material relating to its 2007 Annual Meeting.
I have reviewed the letter from Sarah Beshar of Davis
Polk & Wardwell to the Securities and Exchange Commission, dated as of September
29, 2006 (the "DPW Letter"), the Proposal and such other documents as I
have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinion set forth
herein.
This will advise you that, in my opinion, the Proposal
is, under the laws of the State of New Jersey, not a proper subject for
action by BD's shareholders and, therefore, it may be omitted from BD's
2007 proxy statement and form of proxy pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(1) under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. I therefore concur in the
analysis of New Jersey law set forth in the DPW Letter.
I understand that BD intends to file a copy of this opinion
with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j)(2)(iii)
and I consent to such filing.
I am licensed to practice law and a member in good standing
of the Bar of the State of New Jersey. I have reviewed the New Jersey Business
Corporation Act (the "Act") and the Company's certificate of incorporation
(the "Certificate"). Nothing in the Act or the Certificate suggests that
any entityother than the Boardis responsible for the business and affairs
of the Company. For purposes of this opinion, I do not purport to be an
expert on the laws of any jurisdiction other than the laws of the State
of New Jersey and applicable laws of the United States of America, and I
express no opinion herein as to the effect of any other laws.
Very truly yours,
/s/
Dean J. Paranicas
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
November 14, 2006
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation
Finance
Re: Becton, Dickinson and Company Incoming letter dated
September 29, 2006
The proposal requires the board to prevent the investment
of any company funds in companies wholly or partly engaged in the manufacture
of cigarettes.
There appears to be some basis for your view that Becton,
Dickinson may exclude the proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(1), as an improper
subject for shareholder action under applicable state law. It appears that
this defect could be cured, however, if the proposal was recast as a recommendation
or request to the board of directors. Accordingly, unless the proponent
provides Becton, Dickinson with a proposal revised in this manner, within
seven calendar days after receiving this letter, we will not recommend enforcement
action to the Commission if Becton, Dickinson omits the proposal from its
proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(1).
We are unable to conclude that Becton, Dickinson has met
its burden of establishing that the proposal would violate applicable federal
law. Accordingly, we do not believe that Becton, Dickinson may omit the
proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(2).
Sincerely,
/s/
Ted Yu
Special Counsel
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