Company Name: Cisco Systems, Inc.
Public Availability Date: August 31, 2005
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX 1
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX 2
INQUIRY LETTER
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
July 6, 2005
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, DC 20549
Re: Omission of Shareholder Proposal Submitted by Boston Common Asset
Management, LLC and Domini Social Investments
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are writing on behalf of our client Cisco Systems, Inc., a California
corporation ("Cisco"), to inform you that Cisco intends to omit from its proxy
card and other proxy materials for Cisco's 2005 annual meeting of shareholders,
the following proposal (the "Proposal") from each of Boston Common Asset
Management, LLC and Domini Social Investments (the "Proponents"):
"Shareholders request the Board to prepare a report to shareholders, at
reasonable expense and omitting proprietary information, describing the progress
toward development and implementation of a Company Human Rights policy and the
plan for implementation with partners and resellers by May 31, 2006."
On behalf of Cisco, pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j) under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, we respectfully request confirmation that the staff (the
"Staff") of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") will not
recommend enforcement action if, for the reasons stated below, Cisco excludes
the Proposal from its proxy card and other proxy materials to be distributed to
Cisco's shareholders in connection with its 2005 annual meeting.
A copy of the letter from each of the Proponents to Cisco submitting the
Proposal is enclosed. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j)(2), six additional copies of
this letter and the attachments are enclosed. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j)(1), on
behalf of Cisco, we are simultaneously providing a copy of this letter and the
attachments to each Proponent.
Reasons for Excluding the Proposal
We believe that the Proposal may be excluded from Cisco's proxy card and other
proxy materials, on the following grounds:
Rule 14a-8(i)(10)because the Proposal has been substantially implemented by
Cisco and is, therefore, moot; and
Rules 14a-8(i)(3) and 14a-8(i)(6)because the Proposal is vague, indefinite
and misleading and, therefore, in violation of Rule 14a-9 and Cisco would lack
the power or authority to implement it.
Discussion
1. Cisco may omit the Proposal from its 2005 proxy card and other proxy
materials because it has been substantially implemented by Cisco and is,
therefore, moot.
Rule 14a-8(i)(10) provides that a company may exclude a shareholder proposal if
"the company has already substantially implemented the proposal," thereby
rendering it moot.
Under the standard expressed by the Commission in Exchange Act Release No.
34-19135 (August 16, 1983), a proposal may be omitted if it has been
"`substantially implemented by the issuer,'" though it has not been "fully
effected." In establishing this new subjective interpretative position, the
Commission "determined that the previous formalistic application of this
provision defeated its purpose." A company has substantially implemented a
shareholder proposal if the company's relevant policies, practices and
procedures "compare favorably with the guidelines of the proposal." Texaco, Inc.
(March 28, 1991). Where companies have implemented the essential objectives of
the proposal or have had policies, standards and procedures concerning the
subject matter of the proposal already in place, the Staff has consistently
found that the proposal had been substantially implemented and could be excluded
under Rule 14a-8(i)(10). See, e.g., Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. (March
5, 2003) (permitting exclusion of a proposal requesting amendment of company's
social and human rights policy, establishment of independent monitoring system,
reporting of human rights violations and reporting to shareholders on
implementation of the social and human rights policy where the company revised
its social and human rights policy and the published an annual Economic, Social
and Environmental Report); The Talbots, Inc. (April 5, 2002) (permitting
exclusion of a proposal requesting implementation of a code of corporate conduct
based on the United Nations International Labour Organization ("ILO") standards
where the company established, among other things, Standards for Business
Practice, a Labor Law Compliance Program, and a Code of Conduct for Suppliers);
The Gap, Inc. (March 16, 2001) (permitting exclusion of a proposal requesting a
report on child labor practices of the company's suppliers where the company had
an established code of vendor conduct, monitored compliance, published
information relating thereto and discussed labor issues with shareholders);
Kmart Corporation (February 23, 2000) ("Kmart II") (substantially same);
Nordstrom, Inc. (February 8, 1995) (permitting exclusion of a proposal
requesting that the board commit to a code of conduct and describe current
practices and future plans related to labor issues, where the issuer had similar
policies in place).
The fact that Cisco has not delivered a report to shareholders does not preclude
Cisco from excluding the Proposal. A company need not have actually distributed
to shareholders a report on a given subject to have substantially complied with
a shareholder proposal seeking a report on that subject, so long as the
information is made available to shareholders. Kmart II (supra).
The Proposal requests that the Board publish a report describing "the progress
toward development and implementation of a Company Human Rights policy and the
plan for implementation with partners and resellers by May 31, 2006." Cisco has
substantially implemented the Proposal through its implementation of policies,
practices and procedures relating to human rights which are publicly available
to shareholders as more fully described below, and is continually in the process
of further developing and implementing such measures. The following paragraphs
describe in more specific detail the policies, practices and procedures which
support that Cisco has substantially implemented the Proposal.
Cisco has recently adopted a specific policy on human rights. The policy is
publicly available on Cisco's website, www.cisco.com, and can be found by
clicking on "About Cisco," then on "Corporate Citizenship," and then on "Human
Rights" under the "Featured Links" section. The policy states:
"HUMAN RIGHTS
Cisco strives to treat employees, and the communities in which we serve, with
respect and dignity.
A supporter of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and
Global Compact, Cisco's codes of conduct, employee policies and guidelines
substantially incorporate laws and ethical principles including those pertaining
to freedom of association, non-discrimination, privacy, collective bargaining,
compulsory and child labor, immigration and wages and hours. These codes,
policies and guidelines are reviewed by Cisco's Corporate
Citizenship Council (the "Council") consisting of an executive committee and a
broad-based global membership of Cisco management.
Consistent with Cisco's culture and applicable laws, employees are encouraged
to:
promote a safe, healthy and supportive work environment where employees can
contribute their skills; and
participate with local stakeholders in addressing community well-being; social
and economic development and environmental preservation.
Employees shall respect the human rights and dignity of others as outlined in
the Code of Business Conduct, employee policies, and guidelines or local laws
applying and abiding within the scope of their individual roles and
responsibilities to whichever sets higher standards."
A significant amount of information on Cisco's policies, practices and
procedures relating to human rights and related issues is made available to
shareholders and the broader public via its Corporate Citizenship website. The
Corporate Citizenship website can be found on Cisco's website, by clicking on
"About Cisco," and then on "Corporate Citizenship." The Proponents clearly
accessed this information in connection with drafting the Proposal. Cisco's
endorsement of the United Nations Global Compact is publicly available to
shareholders by clicking on "UN Global Compact" on Cisco's Corporate Citizenship
website. Cisco also publishes information about some of its human rights
policies in its Key Performance Data report which is also available on the
Corporate Citizenship website.
Cisco has created a Corporate Citizenship Council (the "Council") consisting of
an executive committee and a broad-based global membership of Cisco management.
The Council represents and serves Cisco's customers, employees, shareholders and
partners by continuously improving Cisco's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
programs and by providing a better understanding of Cisco's performance relating
to CSR. The Council fulfills these responsibilities by assessing social, ethical
and environmental practices and policies and by driving change, where necessary,
to enhance the performance of Cisco's core business operations. Information
about the Council can be found on the Corporate Citizenship website.
Cisco is also in the process of preparing a Corporate Citizenship Report that is
expected to address Cisco's performance in the areas of: human rights generally;
Cisco's progress towards the principles of the United Nations Global Compact,
employee welfare, diversity, training and development; supplier diversity and
ethics; environmental impact of product design and lifecycle and Cisco's
facilities and operations; and Cisco's social investments across the world.
Cisco is committed to publishing and making this report publicly available
during the fall of 2005. Additionally, Cisco discusses issues that are expected
to be covered by the proposed report with its shareholders.
In addition, earlier this year Cisco adopted and implemented a Supplier Code of
Conduct that is based on, among other things, various codes and standards of the
United Nations International Labour Organization, the United Nations Global
Compact, and the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Social
Accountability International and the Ethical Trading Initiative. Cisco's
Supplier Code of Conduct requires the protection of human rights by Cisco
suppliers, and in countries where significant human rights issues are believed
to exist, Cisco requires third-party manufacturing certifications (e.g., Social
Accountability International's SA8000 standard and verification system).
Further, Cisco's distributors, resellers and partners are screened against
United States and certain foreign government lists for prohibited destinations
and organizations. The Supplier Code of Conduct is available on the Corporate
Citizenship website.
In addition, Cisco managers are responsible for ensuring adherence to Cisco's
global employee policies and guidelines. Cisco has stated in its Code of
Business Conduct, "We believe that long-term, trusting business relationships
are built by being honest, open and fair. We promise to uphold the highest
professional standards in all global business operations. We also expect that
those with whom we do business (including suppliers, customers or resellers)
will adhere to the standards set by Cisco's Code of Business Conduct." The Code
of Business Conduct is monitored by Cisco's Ethics Program Office and annually
affirmed by Cisco's employees. Cisco's Ethics Program Office is available to all
employees, customers, partners and shareholders who wish to bring to Cisco's
attention any potential violation of or non-compliance with Cisco's Code of
Business Conduct.
Cisco has largely implemented the underlying policy of the Proposal, including
adoption of a publicly available human rights policy, and continues efforts of
incremental implementation consistent with the spirit of the Proposal. Cisco's
Corporate Citizenship Report is just an example of Cisco's efforts in this
regard. As substantial implementation does not require the entire implementation
of the precise details of the proposal, we believe that Cisco has substantially
implemented the proposal, rendering it moot, and that Cisco may therefore
exclude the Proposal from its proxy materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(10).
* * *
As reflected above, Cisco regards human rights issues seriously and strives to
promote, among other things, the worldwide improvement of working conditions,
personal freedoms and diversity. Cisco believes that the steps it has taken in
regard to its policies, practices and procedures relating to human rights have
substantially implemented the Proposal. If the Staff does not concur with
Cisco's view that the Proposal has been substantially implemented, Cisco
believes that it may exclude the Proposal because it is vague, indefinite and
misleading and therefore violates Rule 14a-9, and Cisco would lack the power to
implement the Proposal if it passed.
* * *
2. Cisco may omit the Proposal from its 2005 proxy card and other proxy
materials because it is vague, indefinite and misleading and, therefore, in
violation of Rule 14a-9 and Cisco would lack the power or authority to implement
it.
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) provides that a company may exclude a shareholder proposal if
it is vague, indefinite and misleading and, therefore, in violation of Rule
14a-9. In particular, various no-action letters have demonstrated that a
shareholder proposal may be excluded in part or in whole from a company's proxy
card and other proxy materials if: (i) it is so vague and indefinite that it
would be difficult for shareholders to determine with any reasonable certainty
what measures the company would take in the event the proposal was approved; and
(ii) any resultant action by the company would have to be made without guidance
from the proposal and consequently in possible contravention of the intention of
the shareholders who voted in favor of the proposal. See International Business
Machines Corporation (February 2, 2005) (permitting exclusion of a proposal on
the grounds that it was vague and indefinite, where the company argued that the
proposal was subject to multiple interpretations); H.J. Heinz Company (May 25,
2001) (permitting exclusion of a proposal requesting that the company implement
a human rights standards program on the grounds that it was vague and
indefinite); NYNEX Corporation (January 12, 1990) (permitting exclusion of a
proposal requesting the company not interfere with the government policies of
certain foreign nations because it is "so inherently vague and indefinite" that
any company action "could be significantly different from the action envisioned
by the shareholders voting on the proposal"). See also Staff Legal Bulletin No.
14B (September 15, 2004) at page 5, where the Commission recently clarified its
interpretative position with regard to the continued application of Rule
14a-8(i)(3) to shareholder proposals which are so inherently vague or indefinite
that neither the stockholders voting on the proposal, nor the company in
implementing the proposal (if approved), would be able to determine with any
reasonable certainty exactly what actions or measures the proposal requires.
A proposal may also be properly omitted pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(6) if it is
vague, and as a result, the company "would lack the power or authority to
implement" the proposal. A company "lack[s] the power or authority to implement"
a proposal when the proposal "is so vague and indefinite that [the company]
would be unable to determine what action should be taken." International
Business Machines Corporation (January 14, 1992). See also Dyer v. SEC, 287 F.2d
773, 781 (8th Cir. 1961) ("it appears to us that the proposal as drafted and
submitted to the company, is so vague and indefinite as to make it impossible
for either the board of directors or the stockholders at large to comprehend
precisely what the proposal would entail"); and NYC Employees' Retirement System
v. Brunswick Corp., 789 F. Supp. 144, 146 (S.D.N.Y. 1992) ("Shareholders are
entitled to know precisely the breadth of the proposal on which they are asked
to vote.")
As discussed further below, we believe that the central element of the Proposal,
a "Human Rights Policy", is so vague that the Cisco shareholders will not be
able to understand what action they are asking the Board of Directors of Cisco
(the "Board") to take and the Board would not be able to determine what action
to take to satisfy the Proposal. As such, it may properly be omitted from
Cisco's 2005 proxy card and other proxy materials pursuant to Rules 14a-8(i)(3)
and 14a-8(i)(6).
The Proposal requests that the Board prepare a report describing the progress
toward development and implementation of a "Human Rights Policy" and the plan
for implementation with partners and resellers. The Proposal does not set forth
any guidance regarding the policy that is to be the subject of the report. We
believe that the reference to "human rights" suggests different concepts to
shareholders with different perspectives, and this is particularly true with
regard to a large enterprise with employees, facilities, customers and suppliers
around the world. Shareholders could have vastly different expectations about
the contents of such a policy. The opportunities for confusion are so broad as
to be difficult to state succinctly, but can be generalized as follows:
What is the scope of this policy? To many, a company's human rights policy might
be expected to be directed to the manner in which the company does its business,
itself an enormously broad concept, but one that might typically include such
ideals as the company's labor and environmental practices. A human rights
policy, however defined, could go even further and require that the company take
action to help to ensure that its vendors, customers and partners embrace some
or all elements of the policy. Such a policy could conceivably include, or
perhaps even consist of, directives regarding the company's not producing
products that infringe on defined "human rights" or it may call for monitoring
the use of products which, if used in a manner contrary to the policy, could
infringe human rights. The unspecific nature of the Proposal allows for
radically divergent concepts of its scope.
What is the content of this policy? What tenets of human rights are to be
addressed by this policy? For example, does the policy include matters such as
women's rights, child labor issues, wage considerations, environmental
compliance, protection of religious rights, freedom of speech, or prohibition
against discrimination on the basis of race, religion or sexual orientation?
Without any further guidance, shareholders have no idea of what human rights
concerns are to be addressed by the policy.
Not only is it likely that shareholders would have different interpretations of
the scope and content of an unspecific human rights policy, but these
interpretations could also be conflicting. Some shareholders might believe that
a company should be expected to police the activities of its customers in using
its products and services, and others may have an exactly contrary belief.
Additionally, it is easy to imagine that different shareholders would have
different perspectives on such matters as the protection of, or restraint of,
religious rights in the workplace or the guidelines to be followed in setting
wages. The Proposal does not mitigate the opportunity for these conflicting
interpretations.
Ample precedent exists for the exclusion of the Proposal under Rule 14a-8(i)(3)
and Rule 14a-8(i)(6). In Smithfield Foods, Inc. (July 18, 2003), the Staff
concurred in the company's decision to exclude, under Rule 14a-8(i)(3), a
proposal that management prepare a report based upon Global Reporting Initiative
Guidelines, where the company observed that the proposal did not "inform
shareholders of what the Company would be required to do if the Proposal were
approved as the Proposal contains no description or summary of the Guidelines."
See also Lowe's Companies, Inc. (March 3, 2004) (substantially same). In Alcoa,
Inc. (December 24, 2002) the Staff concurred with the company's exclusion under
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) of a proposal that the company be committed to the full
implementation of a "human rights standards", where the company explained that
the proposal "requests that the board of directors commit the Company to the
full implementation of `these human rights standards', which incorporate the
conventions of the ILO, but does not identify or fairly summarize those
standards." In Johnson & Johnson (February 7, 2003) the Staff concurred with the
company's decision under Rule 14a-8(i)(3) to exclude a proposal calling for a
report on the company's progress concerning "the Glass Ceiling Commission's
business recommendations", where the company stated that the proposal was
"completely devoid of any description of the substantive provisions of the
`Glass Ceiling Report' or the recommendations `flowing from it.'" The Proposal
shares with the proposals in each of these no-action letters a common flaw of
referring to a set of standards or principles without explaining what these
standards or principles are.
We believe that under Rule 14a-8, a proposal to be put before the shareholders
must be stated with sufficient clarity and specificity to stand on its own.
However, we recognize that when taken together, a well integrated proposal and
supporting statement might together be sufficiently descriptive of the subject
matter put before the shareholders to largely eliminate the possibility of
confusion. In this case the "Supporting Statement" (the nine paragraphs
following "Whereas") not only is not helpful in clarifying the intent of the
Proposal but adds to the confusion.
The Supporting Statement generally contains three sections. The first five
paragraphs seem to address the relative narrow concept of certain governments,
which may or may not be customers of Cisco, monitoring Internet traffic to
repress the free exchange of information. The sixth paragraph refers to the
United Nations Global Compact and supports the ten principles enunciated there.
These principles address human rights, labour standards, environmental
protection and corrupt practices. The third section, consisting of the seventh
and eighth paragraphs, notes that Cisco has systems to monitor its resellers and
that this monitoring does not appear to explicitly integrate human rights
concerns. In summation, the ninth paragraph of the Supporting Statement states
purported advantages that would accrue to the company by adopting and
implementing a human rights policy.
Upon reading the Supporting Statement we think shareholders might first believe
that the intent of the Proposal is that Cisco adopt a policy to deal with the
possibility that government customers will use the company's products to stifle
free expression. How a company might go about controlling these actions of the
government customers in the countries where it operates is a large and
unanswered question. However, the second section of the Supporting Statement
refers to a universal set of principles, much broader than freedom of use of the
Internet. These principles, which are stated in such a broad conceptual terms as
to appeal to virtually any reader, are not in any meaningful way made a part of
the Proposal. Finally, the last section of the statement refers to deficiencies
in the manner in which Cisco's systems for monitoring reseller activities
integrate human rights concerns. Each respective shareholder could either be
confused as to how the various observations in the Supporting Statement
illuminate the Proposal or focus on something appealing or disagreeable in some
single component of the statement and use that as a basis to vote for or against
the Proposal.
We think the Board would face substantial uncertainty in implementing the
Proposal if it were adopted. The Proposal requests that the Board prepare a
report on its progress in developing and implementing a human rights policy and
its plan for implementation with partners and resellers. As noted above, the
Board would have no direction as to the scope or content of the policy on which
it is supposed to report.
In summary, if both the Proposal and the Supporting Statement appear in Cisco's
2005 proxy card and other proxy materials, we believe shareholders' views would
differ on the true meaning of the Proposal and no shareholder would be able to
determine with any reasonable certainty what action or measures would be taken
in the event the proposal were implemented. If shareholder approval were
obtained, it would be impossible for the Board to know which interpretation of
the Proposal passed and, therefore, the Board would be unable to determine with
any reasonable certainty exactly which actions are necessary to implement the
request. For the foregoing reasons, the Proposal is vague, indefinite and
misleading, and, therefore, in violation of Rule 14a-9 and Cisco would lack the
power or authority to implement it.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we request your confirmation that the Staff will not
recommend any enforcement action to the Commission if Cisco excludes the
Proposal from Cisco's proxy card and other proxy materials for its 2005 annual
shareholders' meeting. Should the Staff disagree with our conclusions regarding
the omission of the Proposal, or should the Staff have questions or desire any
additional information in support of our position, we would appreciate an
opportunity to confer with the Staff concerning these matters prior to the
issuance of its Rule 14a-8(j) response. In this case, please contact me by
telephone at (650) 335-7657 or by facsimile at (650) 938-5200. In addition to
the six copies of this letter required pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j), we have
included an extra copy. If you would kindly acknowledge receipt of this letter
and the enclosures by date-stamping the extra copy and returning it to me in the
self-addressed, stamped envelope, I would appreciate it.
Sincerely,
/s/
Daniel J. Winnike, Esq.
Enclosures
cc: Mark Chandler, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Dawn Wolfe, Boston Common Asset Management, LLC
Adam Kanzer, Domini Social Investments
[INQUIRY LETTER]
May 27, 2005
Mr. Mark Chandler
Vice President, Legal Services, General Counsel and Secretary
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-1706
Re: Shareholder Resolution on Human Rights
Dear Mr. Chandler:
I am writing to you on behalf of Domini Social Investments, the manager of a
socially responsible family of mutual funds based on the Domini 400 Social
Index, including the Domini Social Equity Fund, the nation's oldest and largest
socially and environmentally screened index fund. Our funds' portfolio holds
more than 1.8 million shares of Cisco Systems stock. Cisco is currently one of
our portfolio's top ten holdings.
We have been particularly pleased to hold Cisco stock in our portfolio, noting
its strong performance in diversity, community, employee relations and the
environment. Most importantly, perhaps, we are supportive of our company's
central business purposebuilding global communities through the Internet. The
development of the Internet offers considerable social and environmental
benefits.
We have become increasingly concerned, however, with reports that Cisco may be
involved in human rights abuses through its sales to certain governments. For
example, we read with concern reports from Reporters Without Borders and Amnesty
International citing Cisco's involvement with China's state security apparatus
to monitor Internet use. As you are aware, China has reportedly jailed more
`cyber-dissidents' than any other country in the world. We are also in receipt
of Cisco's May 5\th/ letter to Boston Common Asset Management on this topic.
Whether Cisco is directly involved in this activity, or only acting through
resellers, does not absolve our Company of responsibility for these actions, and
certainly does not remove the significant reputational risks that may attach.
Our concerns are broader than Cisco's activities in China, however. Other
countries with whom Cisco does business also have a history of human rights
abuses in this area, as noted by the U.S. State Department. China only serves to
elevate our concern about Cisco's business practices globally.
We believe that these governmental actions to censor, monitor, isolate and jail
Internet users runs counter to our Company's central business purpose. We
believe these actions, if successful, present a barrier to Cisco's future
prospects for success, which depend on a broadly connected, free Internet. We
are writing today to request further information on the concrete steps our
Company is taking to address these significant risks, and to present a
shareholder proposal on Cisco's human rights policies and practices.
We are submitting the attached proposal for inclusion in the next proxy
statement in accordance with Rule 14a-8 of the General Rules and Regulations of
the Securities Act of 1934. We have held more than $2,000 worth of Cisco Systems
shares for greater than one year, and will maintain ownership of the required
number of shares through the date of the next stockholders' annual meeting. A
letter verifying our ownership of Cisco shares from Investors Bank and Trust,
custodian of our Portfolio, is forthcoming under separate cover. A
representative of Domini will attend the stockholders' meeting to move the
resolution as required by SEC Rules.
With Cisco's filing date upon us, we are filing this resolution to preserve our
rights as shareholders to present this issue to all Cisco shareholders. We
welcome the opportunity to discuss these issues further with you. We are
co-filing this proposal with Boston Common Asset Management. Please send any
correspondence related to this matter to Dawn Wolfe's attention at Boston Common
Asset Management, and to me. I can be reached at (212) 217-1027, or by email at
akanzer@domini.com.
Sincerely,
/s/
Adam M. Kanzer
General Counsel
Encl.
cc: John T. Chambers, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sirima Sataman, Manager, CSR/Citizenship, Corporate Responsibility
K. Blair Christie, Vice President, Investor Relations
Dawn Wolfe, Boston Common Asset Management
Rev. David Schilling, Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility
[APPENDIX 1]
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC. HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY
WHEREAS:
We believe transnational corporations doing business with repressive governments
face serious risks to their reputation and share value if they are seen as
responsible for, or complicit in, human rights violations;
Cisco sells its products, primarily through resellers, to government agencies
and state-owned communications or information technology entities in most of the
countries of the world, including China, Maldives, Tunisia, Vietnam, Saudi
Arabia and Turkmenistan;
Cisco's business "is about connecting communities and helping them prepare for
the Internet age." Our company is committed to conducting its business
"according to globally accepted ethical principles";
Cisco's long-term business prospects depend on a broadly connected, free
Internet. Any actions by Cisco or its agents to `close' the Internet, or to
transform it into a tool of repression, harms long-term shareholder value;
State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Amnesty
International, Reporters Without Borders and others have documented how various
governments monitor Internet use, stifle free expression, and jail dissidents
through manipulation of Internet technology, including those governments noted
above with whom our Company does business. These actions may violate key
articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including Article 3
(security of person), Article 10 (fair and impartial criminal hearings), Article
12 (privacy), Article 19 (freedom of opinion and expression), and Article 20
(freedom of assembly and association);
We commend Cisco for endorsing the United Nations' Global Compact, which commits
companies to "support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed
human rights" and ensure "that they are not complicit in human rights abuses."
The Global Compact's ten principles, covering human rights, the environment and
anti-corruption enjoy universal consensus and are derived from broadly endorsed
international agreements, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (www.unglobalcompact.org);
Cisco's products, however, may be used contrary to these lofty purposes;
Our company has a sophisticated system to certify and monitor resellers of its
products around the world. Based on publicly available information the
proponents of the resolution believe that the system does not appear to
explicitly integrate human rights concerns
(http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partners/prl
l/pr193/partners_pgm_requirements.html). This omission places shareholder value
at risk if resellers are using our Company's products to commit, or help others
to commit, human rights violations as has been alleged in the media and by
Amnesty International and other organizations. We believe public availability of
such standards is critical to protecting the Company's reputation;
We believe significant commercial advantages may accrue to our company by
adopting and implementing a comprehensive human rights policy based on
internationally accepted human rights norms, including enhanced corporate
reputation, improved employee recruitment and retention, improved community and
stakeholder relations, and reduced risk of adverse publicity, consumer boycotts,
divestment campaigns and law suits.
RESOLVED:
Shareholders request the Board to prepare a report to shareholders, at
reasonable expense and omitting proprietary information, describing the progress
toward development and implementation of a Company Human Rights policy and the
plan for implementation with partners and resellers by May 31, 2006.
[INQUIRY LETTER]
Mr. Mark Chandler
May 27, 2005
Vice President, Legal Services, General Counsel and Secretary
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-1706
Re: Shareholder Resolution on Human Rights
Delivered via FedEx and email to CorporateSecretary@cisco.com on May 27, 2005
Dear Mr. Chandler:
Boston Common Asset Management, LLC (Boston Common) is an investment manager
that serves investors concerned about the social and environmental impact, as
well as the financial return, of their investments. Our clients hold 40,820
shares of Cisco Systems, Inc. (Cisco) common stock.
Since January 2005, Boston Common has raised concerns with Cisco on the critical
issue of human rights. As investors, we want to be confident our Company's
operations and products are not complicit in human rights abuses and do not
violate internationally accepted standards on global human rights. We welcome
Cisco's endorsement of the United Nations Global Compact since 2001 but believe
there is a lack of transparency on how Cisco complies with the Compact's ten
principles.
We are concerned particularly by growing allegations and evidence Cisco has
supplied the government security apparatus of the People's Republic of China
(China) with technologies enabling them to commit human rights abuses against
"cyber dissidents." We know Cisco's Code of Business Conduct was designed to
promote compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations.
However, in China, a vast network of regulations has been expressly designed to
suppress freedom of expression through the Internet and is widely known to
violate basic human rights standards.
Cisco's response dated May 5, 2005 to our inquiry notes Cisco's extensive use of
resellers abroad. We do not believe this absolves the Company of all
responsibility for how its equipment is used. We would also like further
discussion on Cisco's statement that it is not aware of the modification or
redesign of products specifically for surveillance purposes. Our Company's
involvement with China's Golden Shield project has been reported by
organizations such as Amnesty International and Reporters Without Borders and
the allegations they report appear inconsistent with your May 5, 2005 response.
Our concerns go beyond Cisco's activities in China, however, Other countries
with whom Cisco does business also have a history of human rights abuses through
manipulation of the Internet. China only serves to elevate our concern about
Cisco's business practices globally.
In summary, we are not convinced our Company is protecting itself sufficiently
from being complicit in human rights violations within its sphere of influence.
Cisco appears vulnerable to being in violation of its commitment to the UN
Global Compact and in violation of federal law, the U.S. Tiananmen Sanctions of
1990 that forbid the sale of crime control equipment and dual purpose
technologies to China's police agencies. We believe there is significant
potential for damage to our Company's reputation and therefore shareholder
value.
A positive first step would be for Cisco to publicly disclose its policies and
procedures that ensure it does not support human rights violations when
operating in repressive regime countries. With Cisco's filing deadline
approaching we are writing today to notify you of our intention to file the
enclosed shareholder resolution in order to protect our rights as shareholders.
We are submitting the enclosed shareholder proposal for inclusion in the 2005
proxy statement, in accordance with Rule 14a-8 of the General Rules and
Regulations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Act"). Boston Common is
the beneficial owner, as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Act, of at least $2,000 in
market value of Cisco Systems, Inc. common stock. We have held these securities
for more than one year as of the filing date and will continue to hold at least
the requisite number of shares for proxy resolutions through the stockholders'
meeting. Verification of ownership will be provided upon request. We are
sponsoring this resolution as the primary filer. A representative of the filers
will attend the stockholders' meeting to move the resolution as required.
We hope that we may discuss our proposal further. Please send correspondence
related to this matter to my attention at Boston Common Asset Management, 84
State Street, Suite 1000, Boston, MA 02109. I can be reached via phone (617)
720-5557, fax (617) 720-5665, or email dwolfe@bostoncommonasset.com.
Sincerely,
/s/
Dawn Wolfe
Social Research & Advocacy Analyst
cc: John T. Chambers, President and Chief Executive Officer
K. Blair Christie, Vice President, Investor Relations
Sirima Sataman, Manager, CSR/Citizenship, Corporate Responsibility
Adam M. Kanzer, General Counsel, Domini Social Investments
Rev. David Schilling, Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility
[APPENDIX 2]
CISCO SYSTEMS, INC. HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY
WHEREAS:
We believe transnational corporations doing business with repressive governments
face serious risks to their reputation and share value if they are seen as
responsible for, or complicit in, human rights violations;
Cisco sells its products, primarily through resellers, to government agencies
and state-owned communications or information technology entities in most of the
countries of the world, including China, Maldives, Tunisia, Vietnam, Saudi
Arabia and Turkmenistan;
Cisco's business "is about connecting communities and helping them prepare for
the Internet age." Our company is committed to conducting its business
"according to globally accepted ethical principles";
Cisco's long-term business prospects depend on a broadly connected, free
Internet. Any actions by Cisco or its agents to `close' the Internet, or to
transform it into a tool of repression, harms long-term shareholder value;
State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Amnesty
International, Reporters Without Borders and others have documented how various
governments monitor Internet use, stifle free expression, and jail dissidents
through manipulation of Internet technology, including those governments noted
above with whom our Company does business. These actions may violate key
articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including Article 3
(security of person), Article 10 (fair and impartial criminal hearings), Article
12 (privacy), Article 19 (freedom of opinion and expression), and Article 20
(freedom of assembly and association);
We commend Cisco for endorsing the United Nations' Global Compact, which commits
companies to "support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed
human rights" and ensure "that they are not complicit in human rights abuses."
The Global Compact's ten principles, covering human rights, the environment and
anti-corruption enjoy universal consensus and are derived from broadly endorsed
international agreements, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(www.unglobalcompact.org);
Cisco's products, however, may be used contrary to these lofty purposes;
Our company has a sophisticated system to certify and monitor resellers of its
products around the world. Based on publicly available information the
proponents of the resolution believe that the system does not appear to
explicitly integrate human rights concerns
(http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partners/prl
l/pr193/partners_pgm_requirements.html). This omission places shareholder value
at risk if resellers are using our Company's products to commit, or help others
to commit, human rights violations as has been alleged in the media and by
Amnesty International and other organizations. We believe public availability of
such standards is critical to protecting the Company's reputation;
We believe significant commercial advantages may accrue to our company by
adopting and implementing a comprehensive human rights policy based on
internationally accepted human rights norms, including enhanced corporate
reputation, improved employee recruitment and retention, improved community and
stakeholder relations, and reduced risk of adverse publicity, consumer boycotts,
divestment campaigns and law suits.
RESOLVED:
Shareholders request the Board to prepare a report to shareholders, at
reasonable expense and omitting proprietary information, describing the progress
toward development and implementation of a Company Human Rights policy and the
plan for implementation with partners and resellers by May 31, 2006.
[INQUIRY LETTER]
August 19, 2005
Securities and Exchange Commission
Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporate Finance
800 F Street, NE
Washington, DC 20549
Re: Cisco Systems, Inc. Shareholder Proposal of Domini Social Investments LLC
and Boston Common Asset Management Requesting a Human Rights Report
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am writing on behalf of Domini Social Investments LLC and Boston Common Asset
Management in response to a letter written by an attorney representing Cisco
Systems ("the Company") dated July 6, 2005, notifying the Commission of the
Company's intention to omit the above-referenced shareholder proposal ("the
Proposal," attached as Exhibit A) from the Company's proxy materials. In its
letter ("No-Action Request," attached as Exhibit B), the Company argues that the
Proposal may properly be excluded from the Company's materials for two reasons:
first, because the Proposal has been substantially implemented (Rule
14a-8(i)(10)), and second because it is so vague and indefinite as to be
materially misleading (Rule 14a-8(i)(3)) and therefore the Company would not
have the power or authority to implement it 14a8(i)(6). We disagree with these
contentions, and respectfully request that the Company's request for no-action
relief be denied.
I. Background
At the outset, it is important to note that the Proposal does not ask the
Company to adopt a human rights policy. The Proposal seeks a report to
shareholders on the Company's "progress toward development and implementation of
a Company Human Rights policy and the plan for implementation with partners and
resellers." No such report or plan has been prepared, and the Company does not
assert that any such report or plan is available.
Before addressing the Company's individual arguments, it is important to
understand some of the events that preceded the drafting of the No-Action
Request, with particular attention to the days leading up to the request. The
Company appears to have hastily put together a human rights policy in the days
leading up to the submission of the No-Action Request, in order to provide some
basis for an argument that the Proposal could be excluded under Rule
14a-8(i)(10). Although the Company is certainly free to adopt policies and
procedures whenever they see fit, we believe in this case that this last minute
flurry of activity is not reflective of the genuine thoughtful process that
would be required.
Although the Company would appear to have a lot of paper to present for Staff's
review, it should be apparent that the Company has not had time for anything
that could reasonably be considered `implementation.' In Proponents' view, the
Company did the bare minimum of activity it felt would pass muster under Rule
14a-8(i)(10). Proponents do not believe the Company has come close to carrying
that burden.
A brief timeline might help to put this in context, and to clarify Proponents'
belief that these actions should not be considered substantial implementation of
the Proposal:
2001: Cisco Systems endorses the United Nations' Global Compact.
January 11, 2005: Boston Common submits initial letter inquiring about growing
public allegations that Cisco has provided specialized surveillance equipment,
software and/or training to the Chinese security apparatus.
April 20, 2005: Boston Common submits second letter requesting a response to
the three questions posed on January 11.
May 5, 2005: Cisco responds to previous letters. Proponents felt the response
inadequately addressed the inquiry.
May 27, 2005: Proponents file the Proposal.
June 9, 2005: Conference call between Proponents and Company representatives
to discuss the Proposal. Proponents would characterize the conversation as
largely uninformative. The Company made no mention of the existence of a human
rights policy or a Corporate Citizenship Council.1
June 10, 2005: Proponents receive email from Cisco including links to numerous
policies related to the Company's sourcing practices. The email did not mention
the existence of a human rights policy.
July 6, 2005:
Proponents receive notification from the Company that they have just adopted a
Human Rights policy (See http://www.cisco.com/en/US/about/ac227/about cisco corp
citi human rights.html).
No-Action Request submitted.
It should be apparent from this recent chain of events that the Company did not
make any public statements regarding its human rights policies, or its approach
to implementing the Global Compact, until after Proponents filed the
Proposalfour years after the Company endorsed the Global Compact. The Company
appears to have `adopted' its human rights policy on the eve of submitting the
No-Action Request.
In addition, as discussed in greater detail below, the policies and guidelines
provided by the Company do not address the issues raised by the Proposal. The
Proposal does not address workplace human rights issues, and every substantive
policy provided by the Company is limited in scope primarily to workplace
issues. There is, in fact, not a single piece of paper that the Company can
point to that explicitly addresses the issues raised in the Proposalthe
Company's exposure to human rights issues through sales of its equipment to
repressive governments.
The Company's specific arguments are addressed, in turn, below.
II. The Company has not substantially implemented the Proposal
The Company has adopted a human rights policy, apparently in the days preceding
the submission of the No Action Request, which fails to address any of the
specific issues raised by the Proposal. Even if the Company's policy did address
the Proposal's request, mere adoption of a policy should not be sufficient to
`substantially implement' a request for a report on policy development and
implementation. The Company has not published any information regarding the
implementation of this policy, or its plan for implementation with partners and
resellers. Although the Company claims that it will be producing a Citizenship
Report in the Fall of 2005, the Company should not be permitted to use a future
event that may not occur as a basis for excluding the Proposal. We will address
each of these arguments in more detail below.
A. The Company's recently adopted policy does not address the Proposal's request
The Company's Human Rights policy ("the Policy"), drafted in the eleventh hour,
as discussed above, adds very little of substance to shareholders' understanding
of the Company's approach to human rights issues generally, and contributes
nothing to an understanding of the Company's approach to the specific human
rights addressed by the Proposal, arguably among the Company's most significant
human rights risks. The Policy is vague, primarily limited to the obligations of
employeesnot the Company itselfand primarily relates to workplace rights.
By contrast, the Proposal explicitly discusses the Company's business dealings
with repressive regimes, and several key provisions of the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights ("UDHR") that are implicated by sales of Cisco's products to
these countries. The Proposal specifically refers to China, Maldives, Tunisia,
Vietnam, Saudi Arabia and Turkmenistan. The Proposal does not discuss workplace
rights, and it does not discuss the obligations of Cisco employees. It seeks a
policy and report that would guide and explain the Company's approach to human
rights, and particularly those rights implicated by sales of the Company's
products.
The Policy does not addresseven remotelyany of these issues. It provides no
guidance for the Company's business decisions, and does not explicitly reference
any standard that would be set above local law, with the exception of a vague
reference to `ethical principles.' In a repressive country, obviously, it may be
perfectly legal to violate a citizen's basic human rights. This Policy provides
very little information to inform a shareholder how the Company would address
this situation.
The Policy, for example, states that the Company's various policies
`substantially incorporate laws and ethical principles including those
pertaining to freedom of association, non-discrimination, privacy, collective
bargaining...", etc. With the possible exception of `privacy', these are all
workplace rights. In context, it is clear that the reference to `freedom of
association' refers to the right of workers to form unions, not the broader
sense of `freedom of association' addressed by the Proposal. The rest of the
policy also addresses, in highly aspirational terms, employees' obligations in
the workplace, and, more generally, to local communities. The Company notes that
it is a `supporter' of the Global Compact and Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, without any indication of what that support entails. The only explicit
reference to the term `human rights' in the policy is bound by the Company's
"Code of Business Conduct, employee policies, and guidelines or local laws"
without any reference to internationally accepted human rights norms, such as
the UDHR.
The information provided about the Company's "Citizenship Council" is similarly
vague. Although the Council appears to oversee the application of the Policy, no
information is provided to understand what steps the Council has taken to
implement the policy, or assess the Company's human rights performance, if any.
The remaining sets of policies provided as addenda to the No-Action Request do
not explicitly reference `human rights.' The only issues they address that fall
under the definition of `human rights' are workplace issues.
The Company asserts that Proponents `clearly accessed this information in
connection with drafting the Proposal', implying that Proponents' deliberately
ignored material information in order to present a frivolous proposal. First, as
discussed above, the information provided on the Company's website does not
address the issues raised in the Proposal. Second, it is important to recall in
this context that the Company's Human Rights Policy, and information about its
Corporate Citizenship Council, was not posted until after the Proposal was
submitted to the Company.
B. The Company has not produced a report, and should not be permitted to rely on
the mere possibility of a future Report
The only reference to a report that would possibly address the Proposal's
request is in the form of a commitment to produce a Corporate Citizenship Report
that is "expected" to address human rights issues in the fall of 2005. The
Company cites this non-existent "Corporate Citizenship Report" as an example of
Cisco's efforts to implement its human rights policy (No-Action Request at 5).
Unless this statement was meant to be ironic, it is unclear to Proponents what
it means.
The Company is asking the Staff to provide no-action relief based on a report
that has not been published, outlined, or drafted, and may or may not cover the
issues addressed by the Proposal. Cisco also claims to discuss "issues that are
expected to be covered by the proposed report with its shareholders." Proponents
have had no such discussion with the Company. On the same day the Company
submitted its No Action Request, Proponents were provided with the Policy, and a
vague description of this proposed report that matches the description provided
in the No-Action Request (No-Action Request at 4.)
The Company has not presented any precedent in support of this extraordinary
argument, which would, in our view, require the Staff to ignore the commonly
accepted meaning of both "substantial" and "implemented." It is difficult to
understand how the Company can suggest that the mere possibility of a future
report is sufficient to satisfy Rule 14a-8(i)(10). If the word `substantial' has
any meaning, it is that Staff must have the opportunity to review a Company's
current actions to determine how close they come to the Proposal's request. A
mere promise to produce a report in the future that may not even address the
issues presented by a proposal cannot possibly constitute `substantial
implementation' of a request for a report. In Burlington Resources, Inc.
(February 4, 2005), for example, a proposal seeking a sustainability report
withstood a challenge under Rule 14a-8(i)(10) where the Company had "publicly
disclosed that it ... formally commissioned a Corporate Social Responsibility
initiative (CSR)," components of which would "include Company policies and
practices relating to the impact of its business on the environment and the
communities where it operates, among other things," but had not determined the
"specific form and substance of the report."
Cisco argues that the fact that it has not "delivered" a report to shareholders
does not preclude the Company from excluding the Proposal (No-Action Request at
2). The Company cites Kmart (February 23, 2000) on this point, but Kmart is
easily distinguishable from the instant case. In Kmart, the Company notified
shareholders of the availability of the report requested, but did not actually
deliver the report. Cisco does not have a report to deliver.
C. Prior Precedent Cited by the Company is Easily Distinguished
Each of the no-action letters cited by the Company in support of its argument is
easily distinguishable from the current case. In each of Texaco Inc. (March 28,
1991), The Talbots, Inc. (April 5, 2002), and The Gap, Inc. (March 16, 2001),
the company provided a detailed description of its implementation of the
proposals at issue, describing codes of ethics that addressed each of the issues
raised by proponents, monitoring systems, public reporting, and regular
consultation with shareholders on the issues in question. In Nordstrom, Inc.
(February 8, 1995), the company produced a report. Although proponents disagreed
in each case that the company had adequately addressed their proposals, the
dispute generally concerned the degree to which the company had implemented each
point, not whether a point had been addressed at all. In Kmart Corp. (February
23, 2000), the Staff's decision appears to have turned on Kmart's representation
that it had produced a report discussing the issues raised by the proposal and
notified shareholders in its Annual Report of its availability. In
Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. (March 5, 2003), the company implemented
five of the proposal's six components.
In contrast to the fairly rigorous codes of conduct, monitoring programs, public
reporting, and shareholder consultation described by the above-referenced
corporations, Cisco falls far short of implementing the Proposal. Of all the
materials produced by the Company along with its no-action request, only its
vague human rights policy, and its endorsement of the Global Compact (which was
noted in the Proposal), explicitly include the term `human rights.' Its Policy,
as discussed above, does not address the issues raised by the Proposal, and its
scope appears to preclude any application to the issues addressed by the
Proposal. By contrast, for example, in The Talbots, Inc. and The Gap decisions,
both companies had codes of conduct that addressed each of the individual ILO
conventions sought by proponents.
In addition, the Company has taken no steps at all to address the Proposal's
request for a report on implementation, and has provided no information
regarding implementation of the Policy. Staff has rejected numerous no-action
requests based on Rule 14a-8(i)(10) where companies have taken far more
significant steps towards implementation. See, e.g., The Coca-Cola Co. (Jan. 19,
2004)(Provision of information relating to stock option grants by race and
gender to a third party, resulting in public report, insufficient where
shareholders sought direct access to data), 3M Company (March 2, 2005) (Proposal
requesting implementation and/or increased activity on eleven principles
relating to human and labor rights in China not substantially implemented
despite company's comprehensive policies and guidelines, including those that
set specific expectations for China-based suppliers), The Dow Chemical Company
(February 23, 2005)(Proposal seeking report relating to toxic substances not
substantially implemented by a public report that fails to address core concerns
raised by the Proposal).
III. The Proposal is not Vague, Indefinite or Misleading
A. The Company's argument relies on a misreading of the Proposal
The Company's argument that the Proposal is vague, indefinite and misleading
relies on a fairly circuitous and confusing reading. It is not even clear in
some cases which sections of the Proposal the Company is discussing.
The logic of the Proposal is clear. In order to create a sense of confusion, the
Company needed to re-order the Proposal, and essentially read it inside out.
Although Proponents' believe the Proposal is clear, and speaks for itself, the
thread of the Proposal is this:
The first four whereas clauses lay the groundwork for the argument, explaining
the risks presented to companies that are seen to be complicit in human rights
violations, and list a number of countries where Cisco sells its products that
have documented human rights violations.
The fifth whereas clause explains a very specific risk to Cisco's
businessdocumented use of Internet technology by repressive governments that
violates several key articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The sixth whereas clause describes Cisco's commitment to the United Nations'
Global Compact.
The seventh whereas clause states, in its entirety, that "Cisco's products,
however, may be used contrary to these lofty purposes."
The eighth whereas clause discusses Cisco's current policies and procedures,
which do not appear to address the human rights issues discussed in the
preceding clauses.
The last whereas clause states Proponents' belief that Cisco would benefit
from a comprehensive human rights policy.
The resolved clause then requests a report "describing the Company's progress
toward development and implementation of a Company Human Rights policy and the
plan for implementation with partners and resellers."
The Company argues that at some point in the Proposal ("the second section of
the supporting statement"), there is reference to a "universal set of
principles, much broader than freedom of use of the Internet," and suggests that
these principles bear no meaningful relation to the Proposal. (No-Action Request
at 8). Presumably, the Company is referring to the fifth whereas clause of the
Proposal, the only clause that describes a set of principles. We presume that
the Company has a very clear understanding of how these principles relate to use
of the Internet, as these types of abuses are discussed in the State Department
Country reports covering a number of countries where the Company has registered
resellers. If the Company has any commitment to implementing its Human Rights
Policy, we assume it must have at least consulted reliable reports on the human
rights issues presented in the countries in which it does business. Even without
such a commitment to implementation, we presume the Company has at least read
the various reports that implicate Cisco in human rights violations through its
sales to repressive governments. (See, e.g., Internet Under Surveillance,
Reporters Without Borders 2004 Report; Internet Filtering in China 2004-2005,
The OpenNet Initiative collaborative partnership (University of Toronto, Harvard
Law School, University of Cambridge); China: Controls tighten as Internet
activism grows, Amnesty International, January 2004.)
Nevertheless, the following explains the application of each principle to the
types of documented abuses referenced in the Proposal:
A number of countries where Cisco has registered resellers, and presumably does
business, have used the Internet to violate their citizens' human rights by
imprisoning cyber-dissidents (UDHR Article 3, Security of Persons) for
expressing controversial opinions on the Internet (UDHR Article 19, freedom of
opinion and expression), or for associating with banned organizations (UDHR
Article 20, freedom of assembly and association). As documented by the U.S.
State Department, Amnesty International and others, these governments use
Internet technology, such as the technology sold and configured by the Company,
to spy on its citizens (UDHR Article 12, privacy), and arrest them without due
process of law (UDHR Article 10, fair and impartial criminal hearings).
These are clearly very serious human rights violations, and, contrary to the
Company's assertion, they very directly relate to `freedom of use of the
Internet.' These principles, as noted above, are notably absent in Cisco's
published policies.2
B. The Proposal's request for a human rights report is not likely to confuse
shareholders
In addition to a rather convoluted reading of the Proposal, the Company makes a
variety of startling assertions about the vagueness of the term "human rights
policy." The Company asserts that "`human rights' suggests different concepts to
shareholders with different perspectives ...." The Company then goes on to
speculate about all the various ways a shareholder might misinterpret this
request. This entire discussion, in Proponents' view, is a distraction, and is
disingenuous.
First, the Company has publicly endorsed the Global Compact, and adopted what it
calls a "Human Rights Policy." It would not have done so if it truly believed
that this commitment would confuse its shareholders. In any case, any confused
shareholder can visit Cisco's website, and click on "Universal Declaration of
Human Rights" which will take them to the United Nations' website, containing
the basic principles the nations of the world have agreed constitute `human
rights.' This basic understanding has been in place since 1945. If there were
any sense to the Company's argument, it would not have taken the risk of
confusing its shareholders by adopting a human rights policy, and it certainly
would not have adopted such a vague policy.
Second, any shareholder reading the Proposal would come to a very clear
understanding of what is meant by "human rights policy" by reading the fifth
whereas clause which uses plain English to enumerate several key principles of
the UDHR. At the very least, a confused shareholder would assume the requested
policy was meant to include these key principles.
C. Shareholder `expectations' of a policy or report's contents are irrelevant
"Human rights" potentially encompasses a broad spectrum of issues. It does not
appear consistent with Staff's prior decisions to require that every shareholder
agree on every one of these issues in order to render a Proposal vague,
indefinite and misleading, particularly where a subset of those issues are
clearly enumerated in the Proposal.
Whether or not a shareholder understood exactly what a `human rights policy'
entails, she could clearly understand that the Company has endorsed something
called the "Global Compact" which purports to address corporate human rights
performance, and has now adopted a "human rights policy", but has not described
to shareholders how it intends to protect shareholder value by implementing
these commitments. The Proposal, to this hypothetical confused shareholder, is
an accountability proposal. It asks the Company to report on what it has done to
implement these grand commitments it has made. The Proposal also provides a
number of reasons why this shareholder ought to care how the Company has
implemented this commitment, as there are clearly reputational and other
business risks presented.
The various concepts and expectations about human rights the average shareholder
maintains are irrelevant. What is relevant is how the Company defines its
obligations, and what the Company is doing to implement them. The Company
argues, for example, that "some shareholders might believe that a company should
be expected to police the activities of its customers in using its products and
services, and others may have an exactly contrary belief." (No-Action Request at
7). The Company is correctshareholders may not agree on what constitutes an
adequate human rights program. They do, however, have a right to understand what
the Company's program looks like in order to evaluate whether it matches their
expectations. There is a significant difference between understanding what a
Proposal requests, and agreeing with the content of the ultimate report that is
produced.
D. The Proposal does not seek full implementation of a set of external
standardsit seeks a report on the Company's approach to human rights
The Company argues that the Proposal shares with each of the proposals in the
no-action letters it cites "a common flaw of referring to a set of standards or
principles without explaining what these standards or principles are."
(No-Action Request at 7). Proponents strongly disagree.
The Proposal should be distinguished from those presented to many companies,
where a proponent asks a company to adopt a code, or prepare a report, based on
a set of third party standards that are not well defined in the proposal, or
that may be unfamiliar to the company or its shareholders. With respect to
Cisco, the Company has voluntarily made a commitment to human rights, albeit a
vague and undefined commitment. The Proposal seeks to hold the Company
accountable to the commitment it has already made. It defies logic to argue that
any confusion should be created by a request for an implementation report on a
prior public commitment.
Proposals that request the "full implementation" of a complex set of guidelines
or standards developed by a third party that are not clearly described in the
proposal, fail. For example, in Kohl's Corporation (March 13, 2001), the
Proposal requested full implementation of the SA8000 standards on human rights,
but arguably did not provide sufficient detail regarding this complex set of
standards (See also, McDonald's (March 13, 2001)(requesting full implementation
of SA8000 standards) and Alcoa (December 24, 2002)(requesting full
implementation of set of human rights standards)). All of the precedents cited
by the Company refer to a specific set of guidelines created by a third
partythe Global Reporting Initiative, SA8000, the Glass Ceiling Commission, the
International Labor Organisationbut, in Staff's view, apparently lacked the
specificity to explain to shareholders exactly what these guidelines were. The
average shareholder, for example, would be expected to know what `human rights'
refers to, but would be unlikely to understand the scope of the SA8000
standards, or the ILO Conventions without further guidance.
A review of Staff's decisions on proposals requesting `sustainability' reports
is instructive. "Human rights" has arguably been a household term since the end
of the Second World War. "Sustainability", however, is a relatively new term
that may not be familiar to some shareholders. Nevertheless, proposals that
request a sustainability report, including those that ask the company to define
the term, survive challenge under Rule 14a-8(i)(3). See, e.g., Wendy's,
International (February 10, 2005), Johnson Controls, Inc. (November 14, 2002),
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (February 17, 2004), and Hormel Foods Corporation (October
22, 2004). The Company has failed to draw a critical distinction between these
two types of proposals, citing a number of precedents that seek full
implementation of a third party set of guidelines. The Proposal is far closer to
the type of Proposal sustained in Johnson Controls (supra).
The Proposal does not request full implementation of a set of standards
developed by a third party. Rather, it asks the Company to provide shareholders
with a report on the steps it has taken to develop and implement a human rights
policy. "Human rights" does not refer to a specific set of complex guidelines,
such as the Global Reporting Initiative, or the ILO conventions. It is a
commonly understood term, assisted in its definition by the principles
enumerated in the fifth whereas clause.
As discussed above, the Company speculates at length on what shareholder
expectations might be about the scope or content of its policy, and what it
should or should not do to implement the policy.3 That debate can occur after
the Company has produced its report. The Proposal does not prescribe to the
Company how to do the report, or what should be in its policy. It does not, for
example, ask the Company to adopt a Code that incorporates the principles of the
UDHRfully or partially. It does not seek a report based on its implementation
of the provisions of the Global Compact. It merely seeks a progress report to
learn how the Company is addressing the critical human rights risks it faces,
and how it is implementing its public commitments to human rights.
The Company has said it takes human rights issues seriously. The Proposal seeks
evidence to support that claim.
Although the Proposal does not provide specific guidance for how to prepare this
report, in Proponents' view, the average shareholder would assume that such a
report would describe the steps taken to adopt a human rights policy, the
content of that policy, and the steps taken to implement that policy, including
performance benchmarks. Such a report could also include a description of
problems the Company has identified, and corrective actions taken.
In short, Proponents believe the Proposal is clear, and would not present any
confusion to the average shareholder. It is certainly within the Company's power
to implement. The precedents cited by the Company on Rule 14a-6(i)(6) amount to
nothing more than a distraction, as the proposals are so significantly different
from the instant Proposal. In both NYNEX Corporation (January 12, 1990) and NYC
Employees' Retirement System v. Brunswick Corp. 789 F. Supp 144 (S.D.N.Y. 1992),
for example, the proposals are so complex, requiring a number of independent
judgments about matters potentially outside the scope of the company's
authority, as to be irrelevant to consideration of the Proposal. International
Business Machines Corporation (January 14, 1992) lies at the other end of the
spectrum. The entire resolved clause of the proposal in IBM, which related to
women's rights read as follows: "It is now apparent that the need for
representation has become a necessity."
Corporate endorsers of the Global Compact are encouraged to provide the United
Nations with annual progress reports on implementation. Although the Proposal
does not seek a Global Compact implementation report, the commitment sought by
the United Nations is not so vastly different from the Proposal's request.
Proponents presume the Company would not have made a commitment to the United
Nations it did not have the authority to implement. Proponents would also argue
that the Company's `commitment' to produce a Citizenship Report in the Fall
that, in Company's view, `substantially implements' the Proposal, belies the
Company's argument that it is not within its power to define, understand, or
effect the Proposal's request.
IV. Conclusion
In sum, the Proposal requests that the Company issue a report "describing the
progress toward development and implementation of a Company Human Rights policy
and the plan for implementation with partners and resellers...." The Company has
produced a hastily drafted human rights policy in response, and presented a
group of policies that do not address the issues raised by the Proposal, and a
vague commitment to produce a report in the Fall. It has not `substantially
implemented' the Proposal.
The Proposal clearly outlines specific human rights risks faced by the Company.
It does not seek to prescribe the scope of the Company's policy, or an
implementation plan. It merely seeks a report to allow shareholders to
adequately assess how the Company is addressing these very real issues.
The Company's arguments rely primarily on easily distinguishable no-action
letters, and a speculative reading of the Proposal that appears to deliberately
ignore the central thread of the Proposal. The Proposal is clear, and the
Company knows what it seeks. It has made public commitments to uphold human
rights, and it has provided no information on what it has done to live up to
these commitments.
For all of the reasons above, we respectfully request that the Company's request
for no-action relief be denied.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/
Adam Kanzer
General Counsel
Encl.
cc: Daniel J. Winnike, Esq., Fenwick & West LLP
Mark Chandler, Esq., Cisco Systems
Sirima Sataman, Cisco Systems
Dawn Wolfe, Boston Common Asset Management
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 Had these items been in place at the time, Proponents find it highly unlikely
they would have gone unmentioned, as it was the Company's intention to encourage
withdrawal of the Proposal. In addition, Ms. Sirima Sataman, a participant on
the call, sits on the Corporate Citizenship Council. Another possibility is that
the Council's mandate had not included `human rights' at the time of the call
(it is still not clear from the Company's website that it does).
2 As noted above, Cisco's Policy does reference `freedom of association,' but it
should be clear from the context of the reference that this refers to the
workplace right to freely associate and form unions, not the broader right to
freely associate addressed by the Proposal.
3 It is interesting that the Company feels free to speculate about this after it
claims to have adopted a human rights policy. The reality is that the policy it
`adopted' is so vague as to leave all of these questions open.
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
August 31, 2005
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: Cisco Systems, Inc. Incoming letter dated July 6, 2005
The proposal requests the board to prepare a report to shareholders describing
the progress toward development and implementation of a human rights policy and
the plan for implementation with partners and resellers.
We are unable to concur in your view that Cisco may exclude the proposal under
rule 14a-8(i)(3) or 14a-8(i)(6). Accordingly, we do not believe that Cisco may
omit the proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(3) or
14a-8(i)(6).
We are unable to concur in your view that Cisco may exclude the proposal under
rule 14a-8(i)(10). Accordingly, we do not believe that Cisco may omit the
proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(10).
Sincerely,
/s/
Mark F. Vilardo
Special Counsel
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