Company Name: PepsiAmericas, Inc.
Public Availability Date: February 11, 2004
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX
INQUIRY LETTER
INQUIRY LETTER
STAFF REPLY LETTER [INQUIRY LETTER]
January 2, 2004 VIA COURIER U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
450 Fifth Street NW
Washington DC 20549 Re: PepsiAmericas, Inc. (File No. 1-15019)
Intention to Omit Shareholder Proposal of Alexander R. Lehmann
Ladies and Gentlemen: Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the "Exchange Act"), we hereby give notice to the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "Commission"), on behalf of PepsiAmericas, Inc. (the "Company"),
of the Company's intention to omit from its proxy materials (the "2004 Proxy
Materials") for its 2004 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the "Annual Meeting")
the proposal and supporting statement submitted by Alexander R. Lehmann (the
"Proponent"), dated November 21, 2003, as amended and restated on December 31,
2003 (which proposal and supporting statement are herein referred to as the
"Proposal") (attached as Attachment A). As required by Rule 14a-8(j), six copies
of the Proposal and six copies of this letter are enclosed herewith.
The Proponent has requested that the following resolutions be considered and
voted upon at the Annual Meeting: BE IT RESOLVED, that PAS' Board of Directors assert its fiduciary duty to
represent and protect all owners and direct management to pursue the company's
objective to maximize shareholder value by focusing its business planning and
execution on available value creating strategies. Available strategies that
would add market value include Eliminating an annual marketing support shortfall from Pepsico of $105 million;
Examining ownership alternatives for $270 million of PAS' value destroying
European assets; Decreasing continuing reinvestment risk by increasing PAS' dividend payout to
approximate Pepsico's payout level; Working with Pepsico in developing an equitable pricing and marketing support
system that provides for consistent and comparative bottler incentives;
Exploring with Pepsico the desirability and feasibility of returning PAS to the
market for control; and Using criteria deriving from these value creating strategies to support future
changes in management compensation. The Proposal actually sets forth seven distinct proposals, namely requests that
the Company (1) direct management to pursue shareholder value, (2) increase
support payments from PepsiCo, (3) consider disposing of European assets, (4)
increase the dividend to a specified level, (5) develop a pricing and marketing
support system, (6) develop a plan for reducing PepsiCo's interest in the
Company, and (7) use compensation criteria that lead to value creation.
Because the Proposal contains seven different proposals, we have included the
following chart for ease in reviewing the Company's substantive objections. In
addition, the Proposal also is excludable on procedural grounds under Rule
14a-8(c) as discussed at the end of this letter. [Chart omitted and under conversion.-cch]
1. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(10) because it relates to matters that the Company has already
substantially implemented. Rule 14a-8(i)(10) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal from the proxy
materials "[i]f the company has already substantially implemented the proposal."
The Proposal may be excluded pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(10) because it relates to
matters that the Company has already implemented. Management repeatedly acknowledges its goal of maximizing shareholder value
In the Company's opposition statement contained in the proxy materials (the
"2002 Proxy Materials") for its 2002 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, in response
to an earlier shareholder proposal from the Proponent ("Be it resolved that it
is high time for PAS' board of directors to perform its fiduciary duty and start
protecting the longer term interests of all shareholders and to direct
management to vigorously pursue the overriding objective set in early 1999 of
`maximizing shareholder value' by..."), the Company reiterated its focus on
maximizing shareholder value: We agree with the premise of Mr. Lehmann's proposal that the corporation should
focus on maximizing shareholder value and that increasing our return on invested
capital is an important component of shareholder value. In the 2002 Proxy Materials, the Company set forth, in detail, the strategies it
sought, and currently seeks, to use to effectuate improved shareholder value:
Our focus for 2002 is on U.S. volume growth and continuing improvements toward
international profitability. Conscious of our fiduciary duties and the long-term
interests of shareholders, we have articulated the following corporate
strategies to effectuate those goals:
Grow the top line;
Improve efficiency;
Acquire contiguous territories domestically; and
Continue to build toward international profitability by participating in all
growing beverage categories and rationalizing distribution. (emphasis added)
Since the distribution of the 2002 Proxy Materials, the Company has made
repeated references to the importance of improving shareholder value. In the
first quarter 2003 conference call, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
the Company stated, "We know the bottom line for all of us is to increase
shareholder value through profitable growth and returns in excess of our cost of
capital, and that continues to be our goal." At a presentation hosted by
Prudential Securities on September 3, 2003, the Chief Financial Officer of the
Company stated, "So, to sum up, our goal is to build a healthy, growing beverage
company and increase shareholder value." In the third quarter 2003 conference
call, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company stated, "I believe
that our performance this quarter, both in terms of costs and execution, is
evidence of an organization that is focused on delivering positive return to our
shareholders." In summary, the Proposal calls upon the Company's board of directors to direct
management to pursue a goal of maximizing shareholder value. The 2002 Proxy
Materials contained the board's affirmative statement that the Company "should
focus on maximizing shareholder value." The Company has made numerous other
recent public announcements reaffirming this goal. Having made clear that
maximizing shareholder value is the goal that management pursues, which exactly
encompasses the action requested by the Proposal, the Company does not believe
it should be required to present this matter to its shareholders.
The Company's incentive compensation plan is linked directly to value creation
The Proponent suggests that the Company should alter management compensation
using criteria derived from value creating strategies. The Company set forth the
following disclosure about incentive compensation in the proxy materials (the
"2003 Proxy Materials") for its 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders:
The executive officers named in the summary compensation table, together with
approximately 86 additional executives and managers of PepsiAmericas, Pepsi
General and P-Americas, participate in the Annual Incentive Compensation Plan.
Target amounts payable under this plan are established annually and are
proportionate to each participant's accountability for PepsiAmericas' business
plans. The actual value of compensation these executives earn under this plan is
based primarily on a formula which relates the target amounts and objectives we
establish to corporate and subsidiary financial results and functional
performance objectives. In 2002, there were three components to the Annual
Incentive Compensation Plan: operating income (40%), sales growth (30%) and a
function specific measure (30%). As general managers, Mr. Pohlad and Mr.
Keiser's bonus measures were operating income, sales volume and net revenue. The
other executive officers named in the summary compensation table had similar
financial measures used to determine payments under the plan.
Operating income, sales growth and function specific measures (measures that
specifically target initiatives that drive shareholder value) are all matters
that deal with value creation. These objective performance measures were
specifically designed to link incentive compensation to the enhancement of
shareholder value. In fact, the same performance measures described above were
used for incentive compensation determinations during 2003 as well. Because such
standards have been implemented independent of the Proponent's request that the
Company take steps to link management compensation to value creation, the
Company does not believe it should be required to present this matter to its
shareholders. Based on the foregoing, the Proposal is properly excludable from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(10). 2. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because it relates to ordinary business matters.
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal from the proxy
materials "i[f] the proposal deals with a matter relating to the company's
ordinary business operations." The Company believes that the Proposal may be
excluded pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because it relates to ordinary business
matters. The staff of the Commission provided the following explanation of this
basis for exclusion in Exchange Act Release No. 34-40018 (May 21, 1998):
Certain tasks are so fundamental to management's ability to run a company on a
day-to-day basis that they could not, as a practical matter, be subject to
direct shareholder oversight. Administration of management compensation is a matter of ordinary business
The Proponent has requested that the board utilize compensation criteria that
link management compensation to value creation. The implementation of a
compensation standard for a company's "management" is a subject of ordinary
business operations and, therefore, clearly outside the scope of shareholder
matters. Further, the Proposal lacks social policy concerns which could cause
its subject matter to transcend day-to-day business matters.
In Xerox Corp. (Mar. 31, 2000), the staff of the Commission did not recommend
enforcement action with respect to a company's decision to omit a proposal
calling upon the company to provide a target level of compensation and benefits
to employees. See also Merck & Co., Inc. (Mar. 6, 2000). Proposals dealing with
compensation of other than executive officers and directors, such as the
Proposal offered by the Proponent, cannot properly be addressed by shareholders
at an annual meeting because they are proposals relating to ordinary business
matters. Disposition of European assets is a matter beyond the scope of shareholder
action The Proponent also has asked the Company to consider the disposition of its
European assets. The Company, the second largest Pepsi bottler, has operations
in 18 states as well as Puerto Rico, Jamaica, the Bahamas, Trinidad and Tobago,
Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Republic of Slovakia. Depriving
management of a multi-national corporation of the ability to make decisions
regarding the geographical allocation of corporate resources would remove from
management ultimate control over ordinary business affairs.
In addition, the Company believes this element of the Proposal constitutes an
effort to "micro-manage" the Company's business affairs by probing into matters
of a complex nature upon which shareholders, as a group, would not be in a
position to make an informed judgment. See Exchange Act Release No. 34-40018
(May 21, 1998). Support payments, pricing and marketing programs and dividend levels are matters
over which management must retain ultimate responsibility Other elements of the Proposal also constitute further efforts to micro-manage
the Company, including the Proponent's requests that the Company eliminate "an
annual marketing support shortfall from Pepsico of $105 million," develop a
"pricing and marketing support system that provides for consistent and
comparative bottler incentives," and increase its "dividend payout to
approximate Pepsico's payout level." Pursuant to its marketing programs, PepsiCo provides support payments to its
bottlers, including the Company and The Pepsi Bottling Group, Inc. ("PBG"), to
support sales campaigns and incent bottlers. Extensive negotiations regarding
these payments regularly occur. Even if the Company were able to restructure
PepsiCo's marketing program, which it cannot, such topic would be within the
purview of management. With respect to dividends, management of the Company
regularly reviews the appropriate level of dividends and makes board
recommendations. Support payments, marketing programs and dividend payouts are
all complex matters that require, and receive, the attention of management.
These elements of the Proposal involve ordinary business matters. Further, such
elements also may be excluded pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(6), Rule 14a-8(i)(13)
and Rule 14a-8(i)(3) as set forth below. Based on the foregoing, the Proposal is properly excludable from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7). 3. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(6) because it relates to matters which the Company lacks the power
or authority to implement. Rule 14a-8(i)(6) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal from the proxy
materials "[i]f the company would lack the power or authority to implement the
proposal." The Company believes that the Proposal may be excluded pursuant to
Rule 14a-8(i)(6) because it relates to matters that the Company lacks the power
or authority to implement. PepsiCo makes its own investment decisions
The Proponent calls upon the Company to explore with PepsiCo "returning [the
Company] to the market for control." In plain English, the Proponent is asking
the Company to reduce PepsiCo's ownership interest in the Company. It is
indisputable that the Company has no control over whether PepsiCo continues to
own its stock in the Company. The Proponent argues that the value of the Company
is artificially suppressed by this ownership percentage. Even if the Proponent's
claim was true, which we contest, the Company is simply unable to cause PepsiCo
to relinquish its ownership interest. In fact, in the fall of 2003, PepsiCo
advised the Company that it had no plans to reduce its ownership interest in the
Company. The Company is simply unable to achieve the Proponent's goal of
reducing PepsiCo's interest in the Company. The Company cannot unilaterally increase PepsiCo's support payments or institute
a pricing and marketing support program because PepsiCo makes those decisions
The Proponent asks the Company to increase PepsiCo's level of marketing support
and develop a pricing and marketing support system that provides for consistent
bottler incentives. As explained above, such payments are the subject of
extensive negotiations between PepsiCo and its bottlers within the parameters of
the marketing programs established by PepsiCo. In the 2002 Proxy Materials, in
response to an earlier shareholder proposal from the Proponent, the Company
explained: We are in continual dialogue with Pepsi-Cola Company about the level of
marketing support provided to our company. Pepsi-Cola Company has hundreds of
franchisees. It provides many different levels of support to these franchisees,
based upon the market opportunities for the relevant franchisee. We frequently
negotiate with Pepsi-Cola Company for funding based upon the opportunities for
the relevant franchisee. We frequently negotiate with Pepsi-Cola Company for
funding based upon the opportunities and market conditions which exist in our
territories. Notwithstanding the foregoing explanation, the Company lacks the power or
authority to unilaterally increase the marketing support payments it receives
from PepsiCo. Nor does the Company have the ability to put into place a new
marketing and pricing support program. It is worthwhile to note that management
performed an investigation of the level of marketing support the Company
received from PepsiCo in 2002 and continually negotiates marketing support
levels with PepsiCo. The Proposal seeks to regulate the actual level of support
and incentives ("eliminating an annual marketing support shortfall from Pepsico
of $105 million") and institute a support system that provides for consistent
bottler incentivesactions the Company has no power to take.
Based on the foregoing, the Proposal is properly excludable from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(6). 4. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(13) because it relates to specific amounts of cash dividends.
Rule 14a-8(i)(13) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal from the proxy
materials "[i]f the proposal relates to specific amounts of cash or stock
dividends." Accordingly, the Proposal may be excluded pursuant to Rule
14a-8(i)(13) because it relates to setting the Company's dividend pursuant to a
specific formula. The Proposal would set the appropriate level of dividends
The Proponent calls upon the Company to use a formula for the amount of
dividends, namely to establish a dividend payout equal to that of PepsiCo. In
Lydall, Inc. (Mar. 28, 2000), the staff of the Commission did not recommend
enforcement action with respect to a company's decision to omit a proposal
calling for a dividend of not less than 50% of net annual income. The staff of
the Commission has consistently permitted the omission of proposals, such as the
Proposal, that purport to establish a formula for the payment of dividends. See
International Business Machines Corporation (December 9, 1999); Tri-Continental
Corporation (February 11, 1999); Safeway, Inc. (March 4, 1998); SL Industries,
Inc. (August 13, 1996); General Electric Company (January 31, 1990); and
Workingmens Corp. (April 21, 1989). Based on the foregoing, the Proposal is properly excludable from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(13). 5. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) because it is misleading in violation of Rule 14a-9.
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) permits exclusion of a shareholder proposal from the proxy
materials "[i]f the proposal or supporting statement is contrary to any of the
Commission's proxy rules, including Rule 14a-9, which prohibits materially false
or misleading statements in proxy soliciting materials."
The Proposal contains various misleading statements
The Proposal makes reference to "an annual marketing support shortfall from
PepsiCo of $105 million." Even if the Proponent's claim was true, which as noted
above we contest, the Proposal does not present factual support for the
Proponent's allegation that the Company receives insufficient support from
PepsiCo. Nor does the Proponent clarify that such unfounded assertion is merely
his belief. By failing to mention that the difference in marketing support
levels between the Company and PBG is due to the fact that PBG has approximately
three times the net revenue of the Company, the statement is simply designed to
inflame the Company's shareholders. Because the Proposal would mislead investors into believing that the Company has
been receiving an improper level of support from PepsiCo, the Proposal is
contrary to Rule 14a-9 and is therefore properly excludable from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(3). In addition, each "whereas" clause used by the Proponent to introduce his
resolutions contains inflammatory statements, which the Proponent fails to
indicate are statements of his belief, rather than statements of fact:
WHEREAS, from 1999 to now, PepsiAmericas (PAS) Board of Directors has presided
over market value destruction of $610 million or 23%; and WHEREAS, PepsiAmericas continues not to earn its cost of capital, thus
destroying value; and WHEREAS, management has failed to achieve a balance between managing for growth
and managing for value; and WHEREAS, last year, the board rewarded value destruction with sizeable
restricted (zero cost) stock awards. Because statements in the "whereas" clauses are contrary to Rule 14a-9, such
statements are properly excludable from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials
pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(3). Further, the Company believes that the Proposal would require significant
editing in order to achieve compliance with the proxy rules. As set forth in
Staff Legal Bulletin (CF) No. 14 (July 13, 2001), "when a proposal and
supporting statement will require detailed and extensive editing in order to
bring them into compliance with the proxy rules, we may find it appropriate for
companies to exclude the entire proposal, supporting statement, or both, as
materially false or misleading." The Company believes that the Proposal falls
into this category and should be excluded from the Company's 2004 Proxy
Materials in its entirety. 6. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(c) because it constitutes multiple shareholder proposals.
As noted above, the Proposal represents seven different proposals. As a result,
the Proposal is eligible for exclusion under the procedural requirement set
forth in Exchange Act Rule 14a-8(c) which limits a shareholder to the submission
of "no more than one proposal to a company for a particular shareholders'
meeting." The Proposal constitutes several distinct and separate proposals
The Proponent sent his original proposal to an address other than that listed in
the 2003 Proxy Materials for 2004 shareholder proposals. As a result, this
delayed receipt by the Corporate Secretary by approximately one week. The
Company then advised the Proponent that he had submitted multiple proposals. The
Proponent then responded to such notice. The Proponent's amended and restated proposal is the subject matter of this
letter. Although the Company believes it has demonstrated cooperation with the
Proponent by accepting an improperly addressed proposal and by accepting the
amended and restated proposal, the Proposal still constitutes multiple proposals
for the same meeting. The staff of the Commission has previously articulated that a single proposal
made up of several separate components will not be treated as multiple proposals
for purposes of this exclusion where the components "are closely related and
essential to a single well-defined unifying concept." See Exchange Act Release
No. 12,999 (Nov. 22, 1976). However, in the case of the Proposal, the only concept that appears to relate to
each component is the maximization of shareholder value. Because maximizing
shareholder value is the nature of business for each and every for-profit
entity, it is impossible to suggest that it constitutes a single well-defined
unifying concept. Instead, the Proponent has attempted to circumvent the "one
proposal" rule by combining several separate and distinct proposals into a
single submission. See Bob Evans Farms, Inc. (May 31, 2001) and Enova Corp.
(Feb. 9, 1998). 7. Summary Based on the arguments set forth above, we respectfully request the staff of the
Commission to confirm that it will not recommend enforcement action to the
Commission if the Company omits the Proposal from its 2004 Proxy Materials.
In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j), the Company has notified the Proponent, by
copy of this letter, of its intention to omit the Proposal from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials. If you disagree with the Company's conclusions regarding omission of the
Proposal, or if any additional information is desired, we would appreciate an
opportunity to speak with you prior to the issuance of your response. If you
have any questions regarding this request or need any additional information,
please call me at (612) 977-8573. Very truly yours,
/s/ Brian D. Wenger
Attachment cc: Robert C. Pohlad (via facsimile)
Alexander R. Lehmann (via certified mail / return receipt requested) [APPENDIX]
ATTACHMENT A 12/31/03 Amended Shareholder Proposal to PepsiAmericas (Changes Initialed)
Alexander R. Lehmann
812 Sleepy Hollow Road
Briarcliff Manor, New York 10510 November 21, 2003
Proposal to PepsiAmericas, Inc., 3880 Dain Rauscher Plaza, 60 South Sixth
Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402, for inclusion in the company's 2004 proxy
statement and for action at the 2004 annual meeting. WHEREAS, from 1999 to now, PepsiAmericas (PAS) Board of Direclors has presided
over market value destruction of $610 million or 23%; and WHEREAS, PepsiAmericas continues not to earn its cost of capital, thus
destroying value; and WHEREAS, management has failed to achieve balance between managing for growth
and managing for value; and WHEREAS, last year, the board rewarded value destruction with sizeable
restricted (zero cost) stock awards. BE IT RESOLVED, that PAS' Board of Directors, assert its fiduciary duty to
represent and protect all owners and direct management to pursue the company's
objective to maximize shareholder value by focusing its business planning and
execution on available value creating strategies. Available strategies that
would add market value include Eliminating an annual marketing support shortfall from Pepsico of $105 million;
Fxamining ownership alternatives for $270 million of PAS' value destroying
European assets; Decreasing continuing reinvestment risk by increasing PAS' dividend payout to
approximate Pepsico's payout level; Working with Pepsico in developing an equitable pricing and marketing support
system that provides for consistent and comparative bottler accounting;
Exploring with Pepsico the desirability and feasibility of returning PAS to the
market for control; and Using criteria deriving from these value creating strategies to support future
changes in management compensation. Supporting Statement
Given continuing PAS underperformance and value destruction. PAS directors
representing the controlling owners need to exercise their fiduciary duty to
represent all owners and be a resource to management in achieving the company's
objective of maximizing shareholder value. in that process
a balance between managing for growth and managing for value is critical because
the primary objective of Pepsico, the controlling owner of PAS, is volume
growth. Due to that important difference in objectives, Pepsico has significant
influence on PAS' strategies. PAS' board of directors has acknowledged that
there may be conflicts of interest. Pepsico agrees that eg. it will be extremely
difficult for a third party to acquire control of PAS without its cooperation.
As long as these constraints to value creation hold, PAS' board of directors
cannot effectively represent the interests of all owners. Please vote for this proposal if you agree. [INQUIRY LETTER]
January 7, 2004 US Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
450 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20549 Re: PepsiAmericas, Inc. (File No. 1-15019) Intention to Omit Shareholder
Proposal of Alexander R. Lehmann dated 11/21/03 Letter of 1/2/04 from Briggs and
Morgan, Minneapolis, MN 55402 Ladies and Gentlemen,
As a 20-year shareholder of PepsiAmericas (PAS) and its predecessor companies,
attempting to take seriously my rights and obligations as a co-owner of the
company, I ask respectfully that the SEC not concur with PAS' flawed and
unacceptable reasoning to justify its omission of my proposal from its 2004
proxy materials. Also, please note that my proposal to PAS and that to PepsiCo are interrelated.
Please see PepsiCo letter (File No. 1-1183) of 12/30/03 and my response of
1/5/04. My proposal to PAS is but one proposal and not seven (Briggs and Morgan, p. 2).
It is that PAS' directors direct management to pursue the objective of
maximizing shareholder value by focusing its business planning and execution on
available value creating strategies. There are two major difficulties with this
objective, for PAS' board of directors to sort out. The first is that PAS' board
of directors is caught between competing objectives. There is the objective of
PepsiCo, PAS' controlling ewner and franchisor. PEP wants volume and volume
growth above all else. Then there is PAS' management that supports the objective
of maximizing shareholder value but also defers to PEP, insisting that `our
first priority ... is growth' while believing that `our philosophy of investing
wisely respects value.' Talking about the philosophy of maximizing shareholder
value is, however, not the same as executing on available strategies to achieve
that goal. The second difficulty with the objective of maximizing shareholder value is
mine. Management creates additional value for the owners whenever cash returns
on capital are rising and exceed the weighted cost of capital. PAS' return on
invested capital (ROIC) is below its cost of capital. ROIC is but one accounting
measure of return but not necessarily the one leading to value creation. That is
why I have asked the company for its definition of the term, without success.
The difficulty is, as Briggs and Morgan points out on page 10 of its 1/2/04
submission to the SEC, that for purposes of a shareholder proposal, maximizing
shareholder value is a single well defined unifying concept only if a board of
directors and a management can accept its clear meaning and recognize that a
corporation typically has numerous alternatives or strategies to achieve that
unifying concept. That is why I needed to list available strategy options, obvious to informed
owners. These options flow directly from the basic objective but are not in
themselves new or additonal objectives. In my view, each strategy option listed
would add value to PAS, if management were to execute on it. None of the options
listed, however, would equate to actually reaching the overriding objective of
maximizing shareholder value. Clearly, each strategy option is also not part of
PAS ordinary business. If it were, Priggs and Morgan would not have to work so
hard to exclude my proposal from shareholder consideration.
That said, PAS has five planners, including its CEO, on its roster of executive
officers - unusually high for a $3 billion plus corporation. It would be their
task to make reasonable efforts to explore, examine, negotiate, work with PEP,
and develop each strategy alternative into actionable proposals that PAS' board
of directors could approve. I also note, that I do not claim that my list of strategy alternatives is
complete. I set no priorities and no deadline. To assist PAS, I will rephrase
here eg. the strategy of `eliminating an annual marketing support shortfall from
Pepsico of $105 million' to read
`Promoting PepsiCo products well enough to earn increasing PepsiCo marketing
support payments equal to the level received by PEP's no. 1 bottler in terms of
its % of ebitda cashflow, for the benefit of PEP and PAS shareholders.'
Other objectionable wordings of strategy alternatives could be similarly
rephrased. Eg, with respect to PAS' European assets, I did not say, `divest.' I
said directors should direct management to examine or explore ownership
alternatives. After all, assets not earning their cost of capital and worth X to
A may be worth Xplus to B. It is Management 101 to examine or explore options.
As it stands, the European operations will not earn their cost of capital for
years to come and therefore continue to destroy value. PAS claims that it does not have the power or authority to deal with marketing
support and two other value creating strategies (see Briggs and Morgan, p. 2).
Here management is either underestimating or underplaying its importance to PEP.
Recognizing that PEP is the larger and stronger power in an unequal
relationship, PAS' board of directors must nonetheless represent the interests
of all its owners. At a minimum, the PAS board should charge management to at
least try to negotiate what may appear to be non-negotiable. For PAS to say that
`we are eg satisfied with our support' is less than satisfactory. In this
context, management may want to reread `The Little Engine That Could.'1)
Finally, I base my `whereas' statements on facts and not on beliefs. The facts
(see Briggs and Morgan, p. 9) may be unpleasant to PAS' board of directors and
management but I can support each of them. Eg, PAS' value destruction is a fact.
In 1999, PAS' average share price plus dividends was $18.88; average market
value was $2 626 million. On 12/19/0 the ytd '03 average2) was $14.12 including
dividends for an average market value of $2 019 million. The negative difference
is $607 million, rounded to $610 million. No shareholder should attempt to micro-manage a corporation and I know well
enough not to try. Results over time are up to management. That does not exclude
that a board of directors charge management to pursue the objective which is
generally seen as a unifying concept. The strategies I listed support the
objective but do not add new ones. Thank you very much for giving this your attention and consideration.
Sincerely yours, /s/
Enclosures Briggs and Morgan letter to SEC of 1/2/04 (handwritten notes are mine) with A R
Lehmann proposal attached. PS. My telephone is 914 941 0012.
-----FOOTNOTES----- 1) `Excellence-An American Treasury, Westvaco, 1988, p. 79
2) Share price [INQUIRY LETTER]
January 2, 2004 VIA COURIER U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Chief Counsel
450 Fifth Street NW
Washington DC 20549 Re: PepsiAmericas, Inc. (File No. 1-15019) Intention to Omit Shareholder
Proposal of Alexander R. Lehmann Ladies and Gentlemen:
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the "Exchange Act"), we hereby give notice to the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "Commission"), on behalf of PepsiAmericas, Inc. (the "Company"),
of the Company's intention to omit from its proxy materials (the "2004 Proxy
Materials") for its 2004 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the "Annual Meeting")
the proposal and supporting statement submitted by Alexander R. Lehmann (the
"Proponent"), dated November 21, 2003, as amended and restated on December 31,
2003 (which proposal and supporting statement are herein referred to as the
"Proposal") (attached as Attachment A). As required by Rule 14a-8(j), six copies
of the Proposal and six copies of this letter are enclosed herewith.
The Proponent has requested that the following resolutions be considered and
voted upon at the Annual Meeting: BE IT RESOLVED, that PAS' Board of Directors assert its fiduciary duty to
represent and protect all owners and direct management to pursue the company's
objective to maximize shareholder value by focusing its business planning and
execution on available value creating strategies. Available strategies that
would add market value include Eliminating an annual marketing support shortfall from Pepsico of $105 million;
Examining ownership alternatives for $270 million of PAS' value destroying
European assets; Decreasing continuing reinvestment risk by increasing PAS' dividend payout to
approximate Pepsico's payout level; Working with Pepsico in developing an equitable pricing and marketing support
system that provides for consistent and comparative bottler incentives;
Exploring with Pepsico the desirability and feasibility of returning PAS to the
market for control; and Using criteria deriving from these value creating strategies to support future
changes in management compensation. The Proposal actually sets forth seven distinct proposals, namely requests that
the Company (1) direct management to pursue shareholder value, (2) increase
support payments from PepsiCo, (3) consider disposing of European assets, (4)
increase the dividend to a specified level, (5) develop a pricing and marketing
support system, (6) develop a plan for reducing PepsiCo's interest in the
Company, and (7) use compensation criteria that lead to value creation.
Because the Proposal contains seven different proposals, we have included the
following chart for ease in reviewing the Company's substantive objections. In
addition, the Proposal also is excludable on procedural grounds under Rule
14a-8(c) as discussed at the end of this letter. [Chart omitted and under conversion.-cch]
1. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(10) because it relates to matters that the Company has already
substantially implemented. Rule 14a-8(i)(10) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal from the proxy
materials "[i]f the company has already substantially implemented the proposal."
The Proposal may be excluded pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(10) because it relates to
matters that the Company has already implemented. Management repeatedly acknowledges its goal of maximizing shareholder value
In the Company's opposition statement contained in the proxy materials (the
"2002 Proxy Materials") for its 2002 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, in response
to an earlier shareholder proposal from the Proponent ("Be it resolved that it
is high time for PAS' board of directors to perform its fiduciary duty and start
protecting the longer term interests of all shareholders and to direct
management to vigorously pursue the overriding objective set in early 1999 of
`maximizing shareholder value' by ..."), the Company reiterated its focus on
maximizing shareholder value: We agree with the premise of Mr. Lehmann's proposal that the corporation should
focus on maximizing shareholder value and that increasing our return on invested
capital is an important component of shareholder value. In the 2002 Proxy Materials, the Company set forth, in detail, the strategies it
sought, and currently seeks, to use to effectuate improved shareholder value:
Our focus for 2002 is on U.S. volume growth and continuing improvements toward
international profitability Conscious of our fiduciary duties and the long-term
interests of shareholders, we have articulated the following corporate
strategies to effectuate those goals:
Grow the top line;
Improve efficiency;
Acquire contiguous territories domestically; and
Continue to build toward international profitability by participating in all
growing beverage categories and rationalizing distribution. (emphasis added)
Since the distribution of the 2002 Proxy Materials, the Company has made
repeated references to the importance of improving shareholder value. In the
first quarter 2003 conference call, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
the Company stated, "We know the bottom line for all of us is to increase
shareholder value through profitable growth and returns in excess of our cost of
capital, and that continues to be our goal." At a presentation hosted by
Prudential Securities on September 3, 2003, the Chief Financial Officer of the
Company stated, "So, to sum up, our goal is to build a healthy, growing beverage
company and increase shareholder value." In the third quarter 2003 conference
call, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company stated, "I believe
that our performance this quarter, both in terms of costs and execution, is
evidence of an organization that is focused on delivering positive return to our
shareholders." In summary, the Proposal calls upon the Company's board of directors to direct
management to pursue a goal of maximizing shareholder value. The 2002 Proxy
Materials contained the board's affirmative statement that the Company "should
focus on maximizing shareholder value." The Company has made numerous other
recent public announcements reaffirming this goal. Having made clear that
maximizing shareholder value is the goal that management pursues, which exactly
encompasses the action requested by the Proposal, the Company does not believe
it should be required to present this matter to its shareholders.
The Company's incentive compensation plan is linked directly to value creation
The Proponent suggests that the Company should alter management compensation
using criteria derived from value creating strategies. The Company set forth the
following disclosure about incentive compensation in the proxy materials (the
"2003 Proxy Materials") for its 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders:
The executive officers named in the summary compensation table, together with
approximately 86 additional executives and managers of PepsiAmericas, Pepsi
General and P-Americas, participate in the Annual Incentive Compensation Plan.
Target amounts payable under this plan are established annually and are
proportionate to each participant's accountability for PepsiAmericas' business
plans. The actual value of compensation these executives earn under this plan is
based primarily on a formula which relates the target amounts and objectives we
establish to corporate and subsidiary financial results and functional
performance objectives. In 2002, there were three components to the Annual
Incentive Compensation Plan: operating income (40%), sales growth (30%) and a
function specific measure (30%). As general managers, Mr. Pohlad and Mr.
Keiser's bonus measures were operating income, sales volume and net revenue. The
other executive officers named in the summary compensation table had similar
financial measures used to determine payments under the plan.
Operating income, sales growth and function specific measures (measures that
specifically target initiatives that drive shareholder value) are all matters
that deal with value creation. These objective performance measures were
specifically designed to link incentive compensation to the enhancement of
shareholder value. In fact, the same performance measures described above were
used for incentive compensation determinations during 2003 as well. Because such
standards have been implemented independent of the Proponent's request that the
Company take steps to link management compensation to value creation, the
Company does not believe it should be required to present this matter to its
shareholders. Based on the foregoing, the Proposal is properly excludable from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(10). 2. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because it relates to ordinary business matters.
Rule 14a-8(i)(7) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal from the proxy
materials "i[f] the proposal deals with a matter relating to the company's
ordinary business operations." The Company believes that the Proposal may be
excluded pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7) because it relates to ordinary business
matters. The staff of the Commission provided the following explanation of this
basis for exclusion in Exchange Act Release No. 34-40018 (May 21, 1998):
Certain tasks are so fundamental to management's ability to run a company on a
day-to-day basis that they could not, as a practical matter, be subject to
direct shareholder oversight. Administration of management compensation is a matter of ordinary business
The Proponent has requested that the board utilize compensation criteria that
link management compensation to value creation. The implementation of a
compensation standard for a company's "management" is a subject of ordinary
business operations and, therefore, clearly outside the scope of shareholder
matters. Further, the Proposal lacks social policy concerns which could cause
its subject matter to transcend day-to-day business matters.
In Xerox Corp. (Mar. 31, 2000), the staff of the Commission did not recommend
enforcement action with respect to a company's decision to omit a proposal
calling upon the company to provide a target level of compensation and benefits
to employees. See also Merck & Co., Inc. (Mar. 6, 2000). Proposals dealing with
compensation of other than executive officers and directors, such as the
Proposal offered by the Proponent, cannot properly be addressed by shareholders
at an annual meeting because they are proposals relating to ordinary business
matters. Disposition of European assets is a matter beyond the scope of shareholder
action The Proponent also has asked the Company to consider the disposition of its
European assets. The Company, the second largest Pepsi bottler, has operations
in 18 states as well as Puerto Rico, Jamaica, the Bahamas, Trinidad and Tobago,
Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Republic of Slovakia. Depriving
management of a multi-national corporation of the ability to make decisions
regarding the geographical allocation of corporate resources would remove from
management ultimate control over ordinary business affairs.
In addition, the Company believes this element of the Proposal constitutes an
effort to "micro-manage" the Company's business affairs by probing into matters
of a complex nature upon which shareholders, as a group, would not be in a
position to make an informed judgment. See Exchange Act Release No. 34-40018
(May 21, 1998). Support payments, pricing and marketing programs and dividend levels are matters
over which management must retain ultimate responsibility Other elements of the Proposal also constitute further efforts to micro-manage
the Company, including the Proponent's requests that the Company eliminate "an
annual marketing support shortfall from Pepsico of $105 million," develop a
"pricing and marketing support system that provides for consistent and
comparative bottler incentives," and increase its "dividend payout to
approximate Pepsico's payout level." Pursuant to its marketing programs, PepsiCo provides support payments to its
bottlers, including the Company and The Pepsi Bottling Group, Inc. ("PBG"), to
support sales campaigns and incent bottlers. Extensive negotiations regarding
these payments regularly occur. Even if the Company were able to restructure
PepsiCo's marketing program, which it cannot, such topic would be within the
purview of management. With respect to dividends, management of the Company
regularly reviews the appropriate level of dividends and makes board
recommendations. Support payments, marketing programs and dividend payouts are
all complex matters that require, and receive, the attention of management.
These elements of the Proposal involve ordinary business matters. Further, such
elements also may be excluded pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(6), Rule 14a-8(i)(13)
and Rule 14a-8(i)(3) as set forth below. Based on the foregoing, the Proposal is properly excludable from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(7). 3. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(6) because it relates to matters which the Company lacks the power
or authority to implement. Rule 14a-8(i)(6) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal from the proxy
materials "[i]f the company would lack the power or authority to implement the
proposal." The Company believes that the Proposal may be excluded pursuant to
Rule 14a-8(i)(6) because it relates to matters that the Company lacks the power
or authority to implement. PepsiCo makes its own investment decisions
The Proponent calls upon the Company to explore with PepsiCo "returning [the
Company] to the market for control." In plain English, the Proponent is asking
the Company to reduce PepsiCo's ownership interest in the Company. It is
indisputable that the Company has no control over whether PepsiCo continues to
own its stock in the Company. The Proponent argues that the value of the Company
is artificially suppressed by this ownership percentage. Even if the Proponent's
claim was true, which we contest, the Company is simply unable to cause PepsiCo
to relinquish its ownership interest. In fact, in the fall of 2003, PepsiCo
advised the Company that it had no plans to reduce its ownership interest in the
Company. The Company is simply unable to achieve the Proponent's goal of
reducing PepsiCo's interest in the Company. The Company cannot unilaterally increase PepsiCo's support payments or institute
a pricing and marketing support program because PepsiCo makes those decisions
The Proponent asks the Company to increase PepsiCo's level of marketing support
and develop a pricing and marketing support system that provides for consistent
bottler incentives. As explained above, such payments are the subject of
extensive negotiations between PepsiCo and its bottlers within the parameters of
the marketing programs established by PepsiCo. In the 2002 Proxy Materials, in
response to an earlier shareholder proposal from the Proponent, the Company
explained: We are in continual dialogue with Pepsi-Cola Company about the level of
marketing support provided to our company. Pepsi-Cola Company has hundreds of
franchisees. It provides many different levels of support to these franchisees,
based upon the market opportunities for the relevant franchisee. We frequently
negotiate with Pepsi-Cola Company for funding based upon the opportunities for
the relevant franchisee. We frequently negotiate with Pepsi-Cola Company for
funding based upon the opportunities and market conditions which exist in our
territories. Notwithstanding the foregoing explanation, the Company lacks the power or
authority to unilaterally increase the marketing support payments it receives
from PepsiCo. Nor does the Company have the ability to put into place a new
marketing and pricing support program. It is worthwhile to note that management
performed an investigation of the level of marketing support the Company
received from PepsiCo in 2002 and continually negotiates marketing support
levels with PepsiCo. The Proposal seeks to regulate the actual level of support
and incentives ("eliminating an annual marketing support shortfall from Pepsico
of $105 million") and institute a support system that provides for consistent
bottler incentivesactions the Company has no power to take.
Based on the foregoing, the Proposal is properly excludable from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(6). 4. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(13) because it relates to specific amounts of cash dividends.
Rule 14a-8(i)(13) permits the exclusion of a shareholder proposal from the proxy
materials "[i]f the proposal relates to specific amounts of cash or stock
dividends." Accordingly, the Proposal may be excluded pursuant to Rule
14a-8(i)(13) because it relates to setting the Company's dividend pursuant to a
specific formula. The Proposal would set the appropriate level of dividends
The Proponent calls upon the Company to use a formula for the amount of
dividends, namely to establish a dividend payout equal to that of PepsiCo. In
Lydall, Inc. (Mar. 28, 2000), the staff of the Commission did not recommend
enforcement action with respect to a company's decision to omit a proposal
calling for a dividend of not less than 50% of net annual income. The staff of
the Commission has consistently permitted the omission of proposals, such as the
Proposal, that purport to establish a formula for the payment of dividends. See
International Business Machines Corporation (December 9, 1999); Tri-Continental
Corporation (February 11, 1999); Safeway, Inc. (March 4, 1998); SL Industries,
Inc. (August 13, 1996); General Electric Company (January 31, 1990); and
Workingmens Corp. (April 21, 1989). Based on the foregoing, the Proposal is properly excludable from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(13). 5. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) because it is misleading in violation of Rule 14a-9.
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) permits exclusion of a shareholder proposal from the proxy
materials "[i]f the proposal or supporting statement is contrary to any of the
Commission's proxy rules, including Rule 14a-9, which prohibits materially false
or misleading statements in proxy soliciting materials."
The Proposal contains various misleading statements
The Proposal makes reference to "an annual marketing support shortfall from
PepsiCo of $105 million." Even if the Proponent's claim was true, which as noted
above we contest, the Proposal does not present factual support for the
Proponent's allegation that the Company receives insufficient support from
PepsiCo. Nor does the Proponent clarify that such unfounded assertion is merely
his belief. By failing to mention that the difference in marketing support
levels between the Company and PBG is due to the fact that PBG has approximately
three times the net revenue of the Company, the statement is simply designed to
inflame the Company's shareholders. Because the Proposal would mislead investors into believing that the Company has
been receiving an improper level of support from PepsiCo, the Proposal is
contrary to Rule 14a-9 and is therefore properly excludable from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(3). In addition, each "whereas" clause used by the Proponent to introduce his
resolutions contains inflammatory statements, which the Proponent fails to
indicate are statements of his belief, rather than statements of fact:
WHEREAS, from 1999 to now, PepsiAmericas (PAS) Board of Directors has presided
over market value destruction of $610 million or 23%; and WHEREAS, PepsiAmericas continues not to earn its cost of capital, thus
destroying value; and WHEREAS, management has failed to achieve a balance between managing for growth
and managing for value; and WHEREAS, last year, the board rewarded value destruction with sizeable
restricted (zero cost) stock awards. Because statements in the "whereas" clauses are contrary to Rule 14a-9, such
statements are properly excludable from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials
pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(3). Further, the Company believes that the Proposal would require significant
editing in order to achieve compliance with the proxy rules. As set forth in
Staff Legal Bulletin (CF) No. 14 (July 13, 2001), "when a proposal and
supporting statement will require detailed and extensive editing in order to
bring them into compliance with the proxy rules, we may find it appropriate for
companies to exclude the entire proposal, supporting statement, or both, as
materially false or misleading." The Company believes that the Proposal falls
into this category and should be excluded from the Company's 2004 Proxy
Materials in its entirety. 6. The Proposal may be omitted from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials under
Rule 14a-8(c) because it constitutes multiple shareholder proposals.
As noted above, the Proposal represents seven different proposals. As a result,
the Proposal is eligible for exclusion under the procedural requirement set
forth in Exchange Act Rule 14a-8(c) which limits a shareholder to the submission
of "no more than one proposal to a company for a particular shareholders'
meeting." The Proposal constitutes several distinct and separate proposals
The Proponent sent his original proposal to an address other than that listed in
the 2003 Proxy Materials for 2004 shareholder proposals. As a result, this
delayed receipt by the Corporate Secretary by approximately one week. The
Company then advised the Proponent that he had submitted multiple proposals. The
Proponent then responded to such notice. The Proponent's amended and restated proposal is the subject matter of this
letter. Although the Company believes it has demonstrated cooperation with the
Proponent by accepting an improperly addressed proposal and by accepting the
amended and restated proposal, the Proposal still constitutes multiple proposals
for the same meeting. The staff of the Commission has previously articulated that a single proposal
made up of several separate components will not be treated as multiple proposals
for purposes of this exclusion where the components "are closely related and
essential to a single well-defined unifying concept." See Exchange Act Release
No. 12,999 (Nov. 22, 1976). However, in the case of the Proposal, the only concept that appears to relate to
each component is the maximization of shareholder value. Because maximizing
shareholder value is the nature of business for each and every for-profit
entity, it is impossible to suggest that it constitutes a single well-defined
unifying concept. Instead, the Proponent has attempted to circumvent the "one
proposal" rule by combining several separate and distinct proposals into a
single submission. See Bob Evans Farms, Inc. (May 31, 2001) and Enova Corp.
(Feb. 9, 1998). 7. Summary Based on the arguments set forth above, we respectfully request the staff of the
Commission to confirm that it will not recommend enforcement action to the
Commission if the Company omits the Proposal from its 2004 Proxy Materials.
In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j), the Company has notified the Proponent, by
copy of this letter, of its intention to omit the Proposal from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials. If you disagree with the Company's conclusions regarding omission of the
Proposal, or if any additional information is desired, we would appreciate an
opportunity to speak with you prior to the issuance of your response. If you
have any questions regarding this request or need any additional information,
please call me at (612) 977-8573. Very truly yours,
/s/ Brian D. Wenger
Attachment cc: Robert C. Pohlad (via facsimile)
Alexander R. Lehmann (via certified mail / return receipt requested)
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
February 11, 2004 Response of the Office of Chief Counsel Division of Corporation Finance
Re: PepsiAmericas, Inc.
Incoming letter dated January 2, 2004 The proposal requests that PAS' Board of Directors "assert its fiduciary duty to
represent and protect all owners and direct management to pursue the company's
objective to maximize shareholder value by focusing on its business planning and
execution on available value creating strategies." There appears to be some basis for your view that PepsiAmericas may exclude the
proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(7), as relating to ordinary business matters,
(i.e., maximizing shareholder value, general compensation matters, and
transactions involving non-core assets). Accordingly, we will not recommend
enforcement action to the Commission if PepsiAmericas omits the proposal from
its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(7). In reaching this
conclusion, we have not found it necessary to address the alternative bases for
omission upon which PepsiAmericas relies Sincerely,
/s/ Keir D. Gumbs
Special Counsel
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