Company Name: Crescent Real Estate Equities Co.
Public Availability Date: April 5, 2004
Document Sections:
INQUIRY LETTER
APPENDIX
STAFF REPLY LETTER
[INQUIRY LETTER]
March 2, 2004
Office of the Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
Securities and Exchange Commission
450 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: Shareholder Proposal of the Board of Trustees of the International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Pension Benefit Fund
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Our client, Crescent Real Estate Equities Company, a Texas real estate
investment trust (the "Company"), has received from the Board of Trustees of the
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Pension Benefit Fund (the
"Proponent") a shareholder proposal and supporting statement in the form
attached to this letter as Exhibit A (the "Proposal") for inclusion in the
Company's proxy statement and form of proxy for its 2004 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders (the "Proxy Materials"). The Company believes that it properly may
omit the Proposal from the Proxy Materials for the reasons discussed in this
request letter.
On behalf of the Company, we respectfully request confirmation that the staff
members of the Division of Corporation Finance (the "Staff") will not recommend
any enforcement action to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission") if the Company excludes the Proposal from its Proxy Materials, in
reliance on those provisions of Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), discussed below.
Pursuant to Rule 14a-8(j) under the Exchange Act, we have enclosed, on behalf of
the Company, six (6) copies of this request letter and its attachments. As also
required by Rule 14a-8(j), we are sending today a copy of this letter and its
attachments to the Proponent as notice of the Company's intention to omit the
Proposal from the Proxy Materials.
The Proposal
The Proposal urges the Executive Compensation Committee (the "Compensation
Committee") of the Board of Trust Managers (the "Board") to adopt a policy that
a significant portion of future stock option grants to senior executives be
performance-based.
Bases for Exclusion of Proposal from Proxy Materials
The Company believes that it properly may exclude the Proposal from the Proxy
Materials pursuant to the following rules.
1. Rule 14a-8(i)(3) because inclusion of the Proposal in the Proxy Materials
would violate rules under the Exchange Act governing proxy solicitations and
proxy materials, including Rule 14a-9;
2. Rule 14a-8(i)(10) because the Company has already substantially implemented
the Proposal; and
3. Rule 14a-8(i)(3) because the Proposal contains false and misleading
statements.
I. Inclusion of the Proposal in the Proxy Materials Would Violate the Proxy
Rules (Rule 14a-8(i)(3) and Rule 14a-9) and the Proposal is Vague and Indefinite
and, Accordingly, may be Excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(3)
Rule 14a-8(i)(3) allows a proposal to be omitted if the proposal or its
supporting statement is contrary to the proxy rules, including Rule 14a-9, which
prohibits materially false or misleading statements in proxy soliciting
materials. The Staff has consistently taken the position that shareholder
proposals that are vague and indefinite are excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(3) as
inherently misleading because neither the company's shareholders nor its board
of directors would be able to determine, with any reasonable amount of
certainty, what action or measures would be taken if the proposal were
implemented. See, e.g., Eastman Kodak Company (available March 3, 2003); General
Electric Company (available January 23, 2003); Alcoa Inc. (available December
24, 2002); Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. (available February 1, 1999);
Archer-Daniels-Midland Company (available June 21, 1991); and Ford Motor Co.
(available February 26, 1980). In voting on the Proposal, one shareholder may
believe that approval of the Proposal will produce a result that is wholly
different than the result the Proponent anticipates or that the Board
understands to have been approved.
There also is judicial precedent consistent with this standard for
excludability. See, e.g., Dyer v. Securities and Exchange Commission, 287 F.2d
773, 781 (8th Cir. 1961) (upholding exclusion of a proposal that is "so vague
and indefinite" that neither the board nor the shareholders would be able to
understand what the proposal would involve) and NYC Employees' Retirement System
v. Brunswick Corp., 789 F. Supp. 144, 146 (S.D.N.Y. 1992) (stating that
shareholders are entitled to know precisely what constitutes the scope of any
proposal on which their vote is requested).
The Proposal is vague and indefinite in that it fails to:
define critical terms;
provide guidance on the generic terms and concepts that the Proposal
identifies as part of the policy to be adopted by the Compensation Committee;
and
provide guidance as to the manner in which the policy to be adopted should
relate to other components of compensation to senior executives.
More specifically, the Proposal is vague and indefinite in the following
fundamental respects.
1. The Proposal does not specify who would be subject to the new policy.
Although it states the new policy would apply to "senior executives," it is not
clear who would be considered to fit within this category. Would it be the
President and the top four most highly compensated employees? Would it be any
officer with a specific title or who is at or above the level of a "Vice
President," a "Senior Vice President" or an "Executive Vice President"? Would it
be any person who files reports under Section 16 of the Exchange Act? All of
these people may receive grants of equity compensation, and it is unclear to
what extent any of them would be subject to the requirements of the new policy.
2. The Proposal does not specify what is intended to comply with the policy that
a "significant" portion of stock option grants be performance-based. The term
"significant" has been interpreted by courts and government agencies, in a
variety of contexts, to mean anything from as little as 5% to 80% or more of the
whole. The Compensation Committee may reasonably interpret the term in a manner
that is very different than the Proponent intended or a shareholder of the
Company expected.
3. The Proposal does not indicate whether the new policy is designed to limit
equity compensation paid to senior executives to "performance-based options" or
whether other types of equity compensation may be provided, either in lieu of or
in addition to performance-based options.
4. Similarly, the Proposal does not indicate how, whether, or to what extent the
grant of "performance-based options" should affect cash compensation to senior
executives.
5. Although the Proposal purports to define "performance-based options," many
critical terms are vague and indefinite. These terms include:
"linked to an industry index";
"above the market price"; and
"a performance target."
For example, it is unclear how the options could be "indexed options" and also
have an exercise price that is linked to an industry index. It also is unclear
as to the manner in which the "link" would operate and how close the "link" with
the exercise price should be.
6. The Proposal provides for "premium-priced" options, defined by the Proponent
as "above the market price" on the grant date. No range is suggested, which
means that the amount anticipated by the Proponent, each shareholder voting on
the Proposal, and the Compensation Committee could be so different in amount as
to affect dramatically the manner in which the policy operates and develops.
7. The Proposal also provides for options that vest "when a performance target
is met." Again, the terms are so indefinite that each person voting on, or
implementing, the policy advocated by the Proposal could reach entirely
different conclusions. All options granted might vest when one target is met.
Options might vest ratably as a series of targets are met. There is no guidance
as to the nature and terms of the target, which means that the Compensation
Committee may have a different view of the approach that must be utilized to
satisfy this standard than the shareholders voting on the Proposal.
In fact, the Proposal is no less vague and indefinite than proposals that the
Staff has permitted issuers to exclude in their entirety in the past year. See,
e.g., Otter Tail Corporation (available January 12, 2004); Capital One Financial
Corporation (available February 7, 2003); and General Electric Company
(available February 5, 2003). Further, the Supporting Statement contained within
the Proposal provides little, if any, interpretive guidance as to the intention
of the vague and indefinite language of the shareholder resolution to be voted
upon under the Proposal.
Although the Proponent and the shareholders are entitled to expect the
Compensation Committee to act reasonably in interpreting any vague or indefinite
provision in the Proposal, the number of vague and indefinite provisions in the
Proposal makes it potentially misleading to the Company's shareholders on an
overall basis and, therefore, justifies the exclusion of the entire Proposal.
The Staff traditionally has permitted the exclusion of an entire proposal if, as
is the case with the Proposal, "it is unclear exactly what action any
shareholders voting for the proposal would expect the company to take" or if "it
is unclear what action the company would be required to take if the proposal
were adopted." See, e.g., Occidental Petroleum Corp. (available February 11,
1991). In addition, the Staff has made it clear that a proposal "that will
require detailed and extensive editing in order to bring ... [it] into
compliance with the proxy rules" may justify the exclusion of the entire
proposal. See Division of Corporation Finance: Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14
(published July 13, 2001) ("Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14"). Because the Proposal
is vague and indefinite, the Company's reasonable efforts to implement the
Proposal may contravene the intentions of the shareholders that voted for the
Proposal. See, e.g., Puget Energy, Inc. (available March 7, 2002); IDACORP, Inc.
(available September 10, 2001); Revlon, Inc. (available March 13, 2001); Jos.
Schlitz Brewing Company (available March 21, 1977). The Company believes,
therefore, that the Proposal properly should be excluded under Rule 14a-8(i)(3).
II. The Proposal Already Has Been Substantially Implemented (Rule 14a-8(i)(10))
The Company believes that the Proposal should be excluded from the Company's
2004 Proxy Materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(10) because the Proposal, as
expressed in its own very general terms, already has been substantially
implemented.
The compensation of the Company's executive officers consists of both a current
and a long-term component. In addition to their salaries, executive officers may
be compensated for the performance of the Company in the form of (i) cash bonus
awards, typically pursuant to the Annual Incentive Plan (the "Bonus Plan"), and
(ii) dividend incentive units under the Dividend Incentive Unit Plan ("DIU
Plan").
Both the Bonus Plan and the DIU Plan were adopted by the Company in order to
provide appropriate incentives and rewards for services rendered by officers of
the Company. The plans were adopted with the approval of the Executive
Compensation Committee and the Board of the Company. The plans, together with
recommendations by the management of the Company, are used to determine portions
of the executive compensation.
Under the Bonus Plan, at the beginning of the year, the Executive Compensation
Committee designates (i) the positions covered by the Bonus Plan, (ii) the
minimum and maximum annual incentive opportunity or bonus that the individual
holding each position is eligible to earn for the year, and (iii) the
performance necessary to earn each level of bonus in three components. One of
these components, the Corporate component, provides for a certain portion of the
bonus to be paid based upon the Company's achievement of the thresholds relating
to total return to shareholders and FFO for the year.1 Most positions also are
assigned a second component, the Functional Unit component, which provides for a
certain portion of the bonus to be earned upon the achievement of individualized
measures of functional unit performance. For each officer, a third component,
the Individual component, provides for a certain portion of the officer's bonus
to be earned based upon an evaluation of the officer's individual performance
for the year.
Under the DIU Plan, prior to the beginning of the year, the Executive
Compensation Committee designates each employee eligible to receive dividend
incentive units and the number of units allocated to the employee. In addition,
the Committee adopts performance targets for the Company for the year based upon
total return to shareholders and FFO for the year, as well as a performance
multiple for each target. Pursuant to the DIU Plan, the Committee is required to
determine the extent to which those targets were achieved or surpassed and, in
the event that targets are achieved, the amount to be credited to the account of
each participant who was employed by the Company on the last day of the year.
This amount is equal to the annual dividends that the participant would have
received if he held one share of stock in the Company for each Unit held in his
account, multiplied by the number of Units the participant held throughout the
year, multiplied by the performance multiple associated with the targets
achieved for the year.
The Board and Executive Compensation Committee of the Company already have
adopted a compensation scheme that provides that a portion of the compensation
received by the Company's executive officers should be based upon the
performance of the Company and their own performance, thereby directly tying the
rewards received by management to the performance of the Company. Accordingly,
it is unnecessary that the Proponent seek to impose additional, similar
requirements on the Company because the Company already substantially has
implemented the Proposal. See, e.g., Cisco Systems, Inc. (available August 11,
2003).
III. The Company believes that a number of statements in the Proposal should be
excluded from the Company's 2004 Proxy Materials because these statements are
materially false and misleading pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(3). We also believe,
based on the number of these false and misleading statements, that there is a
basis for excluding the entire Proposal.
The Proposal contains numerous statements that are false and misleading. In
Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14, the Staff discusses the rationale for permitting
exclusion of shareholder proposals that will "require detailed and extensive
editing in order to bring them into compliance with the proxy rules." An editing
process of this type is time-consuming for the Staff, which has only limited
resources. In addition, Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14 points out that a
requirement that the Staff spend time even reviewing shareholder proposals with
"obvious deficiencies in terms of accuracy, clarity or relevance" does not
improve the process or benefit the majority of those participating in the proxy
process. It simply "diverts resources" away from analyzing the principal, or
core, issues under Rule 14a-8.
The Proposal also makes several assertions that are phrased as factual
statements but actually represent the Proponent's own opinion, which the
Proponent has not substantiated. The Staff has consistently taken the position
that presenting an opinion as a fact is misleading and impermissible under Rule
14a-9. See, e.g., Dillard's Inc. (available March 10, 2003); General Electric
Company (available January 24, 2003); Tyco Int'l Ltd. (available December 16,
2002).
In the third paragraph of the supporting statement, the statement that "Standard
stock options give windfalls to executives who are lucky enough to hold them
during a bull market, and penalize executives who hold them during a bear
market" implies that highly competent, mediocre, and poor executives all
experience the same effects from holding stock options depending solely on
general market conditions. This statement is simply the opinion of the Proponent
represented as a fact.
Also in the third paragraph of the supporting statement, Proponent presents
opinions of Warren Buffett, Alan Greenspan and Al Rappaport, and purports to
quote Warren Buffett. This information is not presented in context and requires
more background information or more detailed and precise references so that
shareholders may analyze the statements in the context in which they were made
and verify the statements cited. In addition, the references should be limited
to the particular sections of the source materials that support the statements
cited.
The entire fourth paragraph consists of conclusory statements not supported by
any analysis or factual information. The statements should be eliminated or put
in context, with supporting information.
In the fifth paragraph of the supporting statement, the Proponent's reference to
a 2002 report on executive compensation by the Conference Board's Commission on
Public Trust and Private Enterprise is out-of-date and, as presented, not
relevant to the Proponent's arguments. It is not clear from the information that
Proponent presents that so-called "standard stock options" had any effect on the
markets in general. Rather, the report is cited as saying simply that the bull
market led to massive, "excessive" and unanticipated gains from options. Since
we are not now in an "unprecedented bull market," the information in the
paragraph seems to be irrelevant to the resolution contained in the Proposal.
The information should be put in context, with a more precise reference required
in order that shareholders may verify the statement made, and the reference
should be limited to the particular section of the report that supports the
statement cited.
In the sixth paragraph of the supporting statement, the Proponent's references
to the actions of other public companies, including the direct quotation from
the proxy statement of one such company, require more precise references in
order that shareholders may verify the statements cited, and the references
should be limited to the particular sections of the source materials that
support the statements cited. The basis on which the Proponent has determined
that the named companies are "leading" companies is unclear and should be
specified. In addition, the summary description of the option structure put in
place by Avery Dennison and touted by the Proponent as more closely linking
compensation to company performance, seems to indicate that the options vest
regardless of performance if the holder of the options stays with the company
long enough. If true, the statement as currently written is misleading and
should be clarified or eliminated.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we respectfully request that the Staff concur in our
opinion that the Proposal may be properly omitted from the Proxy Materials and
confirm that it will not recommend any enforcement action if the Proposal is
omitted from the Proxy Materials.
The Company presently expects to file its definitive Proxy Materials with the
Commission on or about April 30, 2004. Accordingly, the Company requests that
the Staff grant a waiver from the requirement of Rule 14a-8(j) that this letter
be submitted to the Staff and the Proponent not less than 80 calendar days
before the Company expects to file its definitive Proxy Materials with the
Commission. The Company is requesting this waiver in order to allow time for
printing and mailing of the Proxy Materials and still retain a solicitation
period of at least 45 days. The Company's common shares are primarily held in
"street name" through various brokers on behalf of the beneficial owners. The
Company believes that a shorter solicitation period will not allow sufficient
time for the majority of the beneficial owners to receive the Proxy Materials,
consider the proposals, and submit their proxy or make arrangements to attend
the 2004 Annual Meeting in person. If the Staff requires the Company to include
the Proposal, the longer solicitation period is even more important because the
brokers will not have authority to vote the shares of a beneficial owner on the
Proposal. Only the beneficial owner will have the right to vote on the Proposal,
and the Company expects to recommend a vote against the Proposal. For these
reasons, it will be difficult for the Proponent to obtain the vote required to
approve the Proposal unless the solicitation period is longer than the
approximately 30 days available without the waiver or the 10 days permitted
under state law. In addition, permitting the Company to file its definitive 2004
Proxy Materials by April 30, 2004 will permit the Company to save its
shareholders the expenses that the Company otherwise will incur as a result of
the need to prepare and file an amendment to its Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003, in addition to preparing, filing and distributing its Proxy
Materials. The Company therefore respectfully requests that the Staff waive the
80-day requirement of Rule 14a-8(j) by permitting the Company to file its
definitive Proxy Materials 59 days after the date of this letter.
If you have any questions with respect to the foregoing or if you need any
additional information, please do not hesitate to telephone me at 202.663.8136.
If for any reason the Staff does not agree with the conclusions expressed
herein, we would appreciate the opportunity to confer with the Staff before
issuance of its response.
Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
/s/
Robert B. Robbins
Enclosures
cc: Jerry J. O'Connor, Trustee on the Board of Trustees of the International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Pension Benefit Fund
-----FOOTNOTES-----
1 FFO, based on the revised definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the
National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, effective January 1,
2000, means net income (loss) (determined in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles ("GAAP")) (i) excluding gains (or losses) from sales of
depreciable operating property, (ii) excluding extraordinary items (as defined
by GAAP), (iii) plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and
(iv) after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
[APPENDIX]
EXHIBIT A
RESOLVED, that the shareholders of Crescent Real Estate Equities Company
("Crescent" or the "Company") urge the Executive Compensation Committee of the
Board of Directors (the "Committee") to adopt a policy that a significant
portion of future stock option grants to senior executives shall be
performance-based. Performance-based options are defined as I) indexed options,
whose exercise price is linked to an industry index; 2) premium-priced stock
options, whose exercise price is above the market price on the grant date; or 3)
performance-vesting options, which vest when a performance target is met.
SUPPORTING STATEMENT
In 2002, Crescent CEO John Goff was awarded options to purchase partnership
units in Crescent Real Estate Equities, LP, which can be exchanged after
exercise, subject to shareholder approval, into 3,000,000 shares of Company
common stock. For example, if Crescent's stock price increases by only $2.00 per
share (approximately 11% of the $17.61 closing price on January 7, 2004), Mr.
Goff could reap $6 million, even if Crescent underperformed its competitors.
Compensation using stock options is intended to align senior executives' and
shareholders' interests, and to motivate executives to improve company
performance. We believe that Crescent's use of standard stock options to
compensate its senior executives has the potential to reward mediocre company
performance, and we urge the Committee to use performance-based options.
Standard stock options give windfalls to executives who are lucky enough to hold
them during a bull market, and penalize executives who hold them during a bear
market. Experts including Warren Buffett, Alan Greenspan and Al Rappaport
criticize standard options on the ground that they inappropriately reward
mediocre or poor performanceBuffett has stated that standard stock option plans
are "really a royalty on the passage of time" and favor indexed options.
Performance-based options tie compensation more closely to companyrather than
stock marketperformance. Premium-priced and performance-vesting options
encourage senior executives to set and meet ambitious but realistic performance
targets.
Indexed options may have the added benefit of discouraging repricing in the
event of an industry downturn.
A 2002 report on executive compensation by the Conference Board's Commission on
Public Trust and Private Enterprise endorsed the use of performance-based
options. The Commission identified factors contributing to an environment "ripe
for abuse," including "the unprecedented bull market," which "led to massive,
excessive unanticipated gains from options unrelated to management's operating
performance."
Leading companies such as Avery Dennison, Capital One and Mattel have adopted
performance-based plans. According to Avery Dennison's most recent proxy
statement, its approach, which postpones vesting until nine years and nine
months after grant unless targets are met, "is designed to prornote the creation
of stockholder value over the long-term since the full benefit of the
compensation package cannot be realized unless stock price appreciation occurs
over a number of years."
We urge shareholders to vote FOR this proposal.
[STAFF REPLY LETTER]
April 5, 2004
Response of the Office of Chief Counsel
Division of Corporation Finance
Re: Crescent Real Estate Equities Company
Incoming letter dated March 2, 2004
The proposal urges the board to adopt a policy that a significant portion of
future stock option grants to senior executives be performance based.
We are unable to concur in your view that Crescent Real Estate may exclude the
proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(3). There appears, however, to be some basis for
your view that portions of the proposal or supporting statement may be
materially false or misleading under rule 14a-9. In our view, the proponent
must:
Recast the sentence that begins "Standard stock options ..." and ends "...
during a bear market" as reflecting the proponent's opinion;
Provide factual support for the sentence that begins "Experts including Warren
Buffet ..." and ends "... and favor indexed options" in the form of a citation
to a specific source;
Recast the paragraph that begins "Performance-based options ..." and ends "...
of an industry downturn" as reflecting the proponent's opinion;
Provide a citation to a specific source for the sentence that begins "The
Commission identified ..." and ends "... management's operating performance";
and
Provide a citation to a specific source for the sentence that begins "Leading
companies such as ..." and ends "... performance-based plans."
Accordingly, unless the proponent provides Crescent Real Estate with a proposal
and supporting statement revised in this manner, within seven calendar days
after receiving this letter, we will not recommend enforcement action to the
Commission if Crescent Real Estate omits only these portions of the supporting
statement from its proxy materials in reliance on rule 14a-8(i)(3).
We are unable to concur in your view that Crescent Real Estate may exclude the
proposal under rule 14a-8(i)(10). Accordingly, we do not believe that Crescent
Real Estate may omit the proposal from its proxy materials in reliance on rule
14a-8(i)(10).
We note that Crescent Real Estate did not file its statement of objections to
including the proposal at least 80 days before the date on which it will file
definitive proxy materials as required by rule 14a-8(j)(1). Noting the
circumstances of the delay we do not waive the 80-day requirement.
Sincerely,
/s/
Keir D. Gumbs,
Special Counsel
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